时下最火的App自动化利器：Toast原理解析及操作实例，快速上手没阻碍！
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">简介</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Toast 是一种轻量级的<span style="color: black;">信息</span>提示，常常以小弹框的形式<span style="color: black;">显现</span>，<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span> 1 到 2 秒会自动消失，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>屏幕上中下任意位置。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Toast<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>如下的特点：</p><span style="color: black;">没</span>法被点击，<span style="color: black;">区别</span>于 Dialog，永远不会<span style="color: black;">得到</span>焦点。Toast <span style="color: black;">表示</span>的时间有限，Toast 会<span style="color: black;">按照</span>用户设置的<span style="color: black;">表示</span>时间后自动消失是系统级别的控件，属于系统 settings<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Toast 的思想：尽可能不引人<span style="color: black;">重视</span>，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还向用户<span style="color: black;">表示</span>信息，<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>用户看到。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如下图，<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一种 Toast <span style="color: black;">信息</span>框类型：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240320/35f988ce191c4d05b3b018215456799f.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Toast 定位</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Appium 在抓取 Toast 时，<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的是 uiautomator 底层，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>将 Toast 元素放入控件树中。<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是，Toast 本身并不属于常规的用户界面控件，而是一种短暂的<span style="color: black;">信息</span>提示，在这个过程中，Appium <span style="color: black;">运用</span>的是 uiautomator2。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Toast <span style="color: black;">显现</span>的时间<span style="color: black;">通常</span>比较短，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>等待<span style="color: black;">或</span>打印页面元素的方式判断<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>存在，并且<span style="color: black;">经过</span> Xapth <span style="color: black;">或</span> Accessibility ID 的定位方式找到 Toast 元素。在页面结构中，Toast 元素大致如下所示：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><!-- 在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>看到Toast<span style="color: black;">信息</span>提示框的class是android.widget.Toast，且一个页面<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>一个 --></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><android.widget.Toast index="1" package="com.android.settings" class="android.widget.Toast" text="Clicked popup menu item Search" displayed="true" /></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、配置 driver 的初始化和关闭 driver 的<span style="color: black;">过程</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">class TestToast:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">def setup_class(self):</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">caps = {</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">platformName: android,</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">appium:appPackage: io.appium.android.apis,</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">appium:appActivity: io.appium.android.apis.view.PopupMenu1,</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">"appium:noReset": True,</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">"appium:shouldTerminateApp": True</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">}</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">self.driver = webdriver.Remote("http://127.0.0.1:4723", options=UiAutomator2Options().load_capabilities(caps))</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">self.driver.implicitly_wait(15)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">def teardown_class(self):</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">self.driver.quit()</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 定位 toast <span style="color: black;">信息</span>提示框</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">def test_get_toast(self):</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"># 定位到 Make a Popup! 按钮并点击</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">self.driver.find_element(AppiumBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, "Make a Popup!").click()</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"># <span style="color: black;">信息</span>框类型<span style="color: black;">选取</span>search</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">self.driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text=Search]").click()</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"># 获取 Toast 弹框文本信息</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">result = self.driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*").text</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">assert result == "Clicked popup menu item Search"</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总结</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Toast <span style="color: black;">信息</span>提示框是一个<span style="color: black;">显现</span>时间短并且<span style="color: black;">没</span>法被点击，<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>用 Xpath <span style="color: black;">或</span> Accessibility ID 的方式去定位。</p>
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