盘点:2022年最激动人心的5大癌症发展
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在过去几年的医学科学<span style="color: black;">报告</span>中,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看到人类在对抗癌症的过程中取到了<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的、令人振奋的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2022年,对抗癌症的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了的新转折,<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>加速癌症疫苗的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>、<span style="color: black;">保证</span>十年缓解的免疫细胞疗法等;<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>故事描述了令人兴奋的新<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>真菌在肿瘤生物学中可能发挥的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>以及宠物癌症诊断的新兴<span style="color: black;">行业</span>等。<span style="color: black;">近期</span>,国内<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>对这一<span style="color: black;">行业</span>进行了总结。让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>一下。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">No.1</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">将COVID-19疫苗技术应用于癌症</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>疫苗从<span style="color: black;">开发</span>到<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>10到15年的时间,但新型冠状病毒疫苗在不到一年的时间便诞生于世、投入<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,部分<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是在过去几十年间<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span>在<span style="color: black;">研发</span>类似的癌症疫苗。这些疫苗要发挥<span style="color: black;">功效</span>离不开信使RNA或mRNA链,信使RNA链使免疫细胞能够识别和摧毁病毒或肿瘤细胞等入侵者。然而,在癌症病例中,癌症细胞存在多种形态,其胞内物质<span style="color: black;">亦</span>存在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>差异,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>癌症疫苗常用于治疗而非预防,这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着在临床运用中此类疫苗将面临<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>挑战。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">专家</span>在冠状病毒<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中收获了<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的mRNA知识与技术,并打算将这些理论、技术与癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">科研</span>相结合,期望克服这些癌症疫苗挑战。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">比利时布鲁塞尔自由大学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>mRNA疫苗的生物医学<span style="color: black;">专家</span>Karine Breckpot<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>:“在一场大流行之后,科学界才广泛接受mRNA疫苗”。“但COVID-19 mRNA疫苗的<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>证明了这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的安全性,这<span style="color: black;">没</span>疑是打开了癌症疫苗的<span style="color: black;">前门</span>。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">No.2</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CAR-T细胞疗法使<span style="color: black;">病人</span>十年<span style="color: black;">没</span>癌</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个CAR-T细胞免疫疗法在2017年才<span style="color: black;">得到</span>FDA<span style="color: black;">准许</span>,但短短几年内,该技术已<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>癌症最有<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>之一。基于CAR的疗法<span style="color: black;">包含</span>提取一个人的免疫细胞并进行基因工程改造,以便在将它们注入<span style="color: black;">身体</span>之前能够更好地识别和对抗癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2010年,两名血癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受了CAR-T细胞治疗;十年后,这些<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>仍存在用于治疗的抗癌免疫细胞,这<span style="color: black;">显示</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>持久。在宣布此结果的简报会上,宾夕法尼亚大学肿瘤学家David Porter<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>:这种疗法的表现“超出了<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>最疯狂的预期”。CAR疗法并不适合所有人,但它们已被证明对某些癌症非常有效,并且<span style="color: black;">能够</span>适应其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2022年9月,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,五名<span style="color: black;">身患</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>(狼疮)的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受了CAR-T细胞治疗,这些治疗似乎重置了<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的免疫系统并消除了<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的症状。上海免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所的免疫学家Linrong Lu在接受《科学<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>》采访时<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>这一结果是“革命性的”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">No.3</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">专家</span>揭示细胞<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>移动,为癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">供给</span>信息</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">你能够想象<span style="color: black;">形成</span>人体的数万亿个细胞在<span style="color: black;">持续</span>来回移动吗?约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的细胞生物学家Peter Devreotes告诉Quanta:“<span style="color: black;">每日</span>,你看着你的身体,它并<span style="color: black;">无</span>太大变化,但它里面的细胞在<span style="color: black;">持续</span>迁移。”<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">一般</span>认为细胞沿着化学物质或分子的简单梯度移动,类似于跟随饼干的气味去面包店。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但<span style="color: black;">近期</span>,<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了细胞<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用来<span style="color: black;">操作</span>自己的“自我生成梯度”,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>模仿英格兰著名的汉普顿宫树篱迷宫构建的微型迷宫。它们<span style="color: black;">经过</span>代谢<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的化学物质来产生新的梯度,<span style="color: black;">或</span>在某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>软化它们<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的细胞,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>刚度梯度。此后,这种运动与从癌症<span style="color: black;">发展</span>到免疫细胞迁移再到胚胎<span style="color: black;">生长</span>的所有事情息息<span style="color: black;">关联</span>;它可能对旨在将癌细胞吸引到它们更脆弱的区域的疗法产生影响。奥地利科学技术<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所的博士后Jonna Alanko<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>:“它<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">忽然</span>随处可见,我很确定这只是冰山一角。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">No.4</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症与<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>微生物组的细菌和真菌<span style="color: black;">相关</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020年,<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span>被认为是<span style="color: black;">没</span>菌的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上充斥着微生物。起初,大部分工作仅限于观察这种肿瘤微生物组的细菌<span style="color: black;">成份</span>,2022年,科学家们将<span style="color: black;">重视</span>力<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>转向真菌部分,鉴定来自35种不同癌症的肿瘤中的真菌,并在身体的七个不同部位鉴定肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>真菌,结果让该<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>人感到惊讶。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员指出,在肿瘤中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的总组合-<span style="color: black;">包含</span>病毒、噬菌体、原生动物以及细菌和真菌,这些<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是癌症类型所独有的。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>可能能够利用微生物组更早地检测和监测癌症,诊断棘手的病例,并<span style="color: black;">研发</span><span style="color: black;">操作</span>微生物组直接杀死癌症的疗法,<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>使其<span style="color: black;">更易</span>受到现有治疗的影响。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">No.5</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">应用于动物癌症的基因组学<span style="color: black;">工具</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在COVID-19大流行<span style="color: black;">时期</span>,五分之一的美国家庭收养了一只<span style="color: black;">爱宠</span>物,<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,人们越来越愿意为宠物的医疗需求掏出<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的钱。兽医肿瘤学家Andi Flory<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>:“宠物主人更<span style="color: black;">喜爱</span>专业护理和高级诊断,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>对待<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的宠物就像对待家人<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,并且<span style="color: black;">起始</span>期望<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的宠物得到与自己相同的医疗保健水平。”几家<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">颁布</span>了诊断<span style="color: black;">工具</span>,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>基因组数据来标记40多种犬癌并<span style="color: black;">研发</span>个性化治疗。但与为人类<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>的测试不同,动物测试不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>监管<span style="color: black;">分部</span>的<span style="color: black;">准许</span>。四分之一的狗在其<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>中会被诊断出<span style="color: black;">身患</span>癌症,但并非所有癌症都是致命的。宠物主人<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>自掏腰包支付大笔<span style="color: black;">花费</span>来<span style="color: black;">知道</span>诊断,但却<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>可用的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>很少。为了<span style="color: black;">研发</span>更好的<span style="color: black;">工具</span>和疗法,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>正在<span style="color: black;">创立</span>数据库,以更好地表征狗种群的遗传变异。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">科技<span style="color: black;">持续</span>进步、<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者勇于探索等让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>得以见证癌症<span style="color: black;">行业</span>更为前沿的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>、得以见证<span style="color: black;">有些</span>新<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>发展。新的一年,新的<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,新的发展,让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span>期待。点击下方链接,<span style="color: black;">就可</span><span style="color: black;">查找</span>干细胞治疗癌症的<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">新闻</span>。</p>
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