治愈艾滋病:10年已过,他身体的艾滋病病毒已完全消失
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_gif/1xEzyKk2OBTa4nKnlib8yLULLicLpibyQ9N93revwYcD01CibjcZXCBOgHULFqC3L6I8oQwqicZwHI9yWTVV20tDaVQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&random=0.813591862474693&random=0.6792214295781045&random=0.8849740975763556&random=0.5607147488863287&random=0.4252148228714103&random=0.7818510603547701&random=0.2638480578161344&random=0.16461789795240622&random=0.5126066958211553&random=0.7614580875904846&random=0.8627770588887747&random=0.7335021217068789&random=0.0536626721021809&random=0.8444505964793148&random=0.3897584685879798&random=0.014847368701171426&random=0.5394152831612404&random=0.39958823536536237&random=0.3732731427581204&random=0.7479972621381319&random=0.733832256551072&random=0.5489449613434823&random=0.9274883770240165&random=0.226699004714366&random=0.5179471502190978&random=0.05792548338047032&random=0.7595806837225962&random=0.6362540465930466&random=0.9874905053028336&random=0.3583104789184335&random=0.16809749837219967&random=0.5478084200517419&random=0.6188076163247547&random=0.40379962448694506&random=0.07516653461151912&random=0.39674855154988453&random=0.6662552368291665&random=0.8839624185089077&random=0.7767562141466455&random=0.77642765077654&random=0.8855382574803774&random=0.04891208075207487&random=0.6619110860678823&random=0.16568477832980788&random=0.8061707909352744&random=0.3560877017300752&random=0.8489662968076144&random=0.16892636297698282&random=0.16198714007950854&random=0.7525650368471204&random=0.4123769954466825&random=0.3211861229912054&random=0.025150452197518103&random=0.1902178176004492&random=0.5796380816210012&random=0.06329169603611429&random=0.5745536814046874&random=0.9816892766201659&random=0.17981535926602588&random=0.0110434836920561&random=0.22494556209052008&random=0.4987943774999568&random=0.7474624780848798&random=0.15966131884875456&random=0.7822871950310275&random=0.9249503052026122&random=0.6791309357344955&random=0.16735090296717936&random=0.09007287910458905&random=0.04430790128840334&random=0.9684571477152966&random=0.7751450961501303&random=0.6117128179501661&random=0.6330420877495619&random=0.4929880182251085&random=0.2718138962459913&random=0.5700656892859912&random=0.41735337595941147&random=0.08397151026159544&random=0.848379864570004&random=0.7213405982196619&random=0.8436203085120639&random=0.29482690608328&random=0.7273075833549023&random=0.06517599780813743&random=0.2620615798227386&random=0.8641858876603437&random=0.09075664774405401&random=0.9091761219280352&random=0.2644713503024825&random=0.2790678191312481&random=0.7763186839248462&random=0.1776839785227955&random=0.24109600321684344&random=0.18220895638800272&random=0.42715275828273125&random=0.839794721363941&random=0.4563154649697374&random=0.8796057548672223&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">导语:</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">公众</span>的</span><span style="color: black;">认知里,艾滋病等同于不治之症。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,近些年的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>携带抗HIV基因(CCR5纯合缺失,CCR5-Δ32/Δ32)的造血干细胞移植(HSCT)<span style="color: black;">能够</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>治愈1型艾滋病。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">从白种人“柏林<span style="color: black;">病人</span>”到拉丁裔“伦敦<span style="color: black;">病人</span>”再到后来的多种族混血“纽约<span style="color: black;">病人</span>”,都证明CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 HSCT适用于多种族的HIV治疗。</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>,Nature medicine<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>了<span style="color: black;">研究</span>人员对接受CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 HSCT艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行的最长、最精确的诊断监测数据,并<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>其能治愈艾滋病的证据。</span></span>
<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">艾滋病治愈病例的共性:CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 HSCT</strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/1xEzyKk2OBTJ04AJbsfEUpibBG9BibsCibhkIDV8c3uK4UBUxErZ1DNSydVUH666LJhnBB3I1EJ1Hzm6DpUJKG19w/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<span style="color: black;">艾滋病<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>两种逆转录病毒HIV-1和HIV-2中的一种所导致的感染,HIV-1在<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>范围内造<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>大规模HIV感染,而HIV-2<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的感染则<span style="color: black;">重点</span>集中在西非。趋化因子CCR5和CXCR4,是HIV-1入侵机体细胞的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>辅助受体。CCR5基因上一小段突变,使细胞对HIV<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>抵抗力。CCR5突变在欧洲人中携带比例约为1%,非洲人、亚洲人和南美洲人则很少携带该突变,中国汉族人携带比例仅为0.16%,维吾尔族人则高达3%。</span><span style="color: black;">围绕CCR5基因变异的艾滋病治愈,已有4个先例,分别是“<strong style="color: blue;">柏林病人</strong>”、“<strong style="color: blue;">伦敦病人</strong>”、“<strong style="color: blue;">纽约病人</strong>”和“<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城</strong>”。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">柏林病人</span></p>
<span style="color: black;">2008年11月,NEJM<span style="color: black;">报告</span>了世界首例艾滋病治愈病例:一名生活在柏林,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>艾滋病和白血病的41岁白种人男子(Timothy Brown)在接受了CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 HSCT后,<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的HIV下降至检测不出的水平。这名病人被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“柏林病人”。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/1xEzyKk2OBTvuib4kIG8KruaXrqCiapOicW2Wlp2kHcVlXbFRnEAma2JjnvECtrguVpomx6V2WZsTvmQlkhh32ibiaQ/640?wx_fmt=png&random=0.5058375086293558&random=0.9970519287605109&random=0.11147335277570147&random=0.7949135660163134&random=0.23280557389907375&random=0.7071339681218616&random=0.7823188082661301&random=0.9070588788687877&random=0.0810414310817813&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图1 柏林病人Timothy Brown(右)和他的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>Gero Hϋtter(左)(图源:Robert Hood)</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">波士顿病人</span></p><span style="color: black;">2008年-2010年,美国波士顿布莱根<span style="color: black;">女性</span>医院为两名既感染HIV又<span style="color: black;">身患</span>淋巴癌的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行了骨髓移植手术,但移植的骨髓只是配型合适,却<span style="color: black;">无</span>CCR5-Δ32/Δ32。术后8个月两人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的HIV下降至检测不出的水平。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,一名病人在停止<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>抗逆转录病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>12周后,<span style="color: black;">身体</span>再次检测出HIV,另一名在停药32周后,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>再次检测出HIV。专家认为<span style="color: black;">因为</span>移植的供者骨髓<span style="color: black;">无</span>CCR5-Δ32/Δ32,因而<span style="color: black;">不可</span>抵御HIV,一旦停药时间较长,<span style="color: black;">隐匿</span>于<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的HIV又会死灰复燃。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/1xEzyKk2OBTvuib4kIG8KruaXrqCiapOicWXBsgV5YX162nrsPBTdwnDyGnseBqF4hyQDsbodYlusKhp39pz8ahTw/640?wx_fmt=png&random=0.8379777746953976&random=0.9250261649905873&random=0.3534975299926184&random=0.9753851334629855&random=0.8868058317967573&random=0.24759900350094166&random=0.627084132836008&random=0.6573197258178034&random=0.7325378165791605&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图2 “波士顿病人”专题<span style="color: black;">报告</span>(图源:央视<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>)</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">伦敦病人</span></p><span style="color: black;">2020年3月,The lancet<span style="color: black;">报告</span>了世界第二个艾滋病治愈案例:一名<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>艾滋病和霍奇金淋巴瘤的拉丁裔英国男性(Adam Castillejo),接受了CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 HSCT。术后16个月,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的HIV下降至检测不出的水平。移植后35个月,他的白细胞<span style="color: black;">不可</span>被依赖CCR5的艾滋病病毒株感染,<span style="color: black;">血液</span>中HIV-1病毒载量<span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">小于</span>检测限而<span style="color: black;">没</span>法被检测到。这名病人被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“伦敦病人”。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/1xEzyKk2OBTvuib4kIG8KruaXrqCiapOicW3uphL6KjK8V23FOia9tetic4sBnlehf7OJjuFzzkKRjrW5A6af0uYMDg/640?wx_fmt=png&random=0.4603412310314108&random=0.5311694834580913&random=0.618480187207298&random=0.8316354631310012&random=0.4929953397514497&random=0.8368074131964898&random=0.5788193926622105&random=0.25267899076547207&random=0.4323297448386718&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图3 40岁的Adam Castillejo(图源:New York Times)</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">纽约病人</span></p><span style="color: black;">2022年2月15日,加州大学洛杉矶分校儿科传<span style="color: black;">患病</span><span style="color: black;">专家</span>、医学博士、<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员Yvonne Bryson在2022年举行的逆转录病毒和机会性感染会议上<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>一名多种族背景的艾滋病病毒感染者<span style="color: black;">经过</span>脐带血干细胞移植治愈。这名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>为中年混血女性,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>艾滋病和白血病。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受了来自脐带库脐带血的移植,该脐带血携带CCR5-Δ32/Δ32。术后,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>HIV病毒载量降低到<span style="color: black;">没</span>法检出水平,并将这种状态<span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>到<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/1xEzyKk2OBTvuib4kIG8KruaXrqCiapOicWE2xUrmD7RMKRp1BCCm2NRhA4lG2ZdicKASWUQE5RR86AhDWWJf3c3mg/640?wx_fmt=png&random=0.5312000683656037&random=0.8861950086022876&random=0.8310215550442435&random=0.2723327171467429&random=0.16295393767053912&random=0.23872158875571237&random=0.2174916281519932&random=0.9251312037169683&random=0.5425380914404954&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图4 “纽约病人”治疗团队(图源:NBC News)</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城</span></p><span style="color: black;">2022年7月,美国最大的癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和治疗组织之一(<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城)宣布了一名艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>经干细胞移植后,实现艾滋病<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>缓解的病例。这位今年67岁的高加索男子被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城”,是世界上第四位实现艾滋病<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>缓解的病人。他携带艾滋病病毒(HIV)超过32年,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是四人中携带HIV病毒时间最长、最年长的一位。这名<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>急性髓系白血病,并接受了CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 HSCT。<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>,<span style="color: black;">无</span>证据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>该患者<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的HIV RNA反弹,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>检测到HIV DNA。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/1xEzyKk2OBTvuib4kIG8KruaXrqCiapOicWGFO8icvorHuOpP61zF5WJy41CtJkORnECteibH57kWItr8eHwwqI6vrA/640?wx_fmt=png&random=0.6224998745456807&random=0.6117771834729764&random=0.6309562825756458&random=0.5457939034840362&random=0.7176788897382818&random=0.04771457941871837&random=0.7182355021906239&random=0.36762606464276293&random=0.21492681805816427&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图5 “<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城”治疗团队(图源:City of Hope)</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">这几个治愈案例的</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">区别</span>之处在于:“柏林病人”、“伦敦病人”和“<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>之城”接受了骨髓移植,“纽约病人”接受了脐带血移植;<span style="color: black;">一起</span>之处在于:<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>艾滋病和血癌,并接受了含有CCR5-Δ32/Δ32基因的移植。结合“波士顿病人”的反证,说明含有CCR5-Δ32/Δ32基因的骨髓移植或许适用于<span style="color: black;">区别</span>种族,<span style="color: black;">区别</span>性别,且<span style="color: black;">同期</span>患艾滋病和血癌的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>治疗。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">第五例治愈者:CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 HSCT+HIV+白血病</strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/1xEzyKk2OBTJ04AJbsfEUpibBG9BibsCibhkIDV8c3uK4UBUxErZ1DNSydVUH666LJhnBB3I1EJ1Hzm6DpUJKG19w/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<span style="color: black;">2023年2月20日,Nature Medicine<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>了第5位经干细胞移植实现艾滋病治愈的病例<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>由德国杜塞多夫大学医院主导,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>将该病人<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“杜塞尔多夫病人”。这名53岁的男性艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在2011年1月患上了急性髓系白血病,并在2013年2月接受了一位女性捐赠者的CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 HSCT,其后进行了化疗和供者淋巴细胞输注。干细胞移植后,他仍继续接受抗逆转录病毒治疗,但<span style="color: black;">病人</span>外周血单核细胞中已<span style="color: black;">没</span>法检测到HIV-1。2018年11月,在接受干细胞移植近6年后,“杜塞尔多夫病人”同意停止抗逆转录治疗,以观察<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>病毒反弹。48个月后,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队在<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">血液</span>中<span style="color: black;">无</span>观察到HIV-1 RNA反弹,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>对HIV-1蛋白的免疫反应<span style="color: black;">加强</span>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员宣布“杜塞尔多夫病人”治愈,并<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>这是CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 HSCT治愈HIV-1的有力证据。</strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/1xEzyKk2OBTvuib4kIG8KruaXrqCiapOicWWRpic3MJdEZkVqUKVBswQsx7uDGv51TISZqWicDiajzNrLrjrYEGL1fhg/640?wx_fmt=png&random=0.7476628607951572&random=0.24990096768577086&random=0.40479100617055064&random=0.9931088910429624&random=0.7668627921371267&random=0.5155408023015124&random=0.4871417269001892&random=0.7125344820824622&random=0.6795524623495575&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图6 分析性治疗中断前后的临床过程和HIV-1病毒库(图源:)</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">利用何种趋化因子受体侵入细胞决定了HIV-1病毒株的嗜性。单核细胞/巨噬细胞嗜性的病毒株利用趋化因子受体CCR5侵入细胞,<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为R5嗜性</span></strong><span style="color: black;">;T细胞嗜性的病毒株利用趋化因子受体CXCR4侵入细胞,<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为X4嗜性;而既能利用CCR5,又能利用CXCR4侵入细胞的病毒株<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为R5/R4嗜性。<strong style="color: blue;">CCR5-Δ32的突变使细胞对CCR5(R5)嗜性HIV免疫。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">先前CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 HSCT治愈HIV-1的案例已有<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>分析,但样本量少,缺乏对照的前瞻性<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,这些病例与治愈HIV-1的关系并不确定。然而,有两个<span style="color: black;">类似</span>之处对结果至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>:<strong style="color: blue;">所有<span style="color: black;">病人</span>均携带R5-嗜性病毒株,但在接受CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 HSCT后都<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>缓解</strong><strong style="color: blue;">。</strong><strong style="color: blue;">虽然CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 HSCT<span style="color: black;">不可</span>防止X4-嗜性病毒的反弹,但这种对宿主免疫系统的改变是防止R5-嗜性病毒HIV感染者病毒再繁殖的一个<span style="color: black;">重要</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>化疗和移植细胞清除HIV-1感染的细胞,可能<span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>HIV-1的治愈。然而,在这个案例和其他案例中,HIV-1感染细胞耗竭的必要程度和助力HIV-1治愈的程度,仍然难以捉摸。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的一个局限性是,在HSCT前后,可直接用于<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的免疫学和病毒学分析的样本非常少。</span><span style="color: black;">尽管<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>CCR5-Δ32/Δ32突变的供体进行HSCT既不是低<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>大规模复用的操作,但<span style="color: black;">有些</span>移植携带CCR5-Δ32/Δ32的造血干细胞后HIV-1成功<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>缓解的<span style="color: black;">报告</span>,强调了它可能和治疗策略高度<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>血液恶性肿瘤的HIV<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>基因编辑技术,将CCR5-Δ32突变引入野生型干细胞,<span style="color: black;">协同</span>降低HIV感染细胞治疗,可能有助于治愈HIV。</strong>“杜塞尔多夫病人”<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了分析性治疗中断前后病毒学和免疫学特征的<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>信息,并产生了有价值的见解,<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>能<span style="color: black;">指点</span><span style="color: black;">将来</span>的艾滋病治愈策略。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">责编</span><span style="color: black;">|文竞择</span></p><span style="color: black;">校对|木子久</span><span style="color: black;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">End</span></p>
</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">参考资料:</span></p><span style="color: black;">Jensen, BE.O., Knops, E., Cords, L. et al. In-depth virological and immunological characterization of HIV-1 cure after CCR5Δ32/Δ32 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nat Med (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02213-x</span><span style="color: black;">Gupta RK, Peppa D, Hill AL, et al. Evidence for HIV-1 cure after CCR5Δ32/Δ32 allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation 30 months post analytical treatment interruption: a case report. Lancet HIV. 2020 May;7(5):e340-e347. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30069-2. Epub 2020 Mar 10. PMID: 32169158; PMCID: PMC7606918.</span><span style="color: black;">Jensen, BE.O., Knops, E., Cords, L. et al. In-depth virological and immunological characterization of HIV-1 cure after CCR5Δ32/Δ32 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nat Med (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02213-x</span>
<span style="color: black;">
本文系生物探索原创,欢迎个人转发分享。其他任何<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>、网站如需转载,须在正文前注明<span style="color: black;">源自</span>生物探索。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">
<span style="color: black;">
往期精选 </span>
</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">
<span style="color: black;">围观</span>
</p>
<span style="color: black;"></span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">Nature子刊:<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>新的细胞死亡机制,可为癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">供给</span>新策略</span></span></a>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">
热文</span></p><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倡议<span style="color: black;">供精</span>冲上热搜!供精者精子合格率不足20%,男性生育力何以<span style="color: black;">提高</span>?</span></span></a>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">
热文 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">百度并购GBI Health,中国医疗版</span></span></a>“ChatGPT”来了!AI技术打破数据边界,颠覆医疗行业传统模式</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">
热文</span></p><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>塑料中的这种化学物质可改变精子,<span style="color: black;">害处</span>延续后代两代人</span></a>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">
热文
</span></p>
<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不仅投钱,还<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>运营<span style="color: black;">机构</span>!这家风投<span style="color: black;">机构</span>将<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>颠覆生物科技<span style="color: black;">机构</span>创建模式?</span></a>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">
<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/1xEzyKk2OBQ9xWt4IReVJXbpnHIFIs0kEKS9EzT0KKH9YuIZlKaQPL35ZfDjhpGhWYAibIhGuHSXosY5I7Vxf9Q/640?wx_fmt=png&random=0.14577755760502598&random=0.3187012974842178&random=0.46120108793332215&random=0.5496888571706653&random=0.19298890611225694&random=0.7978000128267442&random=0.10027777735275478&random=0.11344227516896122&random=0.021878649118586724&random=0.4318538553907818&random=0.8872643663234983&random=0.6166379763312393&random=0.4147787482893921&random=0.1382213063000437&random=0.4624659794449597&random=0.26681141864064584&random=0.7975235958553077&random=0.036709824041002204&random=0.5688851808261306&random=0.8013196948270167&random=0.8158823720597723&random=0.9726157346341484&random=0.5713349513281418&random=0.5600342754995529&random=0.4733790984163748&random=0.1349173956179397&random=0.5482919919967035&random=0.4157142489456447&random=0.35225702553460936&random=0.2889225405027658&random=0.7344797917205474&random=0.9048856554750198&random=0.47817782793435315&random=0.3549888103811243&random=0.5527172439482826&random=0.05958717817773862&random=0.4739865114675341&random=0.34701881888577724&random=0.44387873764473107&random=0.4663629967687608&random=0.7288912186762877&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
</p>
<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icRR1ic5AT5PMD7tLAQKtDALzZDIO7o0k6uB1Zjvn4Yapq9RztQtgjDGpo7JZcfGl0KxnwqgueSPcU9zR9tXoTXA/640?wx_fmt=gif&random=0.25006715964311765&random=0.7173588629006431&random=0.7654894997462744&random=0.05222597468907719&random=0.979736986884483&random=0.43913646670904916&random=0.22675512894168315&random=0.8658733718803844&random=0.4542730725403694&random=0.6034282496519283&random=0.4467043494349445&random=0.5709785955561424&random=0.8294678166552576&random=0.865591369971799&random=0.6943837103730575&random=0.7150838896784435&random=0.14691928142076693&random=0.48464069727815784&random=0.05523824128633925&random=0.6655453460996013&random=0.5403547481503164&random=0.322218438665002&random=0.36242349019858966&random=0.5950231760451421&random=0.13151064596651896&random=0.8552315982553624&random=0.3049601300845166&random=0.026610073652107324&random=0.020752365677003226&random=0.1933041263193005&random=0.5937646891925359&random=0.9946694995495133&random=0.6388084173806423&random=0.28905632202557063&random=0.42296558925874406&random=0.6395372537767126&random=0.12333329142105831&random=0.2261433465330962&random=0.5396955643048149&random=0.2853661216915515&random=0.0749646445607548&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<span style="color: black;">
<strong style="color: blue;">
<span style="color: black;">
点击“阅读原文”,<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>~</span></strong></span>
你的话语如春风拂面,让我感到无比温暖。 你的见解独到,让我受益匪浅,非常感谢。 网站建设seio论坛http://www.fok120.com/
页:
[1]