第5例艾滋病病人被“治愈”!人类最后能处理艾滋病了吗?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SoJUe7QdpBA6ZKGQL6KtQSLoojKorUPNQ00a8PLevQcZKmoDJVLic8RNpVaiaib3yBPP1IZGXMPibicwcOibXkTN9ribg/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">撰稿 Taola | 排版 Nina | 校对 Ac</span></p><span style="color: black;">当地时间7月29日至8月2日,加拿大蒙特利尔即将召开</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">第二十四届国际艾滋病大会(IAS 2022)是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的艾滋病工作会议。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">会议中<span style="color: black;">艾滋病联合规划署(UNAIDS)</span>将<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>关于<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>艾滋病毒新一系列数据并进行讨论。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6ag6zJgPfcpBsIeOmqJFE5yLpMsj6naj9ROzdhcqiaOqM6oGRwKBq29TdbY1nZkyibiaojs9CWbmagUcnEnlFAxgA/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6ag6zJgPfcpBsIeOmqJFE5yLpMsj6najWI9kGzgH5O6RkoCfrGR3Bg6lFdwUrZLGvcjvXjtAqqHAwWAo7gvtTw/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">01</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第5例艾滋病治愈病例的<span style="color: black;">显现</span></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">7月27日周三,国际艾滋病大会(IAS 2022)预备会议中,美国<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城(City of Hope)医学中心的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员报告<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,一名</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">66岁的男性艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,在接受含有罕见突变的造血干细胞移植后,<span style="color: black;">没</span>需继续<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>抗病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>缓解。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">这名男子可能<span style="color: black;">作为</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">第5例被治愈的艾滋病病毒感染者。</strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/zkMSVtyJheQdXMlmawPKHNAo70s8aibzPVuSJIshD9Z3ZwJWveQTMzg8efz1uZ7bemkKY7pIzqYRZRMMPRN5JDw/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">“1988年,当时我<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>被HIV感染时,和许多其他人的想法<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,我认为这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>对我宣判了死刑,没想到我还活着,我的<span style="color: black;">身体</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>HIV病毒了,”<span style="color: black;">病人</span>说道。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">据说</span>,早在1986年3月美国食品<span style="color: black;">药品</span>管理局(FDA)<span style="color: black;">准许</span>了</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>个抗逆转录病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,叠氮胸苷(AZT)全<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>Azidothymidine</strong></span><span style="color: black;">,用于艾滋<span style="color: black;">病人</span>临床治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">该<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>艾滋病病毒的逆转录酶的活性,从而对艾滋病病毒的增殖有较强的<span style="color: black;">控制</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span>能缓解症状以及延缓病程的发展,但<span style="color: black;">没</span>法根治。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">直到1990年代中期,艾滋病联合<span style="color: black;">公司</span>推出了联合疗法(Combination Therapies),<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被人们<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“鸡尾酒疗法”——即结合两到三种抗病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,以两种核苷类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>联合一种非核苷类药物,<span style="color: black;">或</span>是(联合一种)酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂进行联合治疗,以<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治疗效果并<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>防止<span style="color: black;">病人</span>对<span style="color: black;">药品</span>产生耐药性。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>为止,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">联合治疗法是治疗艾滋病的<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">这名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城<span style="color: black;">病人</span>”(City of Hope patient),<span style="color: black;">由于</span>他<span style="color: black;">始终</span>在洛杉矶的医疗中心接受治疗。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">他曾<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>抗逆转录病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>超过31年来<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>他的艾滋病毒</strong></span><span style="color: black;">,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>AZT和其他<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>艾滋病<span style="color: black;">药品</span>等。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">最后</span>,仍旧被确诊为艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(<span style="color: black;">得到</span>性免疫缺陷综合症),这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着他的白细胞数量<span style="color: black;">已然</span>下降到非常低的水平。</span><span style="color: black;">2018年,“<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城<span style="color: black;">病人</span>”患上了急性髓系白血病(AML),这是一种在老年HIV<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中更为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的白血病,骨髓中<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的原始细胞、不成熟细胞<span style="color: black;">海量</span>增殖,将<span style="color: black;">控制</span>正常的造血功能。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">干细胞移植<span style="color: black;">做为</span>治疗AML的常用<span style="color: black;">办法</span>之一</strong></span><span style="color: black;">,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们决定为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行干细胞移植。</span><span style="color: black;">在进行治疗时,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们特意<span style="color: black;">选取</span>了一位</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">携带着罕见基因突变的捐献者。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">产生的突变被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为CCR5 delta 32,即CCR5蛋白的基因上携带的突变让CCR5蛋白<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>表达,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">CCR5突变阻断了HIV病毒进入细胞的途径,从而阻止了HIV病毒的复制,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>对HIV病毒产生抗体。</strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6ag6zJgPfcpBsIeOmqJFE5yLpMsj6najH12f8Bu4hSOlJN07zdCZTicq7Bev14AI8SibSF5ibkx8ZkgsCc9LPHeqw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图中为CCR5 delta 32<span style="color: black;">控制</span>HIV病毒原理。<span style="color: black;">照片</span>源于网络,版权属于原作者。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在在接受携带CCR5突变的干细胞移植手术后,这些变异的抗艾滋病毒细胞稳步接管了他身体的免疫系统。2021年3月,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>团队决定让<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>停止<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>抗逆转病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">直至今日,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">该<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>停止<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>抗艾滋病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>超过17个月,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>仍旧对其身体进行了监测,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>他的<span style="color: black;">身体</span>都<span style="color: black;">无</span>再<span style="color: black;">显现</span>艾滋病病毒复制的迹象。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>治愈了急性髓系白血病(AML),HIV病毒<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>存活的痕迹。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/khw0fcuC2vfSYQU7ytKWyXyyoDfuOOkGKqB2ZK4hShDPRqsH4vqVehgLz2R1n5LcNvPECY7X2wLzmuBzaGWKjQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">(<span style="color: black;">源自</span>NBC news)</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,将继续监测该<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的健康状态,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>他的<span style="color: black;">情况</span>仍旧保持不变,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>则</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的某个时间点,将正式宣布他被“正式治愈”</span></strong><span style="color: black;">。</span><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城<span style="color: black;">病人</span>”的临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>Jana K. Dickter<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,这名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的治疗结果<span style="color: black;">针对</span>HIV病毒<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>深远<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">“他是所有接受干细胞移植的</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>中最年长的一名</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,且HIV感染时间最长,接受的免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>疗法强度最低。这为<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>艾滋病和白血病的老年<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了新机会。”</span><span style="color: black;">世界领先的艾滋病<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员之一,哥伦比亚大学亚伦·戴蒙德艾滋病<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中心<span style="color: black;">专家</span>大卫·D·何(David D. Ho)<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,“<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城<span style="color: black;">病人</span>病情和之前的’柏林病人’非常<span style="color: black;">类似</span>,并非<span style="color: black;">第1</span>例经过干细胞移植治愈的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。然而,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到移植过程的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和艾滋病毒耐药突变的罕见性,这种治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>对大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>艾滋病毒患者<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>是不适用的。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">”</span><span style="color: black;">澳大利亚墨尔本大学(University of Melbourne)彼得·多赫蒂感染与免疫<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所(Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity)的传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>专家莎伦·列文(Sharon Lewin)博士<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,“虽然对大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>艾滋病毒感染者<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,移植并是不适用,但这些病例仍然<span style="color: black;">特别有</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span>,仍然鼓舞人心,并为<span style="color: black;">专家</span>寻找治愈<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了启发。”</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">02</span></strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">HIV功能性治愈</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">2022年国际艾滋病大会(IAS 2022)预备会议中,除了“<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城<span style="color: black;">病人</span>”案例被提出外,由西班牙<span style="color: black;">专家</span>提出的一名</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">接受免疫<span style="color: black;">加强</span>疗法<span style="color: black;">做为</span>临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的艾滋病女<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,她<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的免疫系统<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>了艾滋病毒复制超过15年,即HIV功能性治愈。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">该名女<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在<span style="color: black;">身体</span>查出HIV病毒后不久,在她59岁时被确诊<span style="color: black;">身患</span>艾滋病。她于2006年在巴萨罗那参加了一项</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">抗逆转录病毒治疗的(PHI)临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">当时,巴塞罗那大学医院诊所的生物学家Núria Climent为她介绍了</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">免疫<span style="color: black;">加强</span>疗法,</strong></span><span style="color: black;">她被随机分配接受为期11个月的四种疗法,旨在<span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫系统以更好地对抗病毒。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6ag6zJgPfcpBsIeOmqJFE5yLpMsj6najeSB7cXicbbibwyVBSMQrCQ5wblbcXKX7tQbbvjAs2MIasnkbIFta2Jow/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图中数据来自www.nbcnews.com。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受9个月的抗逆转录病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗后,</span><span style="color: black;">Climent和<span style="color: black;">科研</span>小组决定,停止她的治疗。巴塞罗那诊所的艾滋病毒<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>胡安·安布罗西尼<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>(Dr. Juan Ambrosioni)说,”随着时间的推移,她的身体<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上更有效地<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>了病毒。”</span></span><span style="color: black;">与<span style="color: black;">少许</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>干细胞移植治愈的艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>,她的<span style="color: black;">身体</span>仍旧携带<span style="color: black;">能够</span>复制的HIV病毒,但她的<span style="color: black;">身体</span>存在两种高水平的免疫细胞:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">CD8阳性T细胞(</span><span style="color: black;">CD8 gamma-delta T cells</span><span style="color: black;">)和自然杀伤细胞(NK cells),<span style="color: black;">能够</span>让<span style="color: black;">身体</span>免疫系统<span style="color: black;">已然</span>成功<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>HIV病毒水平长达15年。</span></strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6ag6zJgPfcpBsIeOmqJFE5yLpMsj6najvpksQGk4lLvvQqjeX1TUMSwHicMpwoiaLs4micK47EFNFN89r5qicU1xpg/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图中为巴塞罗那August Pi i Sunyer生物医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所医院诊所的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员。</span><span style="color: black;">西班牙艾滋病<span style="color: black;">科研</span>小组<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>相信</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">正<span style="color: black;">由于</span>该<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行了<span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫治疗,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>所产生的的<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫系统<span style="color: black;">才可</span>够<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>HIV病毒。她</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的免疫机制与其他在不接受治疗<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下<span style="color: black;">能够</span>由<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫系统<span style="color: black;">控制</span>HIV病毒的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>。过去,曾有<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在未<span style="color: black;">运用</span>任何治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫系统战胜了HIV病毒。</span><span style="color: black;">澳大利亚的Peter Doherty<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所的列文(Lewin)博士<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>还很难判断这名<span style="color: black;">女性</span>所接受的免疫<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>真的<span style="color: black;">引起</span>了她的病情的缓解。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">仍<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>来证实这一治疗法,并确定该治疗法<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>适用于其他艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">胡安·安布罗西尼<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>(Dr. Juan Ambrosioni)<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,“有<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的成功案例真是太好了,<span style="color: black;">将来</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>还要<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,在她的<span style="color: black;">身体</span>都<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了什么,<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>这<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在其他人身上复制。”</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">03</span></strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">曾经被</span>治愈的艾滋病的“幸运儿”</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">近40年<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>人们可知的被治愈或可能被治愈的病例仅有5例。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">直<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>日,人们仍旧“谈艾色变”,这种病毒很难治愈,人体一旦感染艾滋病病毒(HIV),只能靠<span style="color: black;">药品</span>延长生命,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>余生都将携带艾滋病病毒(HIV)。</span><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城”的传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>学专家贾娜·迪克特(Jana Dickter)<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,“艾滋病毒(HIV)是如此难以清除,以至于<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">常常</span>不愿意宣布<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>被治愈,即使<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>任何病毒复制的迹象。在艾滋病毒的世界里,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不会轻易<span style="color: black;">运用</span>‘治愈’这个词,‘治愈’<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的时间和数据来支撑。”</span><span style="color: black;">除了<span style="color: black;">这次</span>2022年国际艾滋病大会(IAS 2022)预备会议中<span style="color: black;">说到</span>的2例病例外,前4例被治愈的艾滋病例分别被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“柏林病人”,“伦敦病人”,“纽约病人”和“旧金山病人”。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">“柏林病人”(Berlin patient),后来已经被人们<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到为蒂莫西·雷·布朗(Timothy Ray Brown),出生于美国西雅图,后前往于柏林读大学,于1995年查出<span style="color: black;">身患</span>艾滋病,年仅25岁。</span><span style="color: black;">2007年2月布朗(Brown)患上急性髓系白血病(AML)。他的主治<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>为夏里特医院的格罗·赫特<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>,边为他进行化疗,边准备为他进行骨髓移植。</span><span style="color: black;">在寻找到配型相符且携带CCR5-δ32突变基因的捐赠者后,他接受了干细胞移植手术,术后他的已检测不出HIV病毒并停止<span style="color: black;">运用</span>抗艾<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。但术后7个月,布朗的急性髓系白血病(AML)复发了,随后进行了第二次骨髓移植。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">他的白血病得到缓解, 艾滋病毒<span style="color: black;">亦</span>得到了<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>,免疫系统并<span style="color: black;">无</span>受损的迹象,艾滋病被认定完全治愈了。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">2020年9月30日,国际艾滋病协会<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>声明说,被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“柏林病人”的</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>首个获治愈的艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">蒂莫西·布朗</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">已因癌症复发去世。</strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6ag6zJgPfcpBsIeOmqJFE5yLpMsj6najB6q7YR3k4AW6iavAzCMIa0FBsUvic8vBwJcxSia5MveU0icXXRYI50eRbw/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图中为“柏林病人”(Berlin patient)蒂莫西·雷·布朗(Timothy Ray Brown)。</span><span style="color: black;">“伦敦病人”(London patient),亚当·卡斯蒂勒霍(Adam Castillejo),于2012年,<span style="color: black;">起始</span>接受当前治疗艾滋病较为<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>——抗逆转录病毒疗法。不久后,查出霍奇金淋巴癌症。</span><span style="color: black;">2016年5月,他<span style="color: black;">亦</span>接受了CCR5delta32骨髓移植手术,并<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了轻度移植物抗宿主反应(GvHD)。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">在接受骨髓移植后16个月停止了抗病毒药,在之后的18个月收集到的临床数据来看,病毒载量消失,该病人很可能<span style="color: black;">作为</span>第2例被治愈的病人。</strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6ag6zJgPfcpBsIeOmqJFE5yLpMsj6najfMCboeItibicYIqMjiaZjCGAouLWeoruNUoJaXN3lFgBgdh4BPfra5GXw/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图中为“伦敦病人”(London patient),亚当·卡斯蒂勒霍(Adam Castillejo)。</span><span style="color: black;">“纽约病人”(New York patient),和此次“<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城<span style="color: black;">病人</span>”(City of Hope patient)病人<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在感染艾滋病毒(HIV)后,<span style="color: black;">身患</span>急性髓系白血病(AML)。在被诊断患上急性髓性白血病时,她<span style="color: black;">已然</span>接受了4年的抗逆转录病毒(ART)治疗以<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的HIV,且效果很好。2017年,她<span style="color: black;">作为</span>首批</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">接受脐带血干细胞移植疗法的<span style="color: black;">病人</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">(单倍体脐带血干细胞移植haplo-cord SCT)。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">到<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>病毒反弹,病毒载量<span style="color: black;">连续</span>检测不到。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">“旧金山病人”(San Francisco patient),和其他<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的是,这位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是一名“精英<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>者”。普通人在感染HIV病毒后,会发展成艾滋病。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">”精英<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>者”的<span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫系统在<span style="color: black;">没</span>需<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,就足以<span style="color: black;">控制</span>HIV病毒,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>抗逆转录病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,就可将其<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>在安全范围内。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">即使在对她的数十亿个细胞进行测序后,<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>找不到任何完整的病毒序列。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>这些“精英<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>者”的数量极少,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的样本对<span style="color: black;">她们</span>特定的基因突进行<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,以<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>治愈艾滋病的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">专家</span>们还<span style="color: black;">报告</span>了过去十年中的几个案例,有些人在感染艾滋病毒后<span style="color: black;">火速</span>就<span style="color: black;">起始</span>接受抗逆转录病毒治疗,后来停药后仍<span style="color: black;">处在</span>抑郁状态</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">数年</span>的病毒缓解状态</span><span style="color: black;">而不会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>病毒反弹。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">04</span></strong></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">艾滋病</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">是一种<span style="color: black;">害处</span>性<span style="color: black;">极重</span>的传<span style="color: black;">患病</span></span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">艾滋病是一种<span style="color: black;">害处</span>性<span style="color: black;">极重</span>的传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>,病毒(HIV)进入人体后,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">攻击人体免疫系统中最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的CD4T淋巴细胞,当免疫系统失去了正常的功能</strong></span><span style="color: black;">,艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>易于感染各类其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,并发恶性肿瘤,病死率较高。</span><span style="color: black;">艾滋病的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>传播途径为3种。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>,经过性传播。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">包含</span>不安全的同性、异性以及双性性接触;</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">第二,经过血液传播。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">包含</span>共用针具、静脉注射毒品、不安全规范的介入性医疗操作等。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">第三,经母婴传播。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">包含</span>宫内感染、分娩和哺乳传播。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6ag6zJgPfcpBsIeOmqJFE5yLpMsj6najB7uLefvvribkia6bibW0iajx972ZRsXL1iaU1H33JLGhQMBlPjWpibANV8Ug/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图中为艾滋病的传播途径,<span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>网络,版权属于原作者。</span><span style="color: black;">艾滋病于1981年首次被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,直<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>日,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们仍旧<span style="color: black;">无</span>找到治愈艾滋病病毒(HIV)的好<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,其中一个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">艾滋病病毒的基因变异太快,<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>论是治疗还是预防都<span style="color: black;">没</span>从下手。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">2020年至2021年,在<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>范围内,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">艾滋病新增感染<span style="color: black;">病人</span>仅下降了3.6%,</strong></span><span style="color: black;">这是自2016年<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>艾滋病毒新增感染人数年度下降最少的一次。在过去几年中,东欧和中亚、中东和北非以及拉丁美洲每年的艾滋病毒感染人数都有所增加。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6ag6zJgPfcpBsIeOmqJFE5yLpMsj6najyebFKMuK2icsP6ayJtfPLMibRaBRyDNbiafHnYkUKonvoMsVlrzz7T6jA/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图中数据<span style="color: black;">源自</span>,www.unaids.com。</span><span style="color: black;">去年,艾滋病新增感染人数约为150万,比<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>高出100多万。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">艾滋病病毒平均每分钟夺走一条生命</strong></span><span style="color: black;">,尽管<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>有效的HIV治疗和预防、检测和治疗机会,但仍有</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">65万人<span style="color: black;">亡于</span>艾滋病。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2021年艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>统计,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>共有3840万人感染了艾滋病毒。150万人<span style="color: black;">作为</span>新的艾滋病毒感染者,65万人<span style="color: black;">亡于</span>艾滋病<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,已有2870万人接受抗逆转录病毒疗法。</span></strong></span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图中数据<span style="color: black;">源自</span>,www.unaids.com。</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图中数据<span style="color: black;">源自</span>,www.unaids.com。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,种族不平等<span style="color: black;">亦</span>加剧了艾滋病<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。在英国和美国,白人人口中艾滋病新诊断的下降幅度大于非洲裔人口。在澳大利亚、加拿大和美国等国家土著社区的艾滋病毒感染率高于非土著社区。</span><span style="color: black;">艾滋病专家预测,<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>的传播路径,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">直到2025年,<span style="color: black;">每年</span>的新增艾滋病感染者人数将超过120万</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">——联合国艾滋委会设定的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>是新增感染人数少于37万。这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着感染人数可能超出三</span><span style="color: black;">倍,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>艾滋病毒感染者获得拯救生命的治疗将变得更加困难和昂贵。</span></span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图中数据<span style="color: black;">源自</span>,www.unaids.com。</span><span style="color: black;">联合国艾滋病毒/艾滋病联合规划署(UNAIDS)领导并激励全世界实现其<span style="color: black;">一起</span>愿景,即零新增艾滋病毒感染、零<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>和零艾滋病<span style="color: black;">关联</span>死亡。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>,UNAIDS<span style="color: black;">已然</span>联合了11个联合国组织——难民署、儿童基金会、WFP、<span style="color: black;">研发</span>署、人口基金、UNODC、<span style="color: black;">女性</span>署、劳工组织、教科文组织、世卫组织和世界银行,并与<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>各个国家进行密切合作,<span style="color: black;">一起</span>抗艾。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第5例成功案例的<span style="color: black;">显现</span></p>
</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">我</strong></span><strong style="color: blue;">们人类离彻底<span style="color: black;">解决</span>艾滋病又近了一大步!</strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">期待正式官宣艾滋病被彻底治愈的那一天!</strong></span><span style="color: black;">Ref:</span><span style="color: black;">https://www.wsj.com/articles/two-older-hiv-patients-offer-new-clues-for-a-cure-11658930416</span><span style="color: black;">https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2022/july/20220727_global-aids-update</span><span style="color: black;">https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/5th-person-likely-cured-hiv-another-long-term-remission-rcna40116</span><span style="color: black;">https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/07/27/hiv-remission-stem-cell-transplant-city-of-hope/</span><span style="color: black;">https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/new-insights-into-hiv-latent-cells-yield-potential-cure-targets</span><span style="color: black;">https://www.livescience.com/fifth-patient-cured-of</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">本平台</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">原创内容</span></strong></span>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">可直接点击以下公号名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>进行关注:</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></span></a></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">送人玫瑰,手有余香 你的话深深触动了我,仿佛说出了我心里的声音。 你的留言真是温暖如春,让我感受到了无尽的支持与鼓励。 楼主听话,多发外链好处多,快到碗里来!外链论坛 http://www.fok120.com/ 认真阅读了楼主的帖子,非常有益。 你的见解独到,让我受益匪浅,期待更多交流。 我们有着相似的经历,你的感受我深有体会。 感谢楼主的分享!我学到了很多。
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