癌症亦会遗传？这5种癌症遗传害处较高，按时癌筛或能有效预防
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">生活中，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>常常看到“一家几口<span style="color: black;">同期</span>患癌”的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>，家族中有人得了癌症，自己可能会被遗传吗？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“答案是肯定的!”专家<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤是一种多基因遗传易感性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，<span style="color: black;">常常</span>存在家族聚集的现象。</strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-f7d249431b9aff12be81cd024ac03253_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>癌症确实存有家族遗传聚集现象</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">美国著名影星安吉丽娜·朱莉的妈妈患卵巢癌去世，而2013年，她<span style="color: black;">自己</span>检测出携带有肿瘤易感基因BRCA1基因突变，虽然还未检测出癌症病灶，但她却大胆的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>接受双侧乳腺的预防性切除手术。两年后，又进行了卵巢和输卵管的预防性切除术。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">朱莉<span style="color: black;">这般</span>做的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是她的家族中有乳腺癌和卵巢癌病史，她比普通人更易得乳腺癌和卵巢癌，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>她做了预防性的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2016年顶级临床医学刊物《美国医学会杂志》（JAMA）刊发了哈佛大学<span style="color: black;">专家</span>与丹麦和芬兰<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员合作进行的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>有22种癌症属于遗传<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，会在家族之间世代相传。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">如有同胞手足得这些癌症，其他兄弟姊妹得<span style="color: black;">一样</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>会<span style="color: black;">加强</span>33%</strong>。不同的癌症，遗传<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不同。这是有史<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>规模最大的历时最长的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>遗传与癌症之间关系的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-2ed1d745ad36dba3fd326383f81eaebd_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>这5种癌症最容易遗传</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">肝癌——子女是一级预防对象</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>父母被查出肝癌，子女是一级预防对象，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>乙型肝炎病毒的垂直传播，易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肝癌的家族聚集倾向。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是携带乙肝病毒的母亲，其后代<span style="color: black;">出现</span>肝癌几率较高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">专家<span style="color: black;">意见</span>：</strong>家有肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，其子女<span style="color: black;">没</span>论身体好坏都要<strong style="color: blue;">进行1次全面的肝脏<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，</strong>如肝功能全项、<span style="color: black;">彩超</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">平时不吃臭豆腐、发酵酸菜、豆腐乳等霉腐<span style="color: black;">食品</span>；不吃发芽的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，如发芽的<span style="color: black;">马铃薯</span>等；不吃油炸<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>要戒酒；不要乱<span style="color: black;">吃下</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>或是保健品。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>消瘦、右侧肋下<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、眼<span style="color: black;">周边</span>发黑、乏力等症状时，应<span style="color: black;">即时</span>到医院排查肝癌。</strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-bbf4b12eb48c89a57df3240cf0fe4860_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">乳腺癌——女儿<span style="color: black;">危害</span>高2倍～3倍</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>遗传倾向，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是直系亲属间遗传的可能性很大。<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">母亲得乳腺癌，女儿得乳腺癌几率要比其他女性高出2倍～3倍。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">专家<span style="color: black;">意见</span>：</strong>有家族史的女性，<strong style="color: blue;">乳腺健康<span style="color: black;">检测</span>需提前到30岁<span style="color: black;">上下</span></strong>，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>是35岁以前以<span style="color: black;">彩超</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>为主；35岁以后进行钼靶摄片</strong>，从而在<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>乳腺癌。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>，有遗传倾向的女性，从20岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>就要有<span style="color: black;">认识</span>地进行“乳房自检”，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>后应<span style="color: black;">定时</span>做“自检”，如<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>乳房内有肿块并且质地较硬、活动度<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>、触摸不<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>时，要尽早到医院就诊。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">有家族史的女性应早生育(30岁前)并进行母乳喂养，</strong>更年期的女性别乱用含雌激素<span style="color: black;">成份</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，以<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>减少乳腺癌诱发<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，降低其发病率。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-8a447247c418d0ce1bc07c596a080456_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">鼻咽癌——有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>家族遗传倾向性</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">鼻咽癌发病有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的种族易感性、地区聚集性和家族倾向性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">专家<span style="color: black;">意见</span>：</strong>有鼻咽癌家族史的人群，建议<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">定时</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>EB病毒</strong>。<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>避免<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>腌制<span style="color: black;">食品</span>(咸菜、咸鱼等)，<strong style="color: blue;">常吃腌制食品会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>鼻咽癌的发病率2倍~7倍</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>，要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>戒烟和避免吸二手烟及其他有害烟雾，如煤油灯气、杀虫气雾剂、甲醛等。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>鼻涕带血或吸鼻后吐出带血鼻涕，以及不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的颈部淋巴结肿大、中耳积液等，应<span style="color: black;">即时</span>做<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的鼻咽部<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-2bf48803fc03bf04781213de8a33e73c_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">胃癌——与遗传有很大关系</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃癌的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>与遗传有很大关系，有着<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的家庭聚集现象。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>家族中的一代或两代人<span style="color: black;">最少</span>有两人患病，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>一人患病年龄<span style="color: black;">少于</span>50岁，所有<span style="color: black;">病人</span>均为弥漫型，就可能是遗传性胃癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">专家<span style="color: black;">意见</span>：</strong><span style="color: black;">因为</span>遗传性弥漫型胃癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>病灶较为隐匿，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>要<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">定时</span>进行胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span></strong>，以便尽早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌变。这类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的家属，可多食用<span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span><span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>和蔬菜，因<span style="color: black;">海量</span>维生素C、维生素E可阻止致癌物形成。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>经常<span style="color: black;">显现</span>上腹部<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、胃部闷胀、不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>“变瘦”等症状，应尽早到医院诊断。</strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-6b317fcc82ec050f6bcf4c99e472da08_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">肠癌——20%~30%肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有家族史</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20%—30%的大肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有各类癌症的家族史。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">专家<span style="color: black;">意见</span>：</strong><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>家里有一位直系亲属患家族性肠息肉病，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>家人就<span style="color: black;">必要</span>到医院进行<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一家人都<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>吃肉和高蛋白等<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，家族<span style="color: black;">出现</span>大肠癌的危险性<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有效预防大肠癌最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是改变高脂肪、高蛋白质、低纤维素的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>习惯，积极运动，保持<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>。<strong style="color: blue;">45岁后，平均每5年~10年进行一次肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>每年或半年做一次大便潜血<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有遗传倾向，应1年~3年做一次肠镜。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>经常便血、大便次数多、黏液便及腹痛，应<span style="color: black;">即时</span>查明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症除了和遗传<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>和生活方式、<span style="color: black;">心情</span>、压力等都<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。<strong style="color: blue;">患癌高危人群应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>收集癌症家族史信息，进行基因突变<span style="color: black;">检测</span>；<span style="color: black;">定时</span>进行防癌<span style="color: black;">检测</span>；<span style="color: black;">保持</span>健康生活方式，改掉不良生活习惯，避免接触与癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，降低致癌的外源性<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</strong></p>
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