治愈艾滋的5个方向!
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-0b8fab755cb7c16ca1a430dcae480d7c_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">红枫湾APP:在今年的国际艾滋病大会上,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员对艾滋治愈<span style="color: black;">发展</span>做了总结。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然艾滋治愈<span style="color: black;">药品</span>可能还需<span style="color: black;">数年</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>,但<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员对治愈方向已有了更清晰的认识,<span style="color: black;">不消</span>再像以前那样<span style="color: black;">一直</span>尝试。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">找到艾滋病毒库</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是艾滋治愈<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的核心主题。从前人们<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>HIV能在<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>治疗后消失。但当<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>HIV会<span style="color: black;">隐匿</span>并变成病毒库后,这一<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>就破灭了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽管<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员对病毒库的理解比以前多,但<span style="color: black;">她们</span>仍不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">那些</span>细胞会更易<span style="color: black;">作为</span>病毒库。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>艾滋病毒是有缺陷的,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>产生新病毒,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>是纯粹的偶然<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,还是特定<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">促进</span>艾滋病毒<span style="color: black;">显现</span>缺陷。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>好<span style="color: black;">信息</span>是,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">最终</span>能区分普通记忆T细胞,和藏有HIV DNA的记忆T细胞,以及它们的遗传状态,这是一个重大进步。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">精英或治疗后<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>者</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>的治愈病例,基本都用干细胞移植技术。但现<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,该技术<span style="color: black;">没</span>法推广,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>更可行的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>缓解,而不是根除。有些不需抗病毒治疗,就能完全<span style="color: black;">控制</span>艾滋病毒的人,被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为精英<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>者。尽管这种病例很罕见,但<span style="color: black;">按照</span>其特点<span style="color: black;">开发</span>的治疗性疫苗已小有成果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>超级精英<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>者,与其他精英<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>者相比,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的CD8细胞对艾滋病毒有很强的反应,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的CD8细胞对可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的<span style="color: black;">各样</span>艾滋病毒变种<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>,避免了普通精英<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>者身上的炎症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与精英<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>者相比,治疗后<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>者的人数可能<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在艾滋感染初期相对正常,但当<span style="color: black;">她们</span>停止抗病毒治疗后,病毒却<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>反弹。据<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员推测,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>在接受抗病毒治疗的人中,有14%或2%可能是治疗后<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>者。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>今年大会上<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的巴塞罗那女性,她在停止抗病毒治疗后,15年来<span style="color: black;">始终</span>保持着病毒<span style="color: black;">控制</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">儿童艾滋治愈<span style="color: black;">科研</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在今年大会上,一位13岁南非男孩<span style="color: black;">导致</span>了人们的<span style="color: black;">重视</span>,他<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是治疗后<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>者,在停药后他保持病毒<span style="color: black;">控制</span>长达8.5年。这名儿童在出生后不久就进行了抗病毒治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员认为,展开儿童艾滋治愈<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>儿童<span style="color: black;">持有</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的未分化“初生”T细胞,而不是效应T细胞。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在感染后快速接受抗病毒治疗,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>在童年期,随着细胞分化死亡,潜在的艾滋病毒库<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会缩小。这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着,它可能<span style="color: black;">更易</span>让儿童<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的HIV,达到深层且不可逆的<span style="color: black;">隐藏</span>状态。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">逆转或延续<span style="color: black;">隐藏</span>期</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">逆转或延续对应的技术被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“踢杀”和“挡锁”。“踢杀”旨在逆转<span style="color: black;">隐藏</span>的艾滋病毒,“挡锁”则正相反,旨在让病毒库永久<span style="color: black;">隐藏</span>,且<span style="color: black;">没</span>法产<span style="color: black;">患病</span>毒。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这两种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>都没听起来<span style="color: black;">那样</span>容易实现。“踢杀”仍是一种正在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的技术,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>正<span style="color: black;">处在</span>“杀”的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。“挡锁”的问题是,尽管有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>可<span style="color: black;">控制</span>基因表达,但很难有一种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>可在停用很久后,仍能让HIV基因永久锁定。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫移植的替代品</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">正如前面<span style="color: black;">说到</span>的,<span style="color: black;">全部</span>免疫系统移植不是一种可行的治愈<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,它只能在<span style="color: black;">少许</span>人身上进行。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许有更温和的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>能修改免疫系统,从而降低T细胞对HIV的反应,停止正在进行的复制,耗尽病毒库。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在体外改造T细胞,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>再重新引入人体并不是一项新技术,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员在2011年<span style="color: black;">已然</span>进行了尝试。事实证明,维持改造T细胞的数量很困难,但这一方向的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>仍在进行,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它是最接近治愈的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
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