英语文献中常见的拉丁词汇总
在英语中，我们时常会碰到拉丁语的词或短语，这是因为英语与拉丁语属于同语系（印欧语系）、不同语族（英语属于日耳曼语族，而拉丁语属于罗曼语族）。下面我们就罗列出一些英语文献中常见的拉丁词，供大家参考。图片
（图源：视觉中国）
1. a priori [ˌeɪ praɪˈɔ:raɪ] 推理的；先验的
In the absence of such evidence, there is no a priori hypothesis to work with.
没有此类证据，就没有可以推理的前提。
2. ad hoc [ˌæd ˈhɒk] 特别的; 临时的; 特设的
The Council meets on an ad hoc basis to discuss problems.
议会临时安排会议讨论问题。
3. ceteris paribus 英 [ˈsitərisˈpæribəs] / 美 [ˌketərɪsˈpærəbəs] 同等情况下
Note that carbon-fibre composites make aircraft lighter, and therefore cut emissions, ceteris paribus. (Andrew Stuttaford, National Review, 3 June, 2021) ronest.cn
4. cf. abbr. = conferatur (Latin=compare) 比较
For the more salient remarks on the matter, cf. Isis Unveiled, Vol. I.
关于这个问题的更重要的评论，参看《揭开面纱的伊希斯》第一卷。
5. de facto [ˌdeɪ ˈfæktəʊ] 实际的，事实上的
This might be interpreted as a de facto recognition of the republic's independence.
可以认为这实际上承认了该共和国的独立。
6. e.g. [ˌi: ˈdʒi:] abbr. = exempli gratia 例如
We need helpers of all types, engineers, scientists (e.g. geologists) and teachers.
我们需要各方面的帮手：工程师、科学家（例如地质学家）和教师。
7. et al. [ˌet ˈæl] abbr. = et alii/alia 等人，等物，等等
This book is by John, Jones, et al.
这本书的作者是约翰 、琼斯等人。
8. etc. [ˌet ˈsetərə] abbr. = et cetera（常读作 and so forth）等等
Remember to take some paper, a pen, etc.
记住带些纸、笔等东西。
9. ibid. ['ɪbɪd] abbr. = ibidem（指在同一书或作品中）同前，同上
Here, “the RT is last week, the ET is an unspecified time prior to last week, and the ST occurs after both RT and ET” (ibid.). (Handbook of Discourse Analysis, 2001)
10. i.e. abbr. = id est 也就是，亦即
the basic essentials of life, i.e. housing, food and water
生活的基本需要，即住房、食物和水
11. in situ 英 [ˌɪn ˈsɪtju:] / 美 [ˌɪn ˈsaɪtu] 在原位置，在原处
Major works of painting, sculpture, mosaic and architecture were examined in situ in Venice.
重要的绘画、雕塑、镶嵌画和建筑作品都在威尼斯原地得到了仔细检查。
12. N.B.abbr. = nota bene (Latin=note well) 留意，注意
N.B., work is canceled on Friday. (网络例句)
13. per se[ˌpɜ: ˈseɪ] 本身，本质上
Global warming per se is not really the problem; the catastrophic climate changes which might be caused by it are.
全球变暖本身并不是真正的问题；可能由它引发的灾害性天气变化才是问题所在。
14. prima facie [ˌpraɪmə ˈfeɪʃi] 基于初步印象的；初步认定的
There was a prima facie case that a contempt of court had been committed.
表面上看这是一宗藐视法庭的案件。
15. p.s.abbr. = postscript (Latin=postscriptum) （信的）附笔
P.S. You'll never get in trouble if you say "I love you" at least once a day. (Ronald Reagan to his son)
16. quasi英 [ˈkwɑːzi(ː)] / 美 [ˈkwɑsi] 类似的，准的
The flame is a quasi-religious emblem of immortality.
火焰可以算作不朽的宗教象征。
17. status quo [ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwəʊ] 现状
By 492 votes to 391, the federation voted to maintain the status quo.
联邦以492票对391票的投票结果决定维持现状。
18. vice versa [ˌvaɪs ˈvɜːsə] 反过来也一样，反之亦然
Teachers qualified to teach in England are not accepted in Scotland and vice versa.
在英格兰有教书资格的老师在苏格兰得不到认可，反之亦然。
19. viz <书，尤英> 即，就是
Three subjects must be taken, viz., English, mathematics and history.
三个科目是必修的，即英文、数学和历史。
20. vs. abbr. = versus [ˈvɜːsəs] 对（比），与…...相对
The court decided against the plaintiff in the case of James vs. Smith.
在詹姆斯对史密斯一案中，法院判决原告败诉。
* 除标注外，例句全部来自牛津和柯林斯英语词典。
我深感你的理解与共鸣，愿对话长流。 顶楼主，说得太好了！
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