【药理学笔记】药物代谢动力学
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">药品</span>代谢动力学</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">离子障</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">分子型的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>可自由穿透,而离子型<span style="color: black;">药品</span>被限制在生物膜的<span style="color: black;">一边</span>,<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为离子障</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">首过消除</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>胃肠壁和肝脏时可被代谢、失活,使进入体循环的药量减少,以口服途径给药最为<span style="color: black;">平常</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">药品</span>和<span style="color: black;">血液</span>蛋白结合后对<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的影响</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">药理活性暂时消失,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>跨膜转运</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">药品</span>与<span style="color: black;">血液</span>结合特点</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">可逆性、非特异性、差异性、饱和性、竞争性</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">身体</span>过程</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">药品</span>的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄的总<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,又叫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的处置</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">消除</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">代谢和排泄的总<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,是<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>消失的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肝肠循环</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有些<span style="color: black;">药品</span>在肝细胞内与葡萄糖醛酸等结合后<span style="color: black;">经过</span>胆汁排入小肠,在小肠被水解,部分<span style="color: black;">药品</span>可被再吸收重新进入血液循环的过程,<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为肝肠循环。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肝药酶</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">存在肝细胞内质网中,促进<span style="color: black;">药品</span>转化的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>酶系统,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是C色素P450</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">酶诱导剂(酶促剂)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">能使肝药酶合成<span style="color: black;">增多</span>或活性<span style="color: black;">加强</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>.如苯巴比妥、利福平</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂(酶抑剂)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">能使肝药酶合成减少或活性减弱的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>.如西咪替丁、异烟肼</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">酶促剂<span style="color: black;">道理</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">使<span style="color: black;">药品</span>代谢加速,药效降低,常需<span style="color: black;">增多</span>剂量<span style="color: black;">才可</span>维持疗效。一旦停用药酶诱导剂,可是同服的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>浓度过高,药效<span style="color: black;">加强</span>,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>中毒,是停药敏化现象的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>之一;还可加速<span style="color: black;">自己</span>代谢,是<span style="color: black;">药品</span>产生耐受性的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>之一;利用药酶诱导剂的酶促<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,可诱导新生儿肝药酶活性,促进血中游离胆红素与葡萄糖醛酸结合,经胆汁排出,用于预防新生儿脑核性黄疸</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-32a591aba49e2307be22ca757a38bc60_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">曲线下面积AUC</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">药品</span>时-量曲线下的面积,AUC<span style="color: black;">体积</span>与进入体循环的药量成正比,反应进入体循环<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的相对量</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">半衰期</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">指<span style="color: black;">血液</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>浓度下降一半所需时间</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">道理</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">确定给药时间;估计达到稳态血药浓度Css所需时间;估计停药后<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>消除所需时间;按半衰期时间的长短对<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">归类</span>;反映<span style="color: black;">药品</span>消除快慢程度。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表观分布容积</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">按<span style="color: black;">血液</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>浓度C来计算进入<span style="color: black;">身体</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>总量A应占有的<span style="color: black;">血液</span>容积,其计算式为Vd=A/C,Vd值大说明<span style="color: black;">药品</span>分布广泛</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">生物利用度</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">经肝脏首过消除后进入体循环的药量A占给药量D的百分率F,F=A/D×100%</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">清除率</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">单位时间内有多少毫升<span style="color: black;">血液</span>内含<span style="color: black;">药品</span>被清除</p>
感谢你的精彩评论,为我的思绪打开了新的窗口。 顶楼主,说得太好了! “NB”(牛×的缩写,表示叹为观止) 楼主发的这篇帖子,我觉得非常有道理。 你的见解真是独到,让我受益良多。 认真阅读了楼主的帖子,非常有益。
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