怎么分别指趾甲是流血还是黑痣或黑色素瘤
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>甲单位结构概念</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>先来<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>指甲的结构：甲母质、甲床、甲板。甲母质在甲根处，</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-7ad88ff1e57500e8c4f0c374ada635d9_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>甲生长特点</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>平时所说的指甲/趾甲医学上<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为甲板，<span style="color: black;">是由于</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>生命力的角化的细胞、角质等所形成的。它由指甲/趾甲根部的甲母质细胞<span style="color: black;">持续</span>生长分化而来。甲板<span style="color: black;">无</span>生命力，只能<span style="color: black;">持续</span>向前生长。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>在甲板的病变是不可逆的，只能期待病变<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>继续，已<span style="color: black;">出现</span>变化的甲板随生长而前移，<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>把<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>病变的甲板剪掉。指甲的生长速度很慢，约<span style="color: black;">每日</span>0.1mm（不同人不同指甲不<span style="color: black;">同期</span>期有所不同）。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>治疗甲板病变的疗效<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会很慢，所<span style="color: black;">必须</span>的疗程<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会很长，相应的，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>观察甲板的变化<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>上个月，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>数月的时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>与黑痣/黑色素瘤的不同</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">指趾甲的出血、黑痣、黑色素瘤都表现为甲板变色，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>比较难区分，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>担心和焦虑。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1）甲下<span style="color: black;">流血</span>：它<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>外伤挤压或穿高等鞋或走路<span style="color: black;">太多</span>等<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，伤及甲床，甲床<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，血液渗透到局部甲板，使甲板染上颜色。这种颜色<span style="color: black;">常常</span>有淡红色色泽。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>甲板和甲床压的比较紧，<span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">火速</span>会止住，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>是局部<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>少许<span style="color: black;">状况</span>会<span style="color: black;">全部</span>甲板<span style="color: black;">流血</span>。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>，还<span style="color: black;">由于</span>甲板<span style="color: black;">持续</span>向前生长，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>斑靠近甲根处的边缘<span style="color: black;">通常</span>比较整齐（皮肤镜下可见弧形结构）。黑斑整体会随甲板向前移动（黑斑后部得不到<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>）。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-967096b246990763130e499b9b092d2a_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2）黑痣（甲母痣）：它<span style="color: black;">常常</span>长在甲根处的指趾甲生长点。黑色素细胞<span style="color: black;">持续</span>产生色素，随指趾甲生长而向前，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>形成一条宽度相对固定的纵形条带。良性的痣条带颜色比较均匀对<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>，条带不会太宽，基本不变化，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会是边缘皮肤“染上”颜色。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-9d99a107eb8f9972882740d121c3bde6_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图注：左边照片<span style="color: black;">表示</span>两种痣：甲母痣（两条竖线）和甲床处的痣。右图甲母痣。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3）黑色素瘤：它的特点<span style="color: black;">便是</span>发展快。在数月之内可<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>它的形状、<span style="color: black;">体积</span>或颜色在变化。色素多好“染到”边缘的皮肤上。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-39031850ac69e722745fbb30d76ada14_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>观察<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：<span style="color: black;">定时</span>拍照（1个月1次，6个月<span style="color: black;">就可</span>）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">观察甲板的病变最有效的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是<span style="color: black;">定时</span>拍照，拍照<span style="color: black;">同期</span>在指甲旁放上标尺，以便对比不<span style="color: black;">同期</span>间病变在甲板上的位置、形状变化。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-327a0eb88593ef3da29e57cc3bfe7969_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图注：<span style="color: black;">上下</span>图拍照时间相差3周。黑斑形状没变化，但位置往前移了，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>判断可能是甲下<span style="color: black;">流血</span>。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>继续观察，黑斑移过的甲板甲床正常<span style="color: black;">就可</span>。自己拍照时<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用小学生的写作业刻度尺<span style="color: black;">就可</span>。</p>
你的见解独到，让我受益匪浅，非常感谢。 期待与你深入交流，共探知识的无穷魅力。 期待更新、坐等、迫不及待等。
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