外贸中，船企业S/O(订舱单)文件英文解释！
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">S/O（shipping order）订舱单</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>shipping order 的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>是什么？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">订舱<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>书（shipping note）即(托运单)，货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>订舱依据。货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span>收到托运单后，审核托运单，确定装运船船舶后，将托运单的配舱回单退回，并将全套装货单（shipping order）交给进出口<span style="color: black;">机构</span>填写，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>由货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">表率</span>进出口<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>托运人向外轮代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>办同物托运手续。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>S/O定舱单<span style="color: black;">或</span>落货纸</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">C/O: certificte of origin <span style="color: black;">通常</span>原产地证,由商会出具</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">P/O: purchase order 采购单</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">P/I: proformer invoice 形式发票</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">S/O: shipping order 落货纸</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">装货单（shipping order）装货单又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>关单，下货纸，是船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或其代理签发给货物托运人的一种<span style="color: black;">通告</span>船方装货的凭证，船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>收到托运单后<span style="color: black;">按照</span>船舶配载原则，结合货物和<span style="color: black;">详细</span>航线，港口的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，安排船只和舱位，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>签发S/O<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>接受这批货物的承运。S/O一经签发，承运托运双方即受其约束。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，托运人凭船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>签章的装货单<span style="color: black;">需求</span>船长将货物装船之前，还需先到海关办理货物装船出口的报关手续，经海关查验后，在S/O上加盖海关放行章，<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>该票货物已<span style="color: black;">准许</span>装船出口，<span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>船长装货，这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>装货单习<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>关单的由来。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>运输过程中<span style="color: black;">必须</span>编制<span style="color: black;">各样</span>单据</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了<span style="color: black;">保准</span>进出口货物的安全交接，在<span style="color: black;">全部</span>运输过程中<span style="color: black;">必须</span>编制<span style="color: black;">各样</span>单据。这些单证各有其特定的用途，彼此之间又有相互依存的关系。它们既把船、港、货各方联系在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>，又能分清各自的权利和业务。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">按<span style="color: black;">实质</span>业务程序介绍<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>的货运单证。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">托运单（booking note）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">托运单俗<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“下货纸”，是托运人<span style="color: black;">按照</span>贸易合同和信用证条款内容填制的，向承运人或其代理办理货物托运的单证。承运人<span style="color: black;">按照</span>托运单内容，并结合船舶的航线、挂靠港、船期和舱位等<span style="color: black;">要求</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>，认为合适后，即接受托运。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">装货单(shipping order）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">装货单是接受了托运人提出装运申请的船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>签发给托运人，凭以命令船长将承运的货物装船的单据。装货单既可用作装船依据，又是货主凭此向海关办理出口货物申报手续的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>单据之一，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>装货单又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“关单”，对托运人而言，装货单是<span style="color: black;">办好</span>货物托运的证明。对船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或其代理而言，装货单是<span style="color: black;">通告</span>船方接受装运该批货物的指示文件。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">收货单（mates receipt）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">受货单又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>大副收据，是船舶收到货物的收据及货物<span style="color: black;">已然</span>装船的凭证。船上大副<span style="color: black;">按照</span>理货人员在理货单上所签注的日期、件数及舱位，并与装货单进行核对后，签署大副收据。托运人凭大副签署过的大副收据，向承运人或其代理人换取已装船提单。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">以上</span>三份单据的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>项目基本一致，我国<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>口岸的做法是将托运单、装货单、收货单、运费<span style="color: black;">通告</span>单等合在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>，制成一份多达9联的单据。各联<span style="color: black;">功效</span>如下：<span style="color: black;">第1</span>联由订舱人留底，用于缮制船务单证。第<span style="color: black;">2、</span>三联为运费<span style="color: black;">通告</span>联，其中一联留存，另一联随帐单向托运人托收运费。第四联装货单经海关加盖放行章后，船方<span style="color: black;">才可</span>收货装船。第五联收货单及第六联由配舱人留底。第<span style="color: black;">7、</span>八联为配舱回单。第九联是缴纳出口货物港务费申请书。货物装船完毕后，港区凭以向托运人收取港杂费。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">海运提单（bill of lading）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">提单是一种货物所有权凭证。提单持有人可据以提取货物，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可凭此向银行押汇，还可在载货船舶到达目的港交货之前进行转让。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">装货<span style="color: black;">名单</span>（loading list）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">装货<span style="color: black;">名单</span>是承运人<span style="color: black;">按照</span>装货单留底，将全船待装货物按目的港和货物性质归类，依航次、靠港<span style="color: black;">次序</span><span style="color: black;">摆列</span>编制的装货单汇总<span style="color: black;">名单</span>，其内容<span style="color: black;">包含</span>装货单编号、货名、件数、包装形式、毛重、估计尺码及特种货物对装运的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>或<span style="color: black;">重视</span>事项的说明等。装货<span style="color: black;">名单</span>是船上大副编制配载计划的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>依据，又是供现场理货人员进行理货，港方安排驳运，进出库场以及承运人<span style="color: black;">把握</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>的业务单据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">舱单（manifest）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">舱单是<span style="color: black;">根据</span>货港逐票<span style="color: black;">陈列</span>全船载运货物的汇总<span style="color: black;">名单</span>。它是在货物装船完毕之后，由船<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>收货单或提单编制的。其<span style="color: black;">重点</span>内容包</p>
我赞同你的看法，你的智慧让人佩服，谢谢分享。 你的见解真是独到，让我受益良多。
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