艾滋病疫苗为么迄今还没显现?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今天,是第31个世界艾滋病日。 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">艾滋病防控的局面严峻,想必是<span style="color: black;">大众</span>都<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>的事实。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>令人疑惑的是,艾滋病是典型由病毒<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>,而疫苗是人类对抗病毒最伟大的发明,人们<span style="color: black;">经过</span>疫苗,消灭了天花,有效<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>了小儿麻痹症、乙肝等多种传染性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的流行。而传播广泛的艾滋病<span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">迄今</span>仍未<span style="color: black;">研发</span>出有效疫苗呢?</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/dhIUoaayW82JgMncxJVHjSSokVrxwBl2GSQCPx7uzS1O07NgicL4eOicrkk8Iezw0AnhaNQwNNXorzDwBmRiafLVw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span>来自:http://language.chinadaily.com.cn</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">艾滋病毒虽小,但威胁</strong><strong style="color: blue;">巨大</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">艾滋病是“<span style="color: black;">得到</span>性免疫缺陷<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>”的简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于英文缩写AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome),是感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV)后<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的一种慢性、进行性的致命性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。上世纪80年代初,人们<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了艾滋病,在当时这是一种名副其实的绝症,几乎所有类似症状的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都快速<span style="color: black;">亡于</span>该病毒<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的机会性感染和全身器官衰竭。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">艾滋病病毒<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>性<span style="color: black;">行径</span>(同性、异性)、血液(如不洁注射史、不洁手术史、不洁输血或<span style="color: black;">捐血</span>史等)和母婴传播这三个途径感染人体。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/dhIUoaayW82JgMncxJVHjSSokVrxwBl2PrpQndxmjpj9uOU8E7ezCkU1KFia2PljZD6HsyaYn7fvfYWYiaBCL08A/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span>来自:百度<span style="color: black;">照片</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">单纯地从生物学<span style="color: black;">方向</span>看,这个病毒很“小”,基因组<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>10kb,仅能编码9个基因,但它<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">害处</span>却很“大”。世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国艾滋病规划署的最新数据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>:<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>仍有3690万HIV感染存活者,<span style="color: black;">另外</span>已有约3540万<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亡于</span>艾滋病。</span></strong>换句话说,HIV病毒已感染了地球上<span style="color: black;">最少</span>七千多万人,这比第二次世界大战的死亡人数还要多。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>被感染的人数还在以每年约200万的速度在增长(2017年有180万)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我国的艾滋病流行<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">非常</span>严峻,2018年在昆明召开的第5届全国艾滋病学术会议上的资料<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">我国现有存活的艾滋病感染者<span style="color: black;">最少</span>有82万人,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>快速增长的趋势仍未得到遏制,例如仅在2017年就<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了13.5万新感染者。</span></strong>更令人担忧的是,我国的艾滋疫情已从吸毒、卖血等高危局部人群转变为普通人群的性传播扩散,新发感染者中超过95%经由同性或异性性<span style="color: black;">行径</span>感染。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">艾滋病疫苗<span style="color: black;">面世</span><span style="color: black;">为何</span>这么难?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人类<span style="color: black;">经过</span>疫苗,消灭了天花,有效<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>了小儿麻痹症、乙肝等多种传染性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的流行。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>接种疫苗预防传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>是人类在20世纪取得的最伟大公共卫生成就之一,“疫苗接种在降低人类死亡率和促进人口增长方面的重大影响,抗生素<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法匹敌”。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/dhIUoaayW82JgMncxJVHjSSokVrxwBl2picxGaFgT7KdQfLXqXBkWUl5TMGRgufQAiaLLSdEcUlgiaJj11nHcib1qw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">可是人类还<span style="color: black;">无</span>有效的针对艾滋病毒的疫苗。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人类在1981年<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>和<span style="color: black;">报告</span>了艾滋病,<span style="color: black;">火速</span>就在1983年分离到了艾滋病病毒。人们当时很<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>地认为,既然这么快找到了致病元首病原体,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>只要“依葫芦画瓢” 模仿其他病毒疫苗的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>经验就可<span style="color: black;">火速</span>地研制出艾滋病疫苗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">早在1984年,美国卫生部部长就宣<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>艾滋病疫苗会在两年后<span style="color: black;">面世</span>。又过了十年多后,美国总统克林顿在1997年<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>十足地宣布了“艾滋病疫苗的曼哈顿工程”,其<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性可媲美于罗斯福总统在1939年宣布的“原子弹的曼哈顿工程”和肯尼迪总统1961年宣布的“载人登月的曼哈顿工程”。“36年前,肯尼迪总统给出到达月球的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>提前完<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>。今天,在生物学时代让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>再设定一个国家新的科学<span style="color: black;">目的</span>:让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在下一个十年里致力于<span style="color: black;">开发</span>艾滋病疫苗。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">然而,当“原子弹的曼哈顿工程”和“载人登月的曼哈顿工程”相继用了6年和8年的时间顺利成功后,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">“艾滋病疫苗的曼哈顿工程”在宣布的20<span style="color: black;">数年</span>之后,艾滋疫苗仍旧是梦想,艾滋疫情仍在肆虐<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">开发</span>有效的艾滋病疫苗已<span style="color: black;">作为</span>最具挑战性的科学<span style="color: black;">困难</span>之一,<span style="color: black;">没</span>数<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>和正在为之奋斗终身。尽管从上世纪80年代<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>艾滋疫苗<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>,人类与艾滋病病毒的战绩是0:200!没错,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">艾滋病病毒<span style="color: black;">已然</span>赢了200多次了,<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>仍<span style="color: black;">没</span>成功的疫苗问世。</span></strong></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/dhIUoaayW82JgMncxJVHjSSokVrxwBl2hj8QZ3Ipqgcib3GjDywZBPiaJqhgAEbhTtYmC8bCxPK0yqiaI716S3bxQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">艾滋病疫苗<span style="color: black;">开发</span>之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>如此困难,<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>: </span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、艾滋病病毒有高度的变异性,如同会72般变化那样难觅其踪,传统疫苗<span style="color: black;">科研</span>路径在对付HIV病毒上<span style="color: black;">没</span>法奏效。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2,艾滋<span style="color: black;">病</span>病毒像狗皮膏药<span style="color: black;">同样</span>可整合到宿主细胞的基因组中,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>除非杀死细胞,否则<span style="color: black;">没</span>法去除。这给治疗和疫苗<span style="color: black;">开发</span>都带来<span style="color: black;">极重</span>的麻烦。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3,艾滋病病毒只能感染人类,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>感染其他物种并<span style="color: black;">导致</span>发病(<span style="color: black;">少许</span>种类的猩猩,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>被感染但并不发病),<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>艾滋<span style="color: black;">病</span>疫苗的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>过程中缺乏良好的动物模型。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4,<span style="color: black;">商场</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的艾滋<span style="color: black;">病</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>疗法<span style="color: black;">必须</span>病人终身服药,这给<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>药企带来丰厚利润,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>不想(嘘,公开场合还是应该说<span style="color: black;">无</span>太多兴趣)投资于艾滋<span style="color: black;">病</span>疫苗<span style="color: black;">开发</span>。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/dhIUoaayW82JgMncxJVHjSSokVrxwBl2PicGxTdz0VWx78JA0icAjfnVRq75rhwoeQX52P5ScXuT5dJc9xiaeb0IA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">修改自:Cohen.Science. 2017. Promising AIDS Vaccine’s Failure Leaves Field Reeling</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">开发</span>艾滋病疫苗的“三大战役”</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">回顾艾滋病疫苗的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>历史,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说寻找有效的疫苗就犹如<span style="color: black;">没</span>的放矢和大海捞针,可谓是一波三折,徘徊前行。纵观这大<span style="color: black;">体积</span>小的200余次战斗,尽管<span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>被动挨打的状态,但人类并<span style="color: black;">无</span>放弃。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">艾滋病疫苗的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>可分为三个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>:诱发体液免疫的疫苗;诱发T细胞免疫的疫苗;<span style="color: black;">同期</span>诱发抗体和细胞免疫的疫苗。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>把这些<span style="color: black;">周期</span>比喻成人类对艾滋病病毒发起的三大战役。经历了这三大战役后,人类虽然暂时还未从万恶的艾滋病病魔中解放出来,但已找到了继续前进和战斗的方向,看到了胜利的曙光。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/dhIUoaayW82JgMncxJVHjSSokVrxwBl22oytKiafXiaj1GqGibPtfshhAexhafyHdHYsDSkxORbPpicDPHa4k1R1OA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>战役<span style="color: black;">周期</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">该战役的目的是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">依据经典疫苗策略诱发出针对艾滋病病毒的中和抗体</span></strong>,<span style="color: black;">初始</span>于1984年的艾滋病疫苗<span style="color: black;">科研</span>集中在以诱导抗体以预防病毒感染为<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>,<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>细胞免疫的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。2003年在欧美和泰国结束的两个艾滋病疫苗III期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,即<span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span>上的艾滋病疫苗<span style="color: black;">第1</span>发展<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>成果的临床验证,结果<span style="color: black;">显示</span>单纯诱导抗体产生的疫苗不具真正的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>效果。此次战役仍未结束,仍有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">专家</span>致力于<span style="color: black;">开发</span>新型免疫策略以诱导出广谱的中和抗体。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第二战役<span style="color: black;">周期</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在诱发抗体策略的多次<span style="color: black;">实验</span>失败后,人类<span style="color: black;">起始</span>反思艾滋病疫苗策略的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>方向,将大部分火力转向于<span style="color: black;">另一</span>一个方向,即<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">强调疫苗能诱发出<span style="color: black;">有效</span>的细胞免疫应答。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该战役<span style="color: black;">周期</span>以诱导细胞免疫反应的重组病毒载体疫苗为主(痘苗、腺病毒、金丝雀痘病毒等),<span style="color: black;">由于</span>理论上细胞免疫反应<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>病毒的复制与感染,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>数学模型<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>,病毒载量降低1个log值就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效降低人群的传播率,这让临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>看到了这种疫苗的应用前景。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这其中最<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的成果之一<span style="color: black;">便是</span>Merck<span style="color: black;">机构</span>组织<span style="color: black;">研发</span>的以人腺病毒5型为载体的艾滋病疫苗,但2007年9月<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果来看,单纯的强调细胞免疫应答<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>产生<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。这次基于T细胞反应疫苗的失败<span style="color: black;">没</span>疑使疫苗<span style="color: black;">开发</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>受到了严重的打击,人们曾一度质疑有效的艾滋病疫苗<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>能够研制出来,<span style="color: black;">全部</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>弥漫着绝望的气氛。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第三战役<span style="color: black;">周期</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在经历了数不清的失败后,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们仍没放弃,经过短暂兵力修整后,再次向艾滋病病毒发起了进攻。<span style="color: black;">日前</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>认为,有效的艾滋病疫苗<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span>诱导出<span style="color: black;">平衡</span>的体液和细胞免疫反应。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在病毒感染时中和抗体<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>道防线<span style="color: black;">能够</span>中和部分病毒,这给后续的细胞介导的记忆应答争取了激活时间,而<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>的细胞免疫应答清除感<span style="color: black;">患病</span>毒的细胞,降低病毒载量,从而<span style="color: black;">能够</span>降低HIV病毒在人群的传播率。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>这个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>看重体液和细胞免疫反应的<span style="color: black;">平衡</span>,DNA 疫苗、活载体疫苗、多价蛋白疫苗全面发展,各类疫苗的联合免疫( prime/boost 策略)<span style="color: black;">作为</span>艾滋病疫苗发展的主流方向。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2009年9月<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的美国军方和泰国合作研制的新型联合疫苗(RV144),可使人体感染艾滋病病毒的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>降低31.2%,这是人类历史上第一次在人体中证明<span style="color: black;">开发</span>有效的艾滋病疫苗的可行性,这次<span style="color: black;">实验</span>让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>看到了<span style="color: black;">开发</span>有效艾滋病疫苗的曙光。为了寻找到<span style="color: black;">最后</span>有效的艾滋病疫苗,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>笔者团队在内的<span style="color: black;">研究</span>人员们正在尝试多种<span style="color: black;">区别</span>类型的疫苗联合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,以期找到最佳组合。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/dhIUoaayW82JgMncxJVHjSSokVrxwBl22XatldYEDcIkmdwz2pBjaActzxAJsr6S5ian4OzQ09g6reJ0SzckaFA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">资料<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于IAVI临床实验数据库。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">结语</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在征服这个前所未有的世纪劲敌——艾滋病的征途中,<span style="color: black;">没</span>数科学家<span style="color: black;">已然</span>正在和将要为之奋斗终生。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">有效</span>抗逆转录病毒治疗(即“鸡尾酒疗法”)可有效<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>艾滋病情的<span style="color: black;">发展</span></strong></span>,使得被感染者能有尊严地“如同正<span style="color: black;">一般人</span>般”生活,但该疗法仅仅是暂时“<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>”着病毒,它<span style="color: black;">没</span>力把<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的病毒彻底消灭。只要停药,<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>被压抑着的艾滋病毒就如同被压在五指山下的泼猴被摘掉了“封条咒符”,使出自己的洪荒之力进行反弹,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>一旦被感染,艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>终生服药。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了彻底<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>和消灭艾滋疫情,预防才是最好的办法。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">预防<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">干涉</span>和疫苗接种。</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">干涉</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>加大健康卫生教育宣传力度;针对吸毒人群,推广美沙酮替代治疗,清洁针具等;避免危险性<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,宣传安全性<span style="color: black;">行径</span>知识,洁身自好;一旦<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>感染,尽早<span style="color: black;">看病</span>。在有效的艾滋病疫苗研发成功之前,<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">干涉</span>是行之有效且<span style="color: black;">必要</span>的预防艾滋手段。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">人类更加科学有效地预防艾滋感染的终极<span style="color: black;">目的</span>应是有效的艾滋病疫苗。</span></strong>在<span style="color: black;">开发</span>艾滋疫苗的漫漫征途中,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">始终</span>在<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>,从未曾放弃。笔者的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>专注于艾滋病防治新策略的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,在疫苗设计、免疫治疗、感染机制等方面进行了多项创新工作,探索了一系列新型艾滋病疫苗策略。成功的艾滋病疫苗,人类还要等待多少年?<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>还<span style="color: black;">不可</span>给出肯定的数字答案,但<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span>走在<span style="color: black;">解决</span>它的路上……</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考文献:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 孙彩军,陈志伟,陈凌,张林琦。特邀综述:创新型艾滋病黏膜疫苗之<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>。中华微生物学和免疫学杂志。2013, 33(1 ):24-28</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. Wu T, Ma F, Ma X, Jia W Pan E, Cheng G, Chen L*,Sun C*. Regulating innate and adaptive immunity for controlling SIV infection by25-hydroxycholesterol.Front. Immunol., 2018.doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02686</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. Pan E, Feng F, Li P , Yang Q, Ma X, Wu C, Yan H, Chen R, Chen L*,Sun C*. Immune protection of SIV challenge by PD-1 blockade during vaccination in rhesus monkeys.Front. Immunol., 2018. 9:2415.doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02415</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. Xiaoyu Wang#,Caijun Sun#,Pingchao Li,Tongjin Wu,Hangyu Zhou, Dong Yang,Yichu Liu,Xiuchang Ma,Zhiyong Song,Qinggong Nian,Liqiang Feng,Chengfeng Qin*, Ling Chen*, andRuikang Tang*. Vaccine Engineering with Dual-Functional Mineral Shell: A Promising Strategy to Overcome Pre-existing Immunity.Advanced Materials. 2016, 28(4):694-700.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5. Caijun Sun,Zhiwei Chen, Xian Tang,Yinfeng Zhang,Liqiang Feng,Yanhua Du ,Lijun Xiao, Li Liu,Weijun Zhu, Ling Chen,Linqi Zhang. Mucosal prime with a replicating vaccinia-based vaccine elicits protective immunity against SIV challenge in rhesus monkeys.JVirol. 2013,87; 5669-5677</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6. Caijun SUN, Lei ZHANG,Maochao ZHANG,Yichu Liu, Miaozhong, Xin Ma, Ling CHEN. Induction of balance and breadth in the immune responses is beneficial to control SIVmac239 replication in rhesus monkey.J Infect. 2010, 60(5):371-81.</p>
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