2021协和吴鸣教授宫颈癌讲座汇总✍
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Wertheim Operation的改进</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Joe Vincent Meigs·美国妇科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>(1892-1963)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">40年代提出:强调盆腔淋巴结的彻底切除<span style="color: black;">能够</span>改善预后。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">强调手术的解剖,强调手术的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>学。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手术死亡率:1%</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率:75%</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">☺可惜的是:七十年过去了,手术的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">无</span>真正<span style="color: black;">加强</span> !</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">世界公认的危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>➠:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">神经侵犯,淋巴结转移,脉管浸润,宫旁受累,深肌层浸润,切缘不净,肿瘤超过4公分。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span>(淋巴结转移、宫旁受累、切缘不净)一旦<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>即刻受到影响,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>任何一个高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率会下降50%<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">要<span style="color: black;">注意</span>高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>(手术和病理)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">术后同步放化疗是不二之选!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手术的益处:<span style="color: black;">针对</span>肿瘤进行了根治性的切除,于卵巢的功能能够得到最大限度的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>。降低了阴道局部的照射剂量,减轻了放疗阴道的<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>影响,更符合<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的心理。(随着年龄增长好处随之变少)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">放疗之<span style="color: black;">有害</span>影响:放疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使阴道缩窄,放疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>卵巢功能的丧失。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">放疗并发症,如放射性直肠炎、放射性膀胱炎等,尽管较少,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>却有<span style="color: black;">出现</span>淋巴水肿的问题,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>解释的是这些淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>是在接受根治性手术之后再接受辅助放疗才更易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。(随年龄的增长好处<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">增加</span>)</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>宫颈癌的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">到底</span>是采取手术?还是采取放化疗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>的宫颈癌病人;<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>存在危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>;术后<span style="color: black;">必要</span>接受辅助治疗;<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>术前<span style="color: black;">能够</span>得到有效<span style="color: black;">评定</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>肿瘤超过4CM的病人,采取直接放化疗;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">卵巢功能消失或接近绝经期,哪怕<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>应直接放化疗。<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">青年</span>病人适合手术并应做好手术。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">♥<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>术前就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>估计到术后会接受放疗,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>手术应该停止<span style="color: black;">或</span>取消!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是☞:手术后的放化疗会<span style="color: black;">由于</span>子宫缺如降低放疗效果。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>的局限性晚期宫颈癌到底是应该放化疗?还是应该手术?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>手术的话:是三种治疗的叠加·</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1)先期化疗是<span style="color: black;">必要</span>的2-3个疗程。(<span style="color: black;">所说</span>新辅助化疗)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2)根治性子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结切除+腹主动脉旁淋巴结取样或切除,且手术<span style="color: black;">需求</span>较高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3)术后几乎<span style="color: black;">没</span>一例外的要接受同步放化疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">反之<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>放化疗的话,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>与手术相同的治疗结果,治疗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的并发症会少<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">✔治疗结果:三种治疗叠加=直接放化疗治疗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">✘并发症缺点:三种治疗叠加>>>直接放化疗</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Piver-Rutledge-Smith<span style="color: black;">归类</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">I类:筋膜外子宫切除术</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-宫颈原位癌和<span style="color: black;">初期</span>浸润癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">II类:改良式根治性子宫切除(Wertheim手术)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-特殊<span style="color: black;">状况</span>的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>浸润癌(IA1期伴LVSI)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-放疗后局限于宫颈的微小复发?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">IⅡ类:根治性子宫切除术(Meigs或Okabayashi)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-I期-IIA期宫颈癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-放疗后膀胱直肠未受累的中央型复发?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">IV类:扩大根治性子宫切除术(LEER)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">- IIB的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>-部分中央型复发(未累及直肠和膀胱)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">V类:盆腔廓清术</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-累及膀胱和输尿管的中央型复发</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">★吴鸣教授关于<span style="color: black;">选取</span>开腹或<span style="color: black;">选取</span>腹腔镜观点:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手术<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>最<span style="color: black;">善于</span>的方式<span style="color: black;">始终</span>都是宫颈癌手术最好的方式,或最好的方式之一。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">腹腔镜手术<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>宫颈癌(尤其是肿瘤<2cm或锥切后)来讲<span style="color: black;">始终</span>都是最好的治疗手段。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>局限性晚期宫颈癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,应该首选放化疗;<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">青年</span>的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>手术的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,尤其是接受NACT的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>应该开腹手术<span style="color: black;">针对</span>IB2期宫颈癌,尤其是特殊类型的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,开腹手术应该首选。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宫颈癌的手术治疗NEW复发的危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1)淋巴结受累 2)切缘阳性 3)宫旁受累4)脉管浸润 5)深层浸润 6 )肿瘤大 7 )不良类型</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">☠.盆腔放疗后复发中位<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率6-9个月</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">☠.再次强调首治<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性</p>
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