癌症知识扫盲，癌症会传染吗？
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">癌症不会传染</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">健康人是不会从癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>那里“传染”癌症的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">迄今为止，暂时还<span style="color: black;">无</span>证据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>亲密接触、<span style="color: black;">出现</span>性<span style="color: black;">行径</span>、接吻、触摸、共用饭菜、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>相同的空气等，会使癌症从一个人传播到另一个人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的癌细胞<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法在其他健康的人的<span style="color: black;">身体</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>，健康的人的免疫系统会识别外来细胞并将其摧毁。退一万步说，就算是有外来的癌细胞入侵你的<span style="color: black;">身体</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被你的免疫系统干掉了。</p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">器官移植过程中的癌症转移</h3>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-8b09d8d99a90bfc614d3626141df2c49_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>在某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，在器官移植的手术中，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>移植器官是来自癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，当该器官<span style="color: black;">移植</span>正<span style="color: black;">一般人</span>的<span style="color: black;">身体</span>后，有可能会<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>后者的癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>是有一个前提<span style="color: black;">前提</span>的——在进行移植手术之前，器官接收人<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>能够削弱人体免疫系统的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">那在做器官移植手术室能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>不<span style="color: black;">运用</span>类似的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>呢？<span style="color: black;">这般</span>人体的免疫系统<span style="color: black;">无</span>被削弱，就能杀死外来的癌细胞了？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">很遗憾，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>移植器官的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>不<span style="color: black;">运用</span>类似的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，身体可能会对外来的器官产生排异反应，换句话说，免疫系统会把移植过来的细胞视为入侵者，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>把<span style="color: black;">移植</span>器官干掉。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然，虽然有这种现象，但<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上，这中<span style="color: black;">经过</span>器官移植带来癌症的病历相当的少，几率相对非常低。<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>会对器官捐献者进行仔细的筛查，从而降低（当然，最好是杜绝）这种<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">器官移植后的癌症<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span></h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近期<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>，即使在器官捐献者未患癌症，进行器官移植手术的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中患癌率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>比未移植人员的患癌率更高。换句话说，似乎这种手术本身就有<span style="color: black;">加强</span>患癌率的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其<span style="color: black;">原由</span>似乎<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>了降低移植排异<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>，移植手术后免疫系统被<span style="color: black;">控制</span>的时间越长、<span style="color: black;">功效</span>越<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>接受移植手术人员的患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>就越高。类似<span style="color: black;">药品</span>使免疫系统<span style="color: black;">没</span>法识别和攻击可能产生癌变细胞，以及可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>癌症的病毒。</p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">怀孕<span style="color: black;">时期</span>的癌症转移</h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">孕妇在孕期<span style="color: black;">身患</span>癌症，很少会直接影响胎儿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有些癌症<span style="color: black;">能够</span>从母亲传播到胎盘，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">不可</span>影响胎儿本身。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在极<span style="color: black;">少许</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，黑色素瘤（一种皮肤癌）会扩散到胎盘和胎儿。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">细菌会传染</h2>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-2ac7f37b33f813b38fabb076faa7924a_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>，细菌（尤其是细菌和病毒）<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>性，接吻，触摸，<span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">摄食</span>等<span style="color: black;">行径</span>在人与人之间传播。有些细菌<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>空气来传播。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的免疫系统<span style="color: black;">一般</span>较弱（尤其是在接受治疗时），这使得<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法很好地抵抗感染。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，细菌对癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的威胁，要比对普通人的威胁要大得多。</p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">1. 病毒</h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，部分特定类型的病毒和癌症之间有较强的<span style="color: black;">相关</span>性，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>：</p>某些类型的HPV病毒(人乳头瘤病毒)与子宫颈癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、阴茎癌、肛门癌以及某些口腔、咽喉，头部、颈部<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的癌症<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。当然，烟、酒和其他<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">病患</span>这些癌症的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。EBV病毒(爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒)与鼻子和咽喉(鼻咽)癌、胃淋巴瘤、及其他类型的淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。HBV(乙肝病毒)和HCV(丙肝病毒)与慢性肝脏感染<span style="color: black;">关联</span>，这会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>患肝癌（肝细胞癌）的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。HHV-8(人疱疹病毒-8)，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为卡波西肉瘤疱疹病毒（或KSHV），与一种<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为卡波西肉瘤的癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。HTLV-1（人类T淋巴细胞白血病病毒1型）与某些类型的淋巴细胞性白血病和非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。在感染了艾滋病毒（HIV）的人群中，浸润性宫颈癌、卡波济肉瘤和某些淋巴瘤更为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，这种病毒会削弱免疫系统并<span style="color: black;">引起</span>艾滋病。在许多与HIV<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的癌症中，其他病毒（例如HHV-8或HPV）在癌症的生长和发展中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>起着<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些病毒<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在人与人之间传播（<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>血液或性传播），但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>只是单纯的病毒感染<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫系统的削弱，其他感染，其他危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>（如吸烟）和其他健康问题的综合影响，是的人员<span style="color: black;">更易</span>诱发癌症。</p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">2. 细菌</h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">细菌<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">幽门螺杆菌是一种人体<span style="color: black;">平常</span>细菌，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>已知与胃中的某些癌症<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。这些细菌的<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>感染会损害胃部粘膜并<span style="color: black;">增多</span>患胃癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">3. 寄生虫</h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">某些<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在人<span style="color: black;">身体</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>的寄生虫<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>患某些癌症的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在美国或其他发达国家很少<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>可致癌的寄生虫，但有些寄生虫与膀胱癌，胆管癌以及其他<span style="color: black;">有些</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">4. DNA的突变会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症</h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>癌症都不<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>传统<span style="color: black;">道理</span>上的传染原<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症的产生是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>DNA中<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了突变（或变异），这种DNA的变异有可能被后代所继承。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">迄今为止，还<span style="color: black;">分部</span>找到确切的<span style="color: black;">引起</span>DNA变异的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。大部分变异的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>未知，有些是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>暴露在环境中而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的，如阳光暴晒或香烟的烟雾。已知某些病毒<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>DNA变异，从而诱发癌症。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，有部分细菌能够<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">诱发</span>慢性炎症或削弱人体免疫系统，从而间接诱发癌症。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">科学<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>，癌症不会传染</h2>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-b2c3060a527efd0d19b10650b71da894_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>癌症像流感<span style="color: black;">同样</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>传染性的话，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就能<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>各样的传播媒介患上流行性的癌症。那样的话，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的家人、<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>、<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">由于</span>暴露于癌症传染环境下而患癌。这当然是不可能的事情了，哈哈。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>许在现实中，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>某些家庭可能会更频繁地患癌，但这并<span style="color: black;">表率</span>家庭成员之间<span style="color: black;">已然</span>相互传播了癌症。<span style="color: black;">出现</span>这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">是由于</span>其他<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的：</p><span style="color: black;">类似</span>的遗传基因。类似的不健康生活环境（不健康<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>、吸烟、酗酒等）家庭成员可能都暴露于相同的致癌剂（装修的甲醛污染等）<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有人指出直接或间接接触过的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的人群，其患癌率更高。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，这些人群并<span style="color: black;">无</span>比<span style="color: black;">通常</span>随机调查中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的患癌率更高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在极<span style="color: black;">少许</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，这类人群中确实存在更高的患癌率，但<span style="color: black;">没</span>法确定到底是有余环境<span style="color: black;">原因</span>和文化<span style="color: black;">原因</span>（例如<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>和生活方式）<span style="color: black;">可否</span>与<span style="color: black;">目的</span>人群<span style="color: black;">没</span>关。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的人文关怀</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">即使在今天，癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的亲朋好友有时<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会远离<span style="color: black;">她们</span>，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>经常感到孤单和孤独。但<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">并不</span>必远离<span style="color: black;">她们</span>，和<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>是不会传染癌症。</p>
哈哈、笑死我了、太搞笑了吧等。
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