【盘点】2015年癌症行业突破性科研TOP10
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span>，<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们在揭示癌症发病机制、<span style="color: black;">研发</span>治疗和预防癌症新型<span style="color: black;">办法</span>上花费了<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的精力，随着<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的深入及多种机制的<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们让癌症变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>一种可控的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>，来自美国德州农工健康科学中心<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所的<span style="color: black;">专家</span>就<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>西兰花中名为萝卜硫素的提取物或许<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>治疗癌症；又有<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>冥想<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>癌症的治疗；诸如<span style="color: black;">这般</span>积极的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>非常之多，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>机体的其它组分或许会影响癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>一篇<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在Science上的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>报告中，来自法国的<span style="color: black;">专家</span>就<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肠道微生物竟然<span style="color: black;">能够</span>影响癌症免疫治疗效果。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2015年马上就要结束了，这一年里<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们在癌症<span style="color: black;">行业</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>突破性的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>呢？<span style="color: black;">博主</span>盘点了2015年的10大亮点<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【1】<a style="color: black;">一滴血 诊断癌症</a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">来自阿姆斯特丹VUMC癌症中心的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">把握</span>了一个突破性技术——在<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>单滴血检测<span style="color: black;">区别</span>类型的癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>扫描和组织活检来检测癌症，这些<span style="color: black;">办法</span>非常耗时、<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>并且昂贵，如CT扫描<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>大的肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>肿瘤。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>血液检测癌症的<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“液体活检”，它最大的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>是可以在<span style="color: black;">初期</span>检测出癌细胞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">首席<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员Tom Würdinger和他的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>血液中的血小板<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>特殊的RNA标记，这<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>进行针对特定肿瘤的DNA的操作。血小板的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>是<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>血液正常凝固，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">近期</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>，血小板<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在癌症肿瘤增长和转移中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>起着<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的血小板含有特定标记的RNA，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>区分96%的健康个体和<span style="color: black;">身患</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>类型的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【2】<a style="color: black;">JPCB：红辣椒<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>治疗癌症了？</a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">辣椒碱是辣椒中让人灼烧的一种化合物，其<span style="color: black;">一般</span>用于乳膏剂中<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>缓解<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，而近来有<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>高剂量的辣椒碱<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>杀灭前列腺癌细胞；如今刊登在国际杂志The Journal of Physical Chemistry B上的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>论文中，来自国外的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了新型线索或可<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>解释<span style="color: black;">为么</span>辣椒碱<span style="color: black;">能够</span>杀灭前列腺癌细胞，<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果或可<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">研发</span>治疗前列腺癌的新型疗法。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大约在10年前就有<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，辣椒碱<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>杀灭小鼠机体中的前列腺癌细胞，但对健康细胞<span style="color: black;">没</span>害；<span style="color: black;">经过</span>转化成适合人类的剂量或许<span style="color: black;">必须</span>个体<span style="color: black;">每日</span>都进行<span style="color: black;">海量</span>辣椒的摄入；而揭示辣椒碱的工作机理就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">研发</span>出新型以注射或药片形式的治疗前列腺癌的特效<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【3】<a style="color: black;">Nature：肿瘤<span style="color: black;">控制</span>蛋白竟驱动恶性癌症</a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>，来自宾夕法尼亚大学等处的<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，恶性肿瘤的生长及DNA序列未<span style="color: black;">出现</span>改变的基因活性的变化<span style="color: black;">常常</span>和突变的p53蛋白质直接<span style="color: black;">关联</span>，<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果刊登于国际著名杂志Nature上，该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>或为<span style="color: black;">研发</span>应对难以治疗的癌症的新型策略<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TP53是所有人类癌症中频繁突变的基因，其<span style="color: black;">能够</span>编码一种名为p53的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">控制</span>蛋白，p53<span style="color: black;">一般</span>会<span style="color: black;">经过</span>调节细胞分裂的循环来<span style="color: black;">控制</span>肿瘤，而p53蛋白<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">经过</span>维持细胞快速生长和分裂来完成<span style="color: black;">控制</span>癌症的目的。当DNA<span style="color: black;">损害</span>时，p53就会产生一系列<span style="color: black;">守护</span>效应来修复细胞DNA<span style="color: black;">损害</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">损害</span>过于严重就会<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>细胞死亡，而TP53基因的突变<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会破坏其正常的功能，并且使得携带<span style="color: black;">损害</span>DNA的细胞继续分裂，直至<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了理解突变的p53功能<span style="color: black;">得到</span>（gain-of-function，GOF）<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>发挥<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员调查了携带<span style="color: black;">区别</span>类型p53 GOF替代氨基酸的病人机体肿瘤衍生的癌细胞系的功能，来观察这些突变形式的p53会结合到癌细胞基因组的<span style="color: black;">那些</span>位置。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【4】<a style="color: black;">Cell：全体生物请<span style="color: black;">重视</span>，有癌症<span style="color: black;">能够</span>传染扩散！</a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌细胞是不会传染的，这是生物学的一个默认公知。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>这一常识<span style="color: black;">已然</span>在北美的东海岸被打破，一种致命的白血病样的病情<span style="color: black;">已然</span>从加拿大爱德华王子岛一路蔓延到纽约州。这可能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>在水中自由漂浮的癌细胞，肆意在软壳蛤中传染。美国哥伦比亚大学的Stephen Goff，形容这种癌症的广泛传播是“<span style="color: black;">处在</span>超级转移状态，能扩散到全新的动物”。这篇<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发布</span>在本周Cell杂志。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症，<span style="color: black;">做为</span>有机体的生命周期中的体细胞突变<span style="color: black;">累积</span>的结果，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不会传染或传输给其</p>
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