外贸术语:FOB,CIF,C&F,CFR分别都是什么意思?有什么区别?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">FOB、CIF、C&F、CFR有3点<span style="color: black;">区别</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>四者的概述<span style="color: black;">区别</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、FOB的概述:FOB(Free On Board),<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“船上交货价”,是国际贸易中常用的贸易术语之一。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、CIF的概述:CIF术语的中译名为成本加保险费加运费,(指定目的港,其原文为Cost,Insurance and Freight(insert named port of destination)按此术语成交,货价的<span style="color: black;">形成</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>中<span style="color: black;">包含</span>从装运港至约定目的地港的<span style="color: black;">一般</span>运费和约定的保险费。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、C&F的概述:成本加运费(Cost and Freight)(named port of shipment),指定目的港。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、CFR的概述:CFR是Cost and Freight的简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,中文意思是成本加运费,指在装运港船上交货,卖方需支付将货物运至指定目的地港所需的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>。但货物的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>是在装运港船上交货时转移。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-7f07f1e2b7d8f4dff243084a2c1834f2_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>四者的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>规定:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、FOB的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>规定:按离岸价进行的交易,买方负责派船接运货物,卖方应在合同规定的装运港和规定的期限内将货物装上买方指定的船只,并<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">通告</span>买方。货物在装运港被装上指定船时,<span style="color: black;">危害</span>即由卖方转移至买方。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、CIF的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>规定:卖方除<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>与CFR术语的相同的义务外,还要为买方办理货运保险,支付保险费,按<span style="color: black;">通常</span>国际贸易惯例,卖方投保的保险金额应按CIF价加成10%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如买卖双方未约定<span style="color: black;">详细</span>险别,则卖方只需取得最低限底的保险险别,如买方<span style="color: black;">需求</span>加保战争保险,在保险费由买方<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>的前提下,卖方应予加保,卖方投保时,如能办到,<span style="color: black;">必要</span>以合同货币投保。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、C&F的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>规定:在货物越过指定港的船舷后,就由卖方转向买方<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>.<span style="color: black;">另一</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>卖方办理货物的出口结关手续。本术语适用于海运或内河运输。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、CFR的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>规定:在《2000年通则》中,<span style="color: black;">知道</span>规定CFR术语只能适用于海运和内河航运。如合同当事人不采用越过船舷交货,则应<span style="color: black;">运用</span>CPT术语。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>四者的<span style="color: black;">重视</span>事项<span style="color: black;">区别</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、FOB的<span style="color: black;">重视</span>事项:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)我国外贸<span style="color: black;">公司</span>应严格按出口合同规定装运货物,制作单据,以防止买方找到借口拒付货款。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)国外代收行最好不由进口人指定,若确有必要,应事先征得托收行同意。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)对贸易<span style="color: black;">管理</span>和外汇<span style="color: black;">管理</span>较严的国家,在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>D/P方式时要<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>小心<span style="color: black;">小心</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、CIF的<span style="color: black;">重视</span>事项:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">按CIF术语成交,虽然由卖方安排货物运输和办理货运保险,但卖方并不承担<span style="color: black;">保准</span>把货送到约定目的港的义务,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>CIF是属于装运交货的术语,而不是目的港交货的术语,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说CIF不是“到岸价” 。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CIF到岸价即成本、保险费加运费"<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>在装运港被装上承运人船舶时即完成交货。由卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费。买方应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到,CIF术语只<span style="color: black;">需求</span>卖方投保最低限度的保险险别。如买方<span style="color: black;">必须</span>更高的保险险别,则<span style="color: black;">必须</span>与卖方<span style="color: black;">知道</span>地达成协议,<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">自动</span>作出额外的保险安排。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、C&F的<span style="color: black;">重视</span>事项:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在CFR术语下,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>装船<span style="color: black;">通告</span>问题。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>在CFR术语下,卖方负责安排运输,而买方<span style="color: black;">自动</span>办理保险,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>在货物装上船前,即<span style="color: black;">危害</span>转移至买方前,买方<span style="color: black;">即时</span>向保险<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">办好</span>保险,是CFR合同中一个至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的问题。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>INCOTERMS强调卖方<span style="color: black;">必要</span>毫不迟延地<span style="color: black;">通告</span>买方货物已装上船。否则,卖方要承担违约责任。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、CFR的<span style="color: black;">重视</span>事项:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)卖方应<span style="color: black;">即时</span>发出装船<span style="color: black;">通告</span>:按CFR<span style="color: black;">要求</span>成交时,由卖方安排运输,由买方办理货运保险。如卖方不<span style="color: black;">即时</span>发出装船<span style="color: black;">通告</span>,则买方就<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">即时</span>办理货运保险,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>漏保货运险的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,卖方装船后务必<span style="color: black;">即时</span>向买方发出装船<span style="color: black;">通告</span>,否则,卖方应承担货物在运输途中的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和损失。</p>(2)按CFR进口应<span style="color: black;">谨慎</span>行事:在进口业务中,按CFR<span style="color: black;">要求</span>成交时,鉴于由外商安排装运,由我方负责保险,故应<span style="color: black;">选取</span>资信好的国外客户成交,并对船舶提出适当<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,以防外商与船方勾结,出具假提单,租用不适航的船舶,或伪造品质证书与产地证明。若<span style="color: black;">显现</span>这类<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,会使我方蒙受<span style="color: black;">不该</span>有的损失。
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