Cell | IGSF8——全新癌症治疗靶点的发掘
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近年来,<strong style="color: blue;">免疫肿瘤学</strong><span style="color: black;">科研</span>方面的突破性<span style="color: black;">发展</span>带来了肿瘤攻击形式上的重大变革,其治疗效果表现优异,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使以往实践<span style="color: black;">显示</span>手术、放疗、化疗和靶向治疗疗效欠佳的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">出现</span>持久性消退。以PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4等分子为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的<strong style="color: blue;">免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点阻断(ICB)疗法</strong>是近年来免疫肿瘤学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中的热门<span style="color: black;">行业</span>之一。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的ICB治疗只对<span style="color: black;">少许</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有益。<strong style="color: blue;">癌症抵抗和逃避免疫的两个<span style="color: black;">重点</span>机制</strong>是癌细胞表达<span style="color: black;">控制</span>分子<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的T细胞功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>和MHC-I丢失<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的抗原呈递缺陷,即T细胞排斥。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span>,缺乏MHC-I的细胞,会被自然杀伤细胞(NK)识别并杀死。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,疑问随之而来:<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">为么</span>MHC-I缺陷的肿瘤细胞不会被NK细胞杀死?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2024年4月23日,寻百会生物的联合创始人肖腾飞博士、刘小乐博士以及首席信息官胡熙浩博士<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">一起</span>通讯作者,在顶刊《Cell》上<span style="color: black;">发布</span>一篇名为<strong style="color: blue;">《IGSF8 is an innate immune checkpoint and cancer immunotherapy target》</strong>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">文案</span>。(图1)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240513/0f3d75cd29714ff59c79b67be021112c.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">经过</span><strong style="color: blue;">CRISPR筛选</strong>,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肿瘤表达的<strong style="color: blue;">IGSF8</strong><span style="color: black;">经过</span>与NK细胞上的人KIR3DL2和小鼠Klra9受体相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>来<span style="color: black;">控制</span>NK细胞功能。IGSF8<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在神经元组织中表达,在体外或<span style="color: black;">身体</span>都不是细胞存活所必需的。在许多肿瘤中,会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>过表达并且与低抗原呈递、低免疫浸润和较差的临床结果<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。阻断IGSF8-NK受体相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的抗体在体外和<span style="color: black;">身体</span>均上调了NK细胞的杀伤<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。在同基因肿瘤模型中,抗IGSF8单独或与抗PD-1联合<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>肿瘤生长。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">IGSF8是一种先天免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>治疗癌症的靶点</strong>。(图2)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240513/d8542815af0c4b2ca6590d3cd2f143fb.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>IGSF8与NK细胞</strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员用MHC-I高表达的COLO205人结肠癌细胞系和MHC-I缺乏的AGS人胃癌细胞系进行了NK细胞共培养CRISPR筛选,鉴定影响NK细胞介导的癌细胞杀伤的基因。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">负<span style="color: black;">选取</span>基因是NK细胞的<span style="color: black;">控制</span>基因,正<span style="color: black;">选取</span>基因是NK细胞的激活配体。除了预期的靶标外,IGSF8在两类细胞筛选中始终<span style="color: black;">做为</span>强<strong style="color: blue;">负<span style="color: black;">选取</span>基因</strong><span style="color: black;">显现</span>。IGSF8(<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为EWI-2、CD316、LIR-D1)是免疫球蛋白超家族EWI亚家族的成员,但很少有<span style="color: black;">发布</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>直接探究IGSF8的功能。来自DepMap项目的在基线<span style="color: black;">前提</span>下(<span style="color: black;">无</span>免疫细胞)生长的数百种癌细胞系的CRISPR筛选<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,IGSF8对癌细胞存活<span style="color: black;">无</span>重大影响。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了验证恶性细胞中IGSF8缺失<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>NK细胞杀伤力的假设,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员敲除癌细胞系中的IGSF8,观察到原代NK细胞的杀伤<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>,结合其他癌细胞实验,<span style="color: black;">显示</span>IGSF8在不同类型的癌症中<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">一样</span>的<span style="color: black;">控制</span>功能。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>敲除MHC-I成员B2M,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>改变IGSF8 mRNA或蛋白表达,<span style="color: black;">显示</span>IGSF8对NK细胞毒性的<span style="color: black;">控制</span>可能<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>MHC-I不<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的机制介导的。在共培养过程中的观察结果<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">IGSF8<span style="color: black;">经过</span>抑制脱颗粒来<span style="color: black;">控制</span>NK细胞介导的细胞毒性</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>IGSF8基因在人和小鼠之间的序列同源性,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">运用</span>两种不同的CRISPR gRNAs敲除小鼠模型(B16-F10)中的IGSF8,<span style="color: black;">一样</span>观察到NK细胞杀伤<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,IGSF8敲除在体外对B16-F10细胞生长影响不大,但在<span style="color: black;">身体</span>可<span style="color: black;">明显</span>降低C57BL/6同基因小鼠的肿瘤生长。流式细胞术检测肿瘤浸润的CD45+细胞<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,敲除B16-F10中的IGSF8<span style="color: black;">引起</span>NK和CD8 T细胞<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>,对巨噬细胞的影响很小。RNA-seq图谱<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,IGSF8敲除<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肿瘤中NK细胞介导的细胞杀伤力<span style="color: black;">明显</span>上调,抗原加工和呈递<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,T细胞信号传导<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。以上<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">IGSF8是一个NK细胞<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点和新的免疫治疗靶点</strong>。(图3)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240513/e391e7f4bcad4d7eb6e1f9f47570626f.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>IGSF8的<span style="color: black;">控制</span>机制</strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到,IGSF8蛋白<span style="color: black;">一般</span>与PBMC中的静息NK细胞存在弱相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,但在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中的CRISPR筛选中<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的扩增NK细胞中,这种相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>显着<span style="color: black;">加强</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员采用了两种不同的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,以鉴定IGSF8在人NK细胞上的结合部位。首先比较两种细胞群体之间的RNA-seq谱,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>KIR3DL2是差异表达的高数量受体。其次进行CRISPR筛选,再次确定了<strong style="color: blue;">KIR3DL2基因在NK细胞中的缺失会降低IGSF8与NK细胞的结合程度</strong>。(图4)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240513/841b7b654ed14709a5d35ab5087c89fc.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">KIR3DL2是杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIRs)的一员,3D结构建模<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,IGSF8与人和小鼠MHC-I和B2M蛋白的alpha3结构域<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>高度的结构<span style="color: black;">类似</span>性,证实<strong style="color: blue;">IGSF8<span style="color: black;">能够</span>代替MHC-I/B2M与KIR3DL2结合</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员用几种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>验证了KIR3DL2和IGSF8之间的特异性相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<span style="color: black;">包含</span>但不限于<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>亲和力、特异性抗体阻断测试以及高通量相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>筛选等,证明了<strong style="color: blue;">IGSF8和人类NK细胞上的KIR3DL2受体之间存在特异性相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">接下来,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员试图<span style="color: black;">评定</span>IGSF8-KIR3DL2相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>对NK细胞介导的细胞毒性的影响。一系列<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了<strong style="color: blue;">IGSF8<span style="color: black;">经过</span>其与KIR3DL2的特异性相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>NK细胞介导的细胞杀伤力</strong>的证据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在小鼠中Ly49家族的Klra9与人KIR3DL2功能<span style="color: black;">类似</span>,其mRNA在与小鼠IGSF8蛋白结合的NK细胞中<span style="color: black;">显著</span>更丰富,其蛋白与CT26-IGSF8细胞存在特异性结合。<strong style="color: blue;">KIR3DL2和Klra9的镜像功能和遗传特征<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,它们与IGSF8的相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>在调节NK细胞中起<span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span></strong>。(图5)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240513/4d9ed4da725940ac877f0a014f28efdb.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>IGSF8在癌症中的高表达</strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<strong style="color: blue;">癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)肿瘤谱</strong>中,IGSF8 mRNA在黑色素瘤中最为丰富,并且在许多实体肿瘤类型中<span style="color: black;">明显</span>过表达。不同细胞中的RNA 测序分析<span style="color: black;">亦</span>证实,IGSF8在恶性细胞中表达最高。IGSF8 mRNA的表达与MHC-I成员B2M呈负<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对公开数据的调查<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,IGSF8 较高的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>较差的免疫浸润、对细胞毒性的低易感性、抗原呈递缺陷以及抗PD1治疗的抗性。与其他实体肿瘤相比,肾癌<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>不同的肿瘤免疫微环境和ICB反应特征,和IGSF8在肾癌中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>与其他实体肿瘤不同,支持其<span style="color: black;">做为</span>免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点的潜在<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。(图6)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240513/048e01284acf4b879baaaf0d210edf5b.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员进一步在蛋白质水平上进行验证,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>在多种肿瘤组织上进行免疫组化染色,观察到MHC-I和IGSF8蛋白在相同肿瘤样本中不同恶性细胞之间的异质性和反向表达。这一结果提示<strong style="color: blue;">IGSF8在MHC-I缺乏的肿瘤中逃避NK细胞攻击的潜在<span style="color: black;">功效</span></strong>。(图7)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240513/9680098320264d98b8285c14672cd848.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员结合IGSF8 mRNA表达与临床结果之间的关系,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><strong style="color: blue;">良好的抗原呈递和低IGSF8表达可能是抗PD1反应的信息预测或指标</strong>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>阻断IGSF8与其NK受体相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span></strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span><strong style="color: blue;">小鼠模型</strong>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员推断<span style="color: black;">经过</span>抗体系统阻断IGSF8可能<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>良好的耐受性。随之<span style="color: black;">研发</span>了一种针对IGSF8的高亲和力高特异性抗体(IGSF8.06),以阻断IGSF8与其结合受体之间的相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<strong style="color: blue;">体外</strong><span style="color: black;">评定</span>中,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>它<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>扩增NK细胞对AGS和COLO205细胞的细胞毒性。该抗体还<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了PBMC<span style="color: black;">源自</span>的NK细胞对过表达IGSF8或HLA-C的K562细胞的杀伤力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<strong style="color: blue;">组织</strong>模型中,再次观察到PBMC<span style="color: black;">源自</span>的NK细胞在IGSF8.06治疗后对这些恶性细胞的杀伤<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<strong style="color: blue;">小鼠</strong>模型中,IGSF8.06抗体<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>表达Klra9的扩增小鼠脾源性NK细胞对小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞的细胞毒性。总之,这些结果<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,IGSF8.06抗体<span style="color: black;">经过</span>阻断IGSF8与其NK受体的相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>来<span style="color: black;">加强</span>NK细胞对恶性细胞的杀伤力。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5、</span>IGSF8.06抗体在<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的抗肿瘤<span style="color: black;">功效</span></strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员在B16-F10同基因肿瘤模型中检测了IGSF8.06抗体的<span style="color: black;">身体</span>疗效。在肿瘤生长<span style="color: black;">控制</span>和小鼠存活率方面,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>观察到<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的<span style="color: black;">身体</span>疗效。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">抗IGSF8的抗体阻断IGSF8与其NK受体之间的相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,激活先天免疫,促进抗原呈递,以NK细胞依赖的方式<span style="color: black;">控制</span>肿瘤生长,并与抗PD1治疗<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>叠加效应</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了IGSF8,这是一个<strong style="color: blue;">以前未被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的NK细胞<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点</strong>,在恶性细胞上高度表达以<span style="color: black;">控制</span>NK细胞介导的细胞杀伤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">IGSF8是一个NK细胞<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点,IGSF8可能<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>额外的癌细胞内在和外在功能。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员针对此<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>了IGSF8.06抗体,专门针对在恶性细胞上表达的IGSF8,阻断IGSF8与NK细胞的相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。该抗体的独特之处在于,它刺激NK细胞杀死<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>抗原呈递缺陷和应激信号的恶性细胞,而<span style="color: black;">保存</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>正常MHC - 1且<span style="color: black;">无</span>应激信号的正常细胞。这种抗体<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能有助于防止最初对抗PD-1或抗PD-L1抗体有反应的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">经过</span>抗原呈递丢失而产生的耐药性。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>PD1/PD-L1双重靶向T细胞和<span style="color: black;">经过</span>IGSF8/KIR3DL2双重靶向NK细胞可能达到最佳疗效,并减少免疫治疗耐药的<span style="color: black;">显现</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员在文末<span style="color: black;">说到</span>:<span style="color: black;">日前</span>正在癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的I期临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中<span style="color: black;">科研</span>抗IGSF8<span style="color: black;">做为</span>癌症免疫疗法的安全性和临床活性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.039<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回首页,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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