2022年,中国癌症会有什么变化?专家预测:排名前5的是……
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">▎药明康德内容团队编辑</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症,是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的死亡<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。2020年,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>新发癌症1930万例,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>近1000万人死亡;<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">每5人中就有1人将在其<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>中患癌症;每8名男性、每11名女性中就有1人将因癌症而死亡。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但幸运的是,随着癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>、预防、治疗和护理方面的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,<span style="color: black;">有些</span>国家的癌症发病率和死亡率<span style="color: black;">显著</span>降低。那在中国,<strong style="color: blue;">癌症发病率和死亡率的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>、趋势是<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>的?又有<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>在影响?<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>应该采取<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>降低癌症的发病率和死亡率呢?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">针对这些问题,来自<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">中国国家癌症中心/中国医学科学院肿瘤医院</span></strong>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员进行了一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果<span style="color: black;">发布</span>于《中华医学杂志(英文版)》(Chinese Medical Journal),<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">通讯作者为陈万青教授</span></strong>。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icZklJrRfHgBwvspUjRBlnjK2cTka4uxj9NV9iaxibCib6jSuuYe4BB8Buc3KKicrARbicfceo3pl1bzqcnJ9oI6XjFw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图 | 123RF</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2022年,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">中国将新发癌症约482万例,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>321万人死亡</span></strong>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中国肝癌、胃癌和食管癌<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>将减少,但<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺和前列腺的<span style="color: black;">包袱</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span></span></strong>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">癌症预防和护理方面的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,以及积极应对人口老龄化的<span style="color: black;">办法</span></span></strong>,可能有助于减轻中国的癌症<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2022年中国<span style="color: black;">平常</span>新发和死亡癌症</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员预测,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2022年,中国将新发癌症约482万例,321万人因癌症而死亡</span></strong>。肺癌仍是最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的新发癌症,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">引起</span>死亡的最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2022年,<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5大新发癌症</span></strong>是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肺癌</span></strong>(87万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌</span></strong>(59万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">胃癌</span></strong>(51万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肝癌</span></strong>(43万)和<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">乳腺癌</span></strong>(43万);<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5大致死癌症</span></strong>是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肺癌</span></strong>(77万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肝癌</span></strong>(41万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">胃癌</span></strong>(40万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">食管癌</span></strong>(32万)和<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌</span></strong>(31万)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">男性新发癌症和死亡人数<span style="color: black;">显著</span>高于女性</span></strong>,<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>新发和死亡癌症的类型<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有很大区别。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">在男性中</span></strong>,预计将<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">新发癌症263万,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>194万人死亡</span></strong>。最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">新发癌症</span></strong>是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肺癌</span></strong>(58万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">胃癌</span></strong>(35万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌</span></strong>(34万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肝癌</span></strong>(32万)和<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">食管癌</span></strong>(24万)。最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">致死癌症</span></strong>是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肺癌</span></strong>(51万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肝癌</span></strong>(30万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">胃癌</span></strong>(27万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">食管癌</span></strong>(22万)和<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌</span></strong>(18万)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">在女性中</span></strong>,预计将<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">新发癌症220万,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>126万人死亡</span></strong>。最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">新发癌症</span></strong>是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">乳腺癌</span></strong>(43万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肺癌</span></strong>(30万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌</span></strong>(25万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺癌</span></strong>(17万)和<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">胃癌</span></strong>(16万)。最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">致死癌症</span></strong>是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肺癌</span></strong>(26万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌</span></strong>(13万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">胃癌</span></strong>(13万)、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">乳腺癌</span></strong>(12万)和<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肝癌</span></strong>(11万)。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icZklJrRfHgBwvspUjRBlnjK2cTka4uxj1mjfGsBGBl7VKTld9JqfkEaicQ84TEOibTcaleVFkRbozpZfGm2vxgSg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图 | 123RF</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症发病率、死亡率趋势和影响<span style="color: black;">原因</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">自2000 年<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">中国癌症新发和死亡人数<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span></span></strong>。整体上看,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">中国癌谱正<span style="color: black;">处在</span>从发展中国家向发达国家过渡的<span style="color: black;">周期</span></span></strong>,其特点是<strong style="color: blue;">肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌有着较高的发病率</strong>。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员认为,发病和死亡人数<span style="color: black;">增多</span>与<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">生活方式的变化、成年人数量<span style="color: black;">增多</span>和人口老龄化</span></strong>等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>有着很大<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">男性和女性</span></strong>中,<strong style="color: blue;">胃癌、肝癌、食管癌</strong>的发病率和死亡率近年来<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>下降。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,在<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">男性中</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">结直肠癌和前列腺癌</strong>的发病率<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>;在<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">女性中</span></strong>,自2000 年<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">乳腺癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、宫颈癌、胰腺癌和卵巢癌</strong>等7种<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌症的发病率均有所<span style="color: black;">提升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,自2000 年<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">中国甲状腺癌的死亡率尽管仍保持稳定,但发病率均急剧<span style="color: black;">提升</span></span></strong>。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员认为这与人们健康<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>,<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的人进行了颈部超声等<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,以及<span style="color: black;">检测</span>仪器更加<span style="color: black;">精细</span>等<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与此<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的5年相对<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">始终</span>在<span style="color: black;">增多</span></span></strong>,从2003-2005年的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">30.9%</span></strong><span style="color: black;">加强</span>到 2012-2015年的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">40.5%</span></strong>,这与癌症的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>预防、筛查,以及治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>的改进有着很大<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,与其它发达国家相比,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span>特定类型癌症的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率仍有待<span style="color: black;">加强</span></span></strong>,如乳腺癌和结直肠癌等。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icZklJrRfHgBwvspUjRBlnjK2cTka4uxjHCABsUTqAHZxEw0libRicuPHibnzHucJtwBjCz2iaTdf0ICvgesmy1sSxA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图 | 123RF</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>降低癌症的发病率和死亡率</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>指出,在可预见的<span style="color: black;">将来</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">人口老龄化很可能<span style="color: black;">作为</span>中国的一个<span style="color: black;">重点</span>社会特征</span></strong>。中国是世界上老龄化人口增长最快的国家之一。<span style="color: black;">截止</span>2020年底,中国60岁及以上人口为2.6亿,预计在2021-2025年每年<span style="color: black;">增多</span>约1000万,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">到2035年60岁及以上人口比例将超过30%。</span></strong>人口老龄化继续加剧,<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着中国癌症<span style="color: black;">包袱</span><span style="color: black;">提升</span>的趋势可能保持不变。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span>将健康老龄化战略纳入癌症预防中,并在政策制定中加强多<span style="color: black;">分部</span>合作。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">中国癌谱正在<span style="color: black;">出现</span>变化,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>45-74岁的高危人群要<span style="color: black;">即时</span>参与到癌症的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查和检测中</span></strong>,如结直肠癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、宫颈癌和上消化道癌等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">所有人都要<span style="color: black;">保持</span>癌症的一级预防<span style="color: black;">办法</span></span></strong>。在中国20岁及以上成年人中,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">大约 45.2%的癌症死亡可归因于5大类、23种可改变的<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span></span></strong>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4种<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span></span></strong>,吸烟、二手烟、饮酒和缺乏身体活动;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7种<span style="color: black;">膳食</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span></span></strong>,<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>食用量低、蔬菜食用量低、膳食纤维摄入量低、红肉食用量高、膳食钙摄入不足、加工肉类食用量高和腌制蔬菜食用量高;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2种代谢<span style="color: black;">原因</span></span></strong>,<span style="color: black;">过重</span>和<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>,糖尿病;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2种环境<span style="color: black;">原因</span></span></strong>,紫外线照射和PM2.5空气污染;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8种传染<span style="color: black;">原因</span></span></strong>,幽门螺杆菌、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(EBV)、华支睾吸虫和人疱疹病毒8(HHV-8)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">针对这23种可改变的危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,<span style="color: black;">保持</span>癌症一级预防<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,以<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">行径</span>、<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>、代谢和环境<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,预防感染</span></strong>,将在降低癌症发病和死亡方面发挥巨大<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>和<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">采取综合策略</span></strong>。以宫颈癌为例,世界卫生组织认为,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">宫颈癌是有望<span style="color: black;">作为</span>首个在<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>范围内消除的癌症</span></strong>。但中国宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率自2000年<span style="color: black;">败兴</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>采取综合策略,<span style="color: black;">包含</span><strong style="color: blue;">HPV疫苗接种、宫颈筛查、浸润前病变和浸润癌的治疗等</strong>,以实现消除宫颈癌的目的。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icZklJrRfHgBwvspUjRBlnjK2cTka4uxj2z1GI9RPVjjnnF9Gpmvw9SY2RxO1ic01EKhibKhicOkdX99H3INmibTz3Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图 | 123RF</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">小结</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员指出,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">中国癌症新发和死亡人数在<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,迫切<span style="color: black;">必须</span>针对性的癌症<span style="color: black;">干涉</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span></span></strong>。除了要关注和应对人口老龄化、<span style="color: black;">起步</span>某些癌症的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>外,还应<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">实施<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>、更全面的预防策略</span></strong>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span><strong style="color: blue;">健康教育,传播<span style="color: black;">相关</span>癌症的基本知识,倡导健康的生活方式,实施有效的筛查,开展疫苗接种计划以及<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>烟草等</strong>,以减轻癌症<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考文献</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> Xia, Changfa, et al.,(2022). Cancer statistics in China and United States, 2022: profiles, trends, and determinants. Chinese Medical Journal, DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002108.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> Cancer incidence in China and the USA: Scientists discuss changing and converging trends. Retrieved Apr 1 ,2022,from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-cancer-incidence-china-usa-scientists.html</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">免责声明:药明康德内容团队专注介绍<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>生物医药健康<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>。本文仅作信息交流之目的,文中观点不<span style="color: black;">表率</span>药明康德立场,<span style="color: black;">也</span>不<span style="color: black;">表率</span>药明康德支持或反对文中观点。本文<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>。如需<span style="color: black;">得到</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">指点</span>,请前往正规医院就诊。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文经授权转载自<strong style="color: blue;">健康榨知机</strong>(ID:<strong style="color: blue;">ey_global</strong>),如需二次转载请联系原作者。</p>
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