肺癌一查便是晚期？提醒：8种平常表现要晓得！
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌，是我国最为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的癌症，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为癌中之首。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国家癌症中心2022年<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，在我国406.4万人的新发癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中，肺癌发病人数为82.8万，在241.4万因癌症死亡的人群中，有65.7万人<span style="color: black;">病患</span>肺癌。<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是新发病例还是死亡人数，肺癌都居于首位。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为么</span>肺癌一<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>便是晚期？身体的<span style="color: black;">那些</span>表现<span style="color: black;">必须</span>提前<span style="color: black;">重视</span>？<span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活中又应该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>防治肺癌呢？全国肿瘤防治宣传周——综合施策，科学防癌，让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span>认识肺癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">什么是肺癌？<span style="color: black;">为么</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>难以被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌是一种生长于肺部的恶性肿瘤。临床上常说的肺癌，<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>原发于支气管及肺泡的恶性肿瘤，又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为原发性支气管肺癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240416/7f5b64f00a7d4639955905bc8b354465.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：包图网</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>肺部的肺泡<span style="color: black;">无</span>感觉神经，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>当病变刚<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>时，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人<span style="color: black;">没</span>法直接从源头感觉<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">等到肿瘤发展到进入中期、晚期的时候才表现出<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的症状。但此时肿瘤<span style="color: black;">已然</span>压迫了肺、气管等器官，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>咳嗽、胸闷、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难等临床反应。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，肺癌一<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>可能<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>中晚期了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">有这8种<span style="color: black;">平常</span>表现，<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>可能是肺癌</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">既然肺癌难以<span style="color: black;">初期</span>被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，那有<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>提前<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>？其实肺癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>并非<span style="color: black;">没</span>迹可寻。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>再生活中<span style="color: black;">病人</span>存在有以下<span style="color: black;">状况</span>时，此时就应该<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">警觉</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（1）咳嗽</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">咳嗽是肺癌最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的首发症状，表现为反复的刺激性呛咳，干咳<span style="color: black;">没</span>痰或仅有少量白色<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>样痰，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>止咳药难以<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（2）声音嘶哑</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>、最危险的信号<span style="color: black;">便是</span>声音嘶哑，不少肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>或轻或重的声音嘶哑，声音嘶哑较<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>，发展速度快，以至于短时间内声音完全消失，并且常规治疗<span style="color: black;">无</span>任何效果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（3）气促</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">因肿瘤阻塞气管或肿瘤<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的胸腔积液<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（4）发热</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>在38℃<span style="color: black;">上下</span>，多<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在下午和晚间，抗感染治疗可使体温下降，但复热快。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（5）痰中带血</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多为痰中带血丝或血块样痰，部分肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>痰液中有血丝，有时会咳<span style="color: black;">流血</span>。这是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>肿瘤组织血液供应丰富，剧烈咳嗽时易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>血管破裂且<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，严重的可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>大咯血。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（6）胸口、背部<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当肿瘤生长得比<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，压迫血管、神经、侵犯胸膜的时候，就会<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的部位不确定但会表现出<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性，<span style="color: black;">大概</span>1/4的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>胸痛。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（7）转移症状</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">脑、骨、肝、肾上腺是最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的转移部位，头痛、抽搐、骨痛及肝区<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（8）副肿瘤综合征</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肌<span style="color: black;">没</span>力<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、皮肌炎、副肿瘤边缘叶脑炎以及低钠血症等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240416/d2ffc3616dd745a194a3d43cb85af37c.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">肺癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的高危人群，<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>筛查</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">符合以下任意一条的高危人群和年龄>40岁的人群，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>每年进行1次低剂量螺旋CT筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（1）吸烟：</strong>每年吸烟包数≥30（<span style="color: black;">包含</span>曾经每年吸烟包数≥30，但戒烟不足15年）；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（2）被动吸烟者：</strong><span style="color: black;">包含</span>二手烟、厨房油烟等，时间≥20年；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（<strong style="color: blue;">3）有职业接触史</strong>（石棉、氢、煤烟和煤烟尘等）<span style="color: black;">最少</span>1年；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（4）有恶性肿瘤病史的人</strong>（淋巴瘤、头颈部癌症或与吸烟<span style="color: black;">相关</span>的癌症）；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（5）有家族史：</strong>一级亲属中有人确诊肺癌；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（6）<span style="color: black;">身患</span>慢性阻塞性肺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、矽肺、肺结核或弥漫性肺纤维化病史。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">肺癌预防，远离“三霾五气”</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span>以及<span style="color: black;">按时</span>体检进行CT筛查外。“三霾五气”是<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肺癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>，“三霾”<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>室外的雾霾、室内的烟霾和内心的阴霾。“五气”<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>室外的大气污染；室内空气污染，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>烟草烟雾烟气；室内的厨房油烟气；房屋装修装饰材料挥发性有机物的空气污染；<span style="color: black;">长期</span>爱生闷气<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的心理污染。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（1）远离烟霾</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">香烟<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一类致癌物，与肺癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>有直接<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性。不吸烟者要避免被动吸烟，远离吸烟环境。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（2）远离室外的雾霾、室内空气污染</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">空气污染、室内的高温烹调与油烟、房屋装修装饰材料挥发性有机物的空气污染等都是诱发肺癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，在<span style="color: black;">平常</span>中<span style="color: black;">重视</span>远离和<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（3）远离爱生闷气</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症跟精神状态关系很大，老生闷气，心理“污染”指数高，从而影响免疫机制，使癌症有可乘之机。<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>保持心情愉快、心胸开阔，不要为<span style="color: black;">有些</span>小事生闷气。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（4）健康<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>以及规律生活</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">任何<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>都是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>抵抗力和免疫力下降失衡<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的，肺癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不例外。在平时<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>中适当摄入<span style="color: black;">饱含</span>维生素的蔬果、<span style="color: black;">保持</span>运动、规律作息等，对平衡抵抗力和<span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫力很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考文献：</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022.Journal of the National Cancer Center.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667005424000061</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 《中国肺癌筛查与早诊早治指南（2021,北京）》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 2023-04-13人民日报健康号“成医附二院聂晓红”《肺癌的三级预防》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《中华医学信息导报》2024年7期第14版《支修益：拒绝过度恐慌 远离肺癌要关注“三霾五气”》<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回首页，查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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