一个残忍的事实:父母可能把这8种癌遗传给下一代,最好按时体检
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在说到预防癌症的时候,有个很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>家族里有人得了某种癌症,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>就要做好<span style="color: black;">定时</span>体检的准备。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,正是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>有些癌症<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>的遗传性,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有人提出质疑:<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>父母其中有一人得了癌症,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>子女真的<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会患癌吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">01、10%癌症与遗传密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020年,宁波50岁的黄女士和40岁的<span style="color: black;">mm</span>,在体检过程中都<span style="color: black;">检测</span>出了肺部结节。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">后来经过进一步的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,两个姐妹都患的是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肺癌,幸好<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>得早,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>胸腔镜微创手术切除了肿瘤。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-e3a87f5221933a9ac818fea297d6508a_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>的癌症都不会遗传,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>临床上还是有10%-15%的癌症有遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>是,在同一个家族里,多个人患上了不同的癌症。另一种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>是,在同一个家庭中,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了某一种癌症的聚集现象。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,同一个家庭<span style="color: black;">显现</span>多个癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,除了遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span>之外,还有<span style="color: black;">一起</span>的生活环境和生活习惯,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>在里面。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">02、<span style="color: black;">那些</span>癌症容易遗传?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">临床上,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>遗传倾向的癌症有30多种,相对<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的癌症有以下几种。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">卵巢癌:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20%-25%的卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>遗传倾向,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>有其他癌症家族病史的家庭,卵巢癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5%-10%的乳腺癌有遗传倾向,家族中直系亲属<span style="color: black;">身患</span>乳腺癌,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>该家族中的女儿<span style="color: black;">或</span>姐妹,患乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>要比其他女性高出3倍<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结直肠癌:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">家族性腺瘤性息肉病<span style="color: black;">最后</span>会演变<span style="color: black;">作为</span>肠癌,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>还<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>遗传性。该病的遗传性在直系亲属中<span style="color: black;">能够</span>高达50%。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-e3eb7dc191bea902725cacfeded11ba5_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃癌:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10%的胃癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>家族聚集倾向,临床数据<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>,有家族病史的群体要比其他群体的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>高3倍<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺鳞状细胞癌有35.8%的遗传性,肺泡细胞癌的遗传性<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>高达58.3%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">子宫内膜癌:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5%的子宫内膜癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>的。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>,遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>发病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,其年龄要比散发的病例小10岁-20岁。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前列腺癌:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">直系亲属中一人患病,后代患病的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>比其他人高1倍,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>患病的群体超过了两个,<span style="color: black;">危害</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>5到11倍。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胰腺癌:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该病的遗传倾向为5%-10%,直系亲属中有人患病,后代发病的<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会相应地<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-324d1bf614439358401cf580a270f616_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">03、家族中有人患癌,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>预防癌症?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症有遗传性,并非说后代会百分百<span style="color: black;">生病</span>,只是患癌的几率比其他人高出<span style="color: black;">有些</span>。而<span style="color: black;">加强</span>防癌<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,则能很<span style="color: black;">显著</span>降低这种危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>要<span style="color: black;">知道</span>危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的程度。直系亲属中<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有人<span style="color: black;">知道</span>患癌,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>后代就<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">警觉</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>直系亲属中有两人以上患病,那就<span style="color: black;">必须</span>到医院做进一步的筛查,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>进行基因检测,以便确定这种危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的程度有多高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其次要确定危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>是遗传性还是家族易感性。有些家庭中多人患癌,看似是遗传性,但却可能是家族易感性<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>肝癌,乙肝病毒的感染会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肝癌,而乙肝病毒<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>传染性,家族中极易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>交叉感染,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>多人患癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">再<span style="color: black;">例如</span>吸烟<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的肺癌,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>家族中有人<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吸烟,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>吸烟以及二手烟营造出来的危险环境,就<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了癌症的群聚<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-a3df3a2924a1a706c7e0352f20372ee3_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>筛查体检:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>了有遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不要过于担心,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>不像其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>来得<span style="color: black;">那样</span>快,癌症的发病演化,最少<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要5年<span style="color: black;">上下</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>有家族病史的群体,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">创立</span>起筛查体检的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">早预防、早<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、早治疗,能够有效降低癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>,以及<span style="color: black;">加强</span>以后的治愈效果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最后要减少与致癌<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的接触。生活中,减少抽烟、喝酒、黄曲霉素、烧烤类<span style="color: black;">食品</span>中多环芳烃和腌肉和腌菜中的亚硝酸盐等致癌<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的接触,便<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效降低癌症的发病<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总之,从多方面加强预防,再结合健康的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>和生活方式,注重劳逸结合,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>大大降低<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>的几率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">内容<span style="color: black;">源自</span>:39健康网</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考资料:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一个残忍的事实:父母可能把这8种癌「遗传」给下一代.生命时报,2019.1.17</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">揭<span style="color: black;">那些</span>癌症容易遗传及早预防<span style="color: black;">能够</span>避免.环球网,2015.8.24</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">浙江姐妹体检双双确诊患癌!.杭州日报,2020.7.15</p>
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