帽妖显现,三京惊变:推动宋真宗立嗣的帽妖疑案,真相是什么?
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“天禧二年五月, 西京讹言有物如乌帽, 夜飞入人家。”(《宋史·五行志》)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">天禧,是宋真宗的年号,这一年是公元1018年,刚好是宋真宗即位的第二十一年。在这一年的五月,河南一带<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">奥秘</span>的“帽妖”,<span style="color: black;">即</span><span style="color: black;">状如黑色帽子的不明飞行物。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这种不明飞行物,常常被好事者认为是中国古代<span style="color: black;">显现</span>UFO的一大佐证。但在史书记载的传闻中,此物不仅能飞行于天际,更能落地变化为犬狼</span><span style="color: black;">伤人;此物在一年之内纵横千里,使得民众的恐慌<span style="color: black;">心情</span>在西京、东京、南京三地大肆发酵,其影响范围远远超出了目击UFO这种偶然事件的范畴。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240417/386ff1641a0040c98fe9ea16545f4326.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">影视作品中调查帽妖案。</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>/电视剧《梦华录》截图</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,“帽妖”到底是什么?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是当时民众最关心的问题。但当历史的长河滚去,后来人回想帽妖案的始末,却<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>关键之处并不仅限于这个“真相”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">帽妖初现 </strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">三</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">京有变</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">最初,帽妖事件现于河南洛阳。节度使张旻上书说,西京<span style="color: black;">近期</span>有传闻,一个状似帽盖的妖物,常在<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span>飞入民众家中,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>能变成巨狼伤人。</span><span style="color: black;">(丙戌,河阳三城节度使张旻言:“近闻西京讹言,有物如帽盖,夜飞入人家,有变为大狼状,微能伤人。”)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240417/2e07ac1e28ab447ea26cb02c657bd829.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">狼。<span style="color: black;">源自</span>/pixabay</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当地民众人心惶惶,到了<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span>都关闭重重屋门,不敢出行;到后面<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">白日</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>惊疑不定,生怕被帽妖所伤。<span style="color: black;">此时</span>候,帽妖<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">不仅</span>是“<span style="color: black;">流言</span>”<span style="color: black;">那样</span>简单,这则恐怖传闻如滴水入沸油,在民间激起了<span style="color: black;">极重</span>的恐慌。<span style="color: black;">大众</span>中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有艺高胆大的,在<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span>持兵器试图对帽妖进行抓捕,却始终一<span style="color: black;">没</span>所获。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">看得见、传得广,却又摸不着、抓不住,帽妖一事近乎涵盖了一场恐怖传闻扩散的所有有利<span style="color: black;">要求</span>,不出一月,其传闻便从洛阳传播开来,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>帽妖的描述<span style="color: black;">亦</span>越发恐怖。据当时大臣们的调查,帽妖<span style="color: black;">已然</span>到了“形状怪异、变化多端”的骇人程度。民众们的恐惧<span style="color: black;">心情</span>进一步发酵,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>“时自京师以南, 皆重闭深处”,人们不到天黑就关门躲藏,不敢点灯,更不敢发出声音,藏好老弱幼童,在<span style="color: black;">暗中</span>中忧心忡忡地等待天亮。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在古代,科学知识并不发达,再加上神鬼传统的影响,民间<span style="color: black;">针对</span>妖物讹传<span style="color: black;">常常</span>难以保持理性的态度,极易人云<span style="color: black;">也</span>云<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>采取过激<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。于是,在一部分民众忧虑度日的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">也</span>有众多<span style="color: black;">大众</span>在<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span>以家族为单位聚集起来,交流、议论<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>叫嚷壮胆,直至天亮。就连负责守卫城乡安全的军队<span style="color: black;">亦</span>未能在帽妖流言下保持镇定,军中深夜持械聚集常有<span style="color: black;">出现</span>,暗含着<span style="color: black;">极重</span>的社会安全隐患。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">最后</span>,帽妖事件在给民间<span style="color: black;">导致</span>大规模混乱后直达天听,被摆上了宋真宗的案头。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q7.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240417/adb17210d20d409c90fa45d2bbfdc595.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">宋真宗像。<span style="color: black;">源自</span>/中国历史博物馆保管部编《中国历代名人画像谱》,海峡文艺出版社2003年版</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">宋真宗,与中国历史上所有统治者<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,对妖祥谶纬等事极为看重。宋真宗<span style="color: black;">自己</span><span style="color: black;">更加是</span>曾在“天书运动”中大做<span style="color: black;">文案</span>,以天降神书一事封禅泰山,<span style="color: black;">所说</span>“上有所好,下必甚焉”,在帝王<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的影响下,这一时期的大臣们频传吉兆,方士<span style="color: black;">也</span>蜂拥而至,这都在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上助长了神异怪谈的生发、流行。司马光就曾在<span style="color: black;">评估</span>帽妖事件时说“京师妖妄繁炽, 遂有席帽精事”,即京中能人异士聚集,神异传言<span style="color: black;">持续</span>,诱发了帽妖案的传播,此论直指帽妖案的谣传本质。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">没</span>论其受何<span style="color: black;">原因</span>牵动,帽妖真真切切地造<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>社会面的骚动,其怪异反常<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在天人感应的观念下暗示着统治者的失职。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>宋真宗对此<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>了十二分的<span style="color: black;">注重</span>。他立刻让御史吕言对帽妖事件<span style="color: black;">出现</span>地主管官员王嗣宗进行问责;并在宫中设祭祀法事,向神明祷告,期望“以玄制玄”,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>超自然的力量消弭这场妖异的灾祸。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q2.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240417/eede3ceda11d45f6ae53bd2e0f89f34e.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">黄色缎绣缀砗磲璎珞衣。缨珞佛衣是藏传佛教高僧在重大宗教法事,如时轮金刚灌顶等宗教仪轨上的穿着。<span style="color: black;">源自</span>/故宫博物院</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">真相水落石出 </strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">流言</span>防控为上</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">祭祀法事的效果<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>知晓,但想必并不<span style="color: black;">非常</span>如人意。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>帽妖事件并非一场妖异的飞来横祸,而是出于人为,即“实<span style="color: black;">没</span>其状”“意其妖人所为”。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>即<span style="color: black;">所说</span>帽妖擅飞、化狼伤人,<span style="color: black;">基本</span>就<span style="color: black;">无</span>这回事!归根结底,是有心人在<span style="color: black;">暗地里</span>故意散播、推波助澜。<span style="color: black;">为么</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>曾持兵器大肆搜捕却不了了之?又<span style="color: black;">为么</span>传闻如此盛大却始终不见有被害者<span style="color: black;">显现</span>?皆因帽妖本身即为杜撰。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">故而,祷祝只是心理安慰,<span style="color: black;">流言</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法在神灵的垂怜中消弭,宋真宗雷厉风行,于次月立刻颁布了一系列应对政策,展示了中国古代较为成熟的一套流言谣传处理<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>是设立悬赏,对散布帽妖传言的人予以逮捕:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“上虑因缘为奸,诏立赏格,募人告为妖者。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重赏之下必有勇夫,<span style="color: black;">火速</span>便抓获了天赏、耿概、张岗等一行人,这些人或为和尚,或为术士,散播起帽妖流言正是“专业对口”。罪犯被收押后处以弃市之刑,即在闹市中被当街处以死刑,追随者们<span style="color: black;">也</span>被连坐流放,以儆效尤。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q7.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240417/ec143f58399c4e3ea6a77f04994559b3.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">张凑等造石圣僧像,北宋元符三年。<span style="color: black;">源自</span>/故宫博物院</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在彻查事件的过程中,随着社会影响面的扩大,<span style="color: black;">难免</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>冒领悬赏、滥及<span style="color: black;">没</span></span><span style="color: black;">辜的<span style="color: black;">状况</span></span><span style="color: black;">,牵连人数达到了几百人。京中<span style="color: black;">大众</span>接连受到帽妖与朝廷搜捕的两次惊吓,可谓一波未平一波又起,不禁<span style="color: black;">人人自危</span>。朝廷<span style="color: black;">也</span><span style="color: black;">火速</span>对此做出了反应:“屡戒其审察, <span style="color: black;">没</span>使枉滥, 果多不实。”<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>进一步<span style="color: black;">需求</span>办案官员严审<span style="color: black;">这事</span>,避免牵连<span style="color: black;">没</span>辜,又在处理了牵头罪犯的前提下适当怀柔,对“余党”<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>深究,以安抚受惊的<span style="color: black;">大众</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,严肃处理帽妖事发一地——<span style="color: black;">撤掉</span>西京主事人王嗣宗的职位,贬至陕州,治其知情不报、报而不<span style="color: black;">即时</span>的罪责。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">重点</span>涉案人员的处理之外,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>帽妖案<span style="color: black;">消极</span>影响的治理<span style="color: black;">也</span>颇有成效。中央严控帽妖流言,再有谣传者即刻收押。<span style="color: black;">地区</span>上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不甘落后,应天府主事王曾命令民众夜间大开门户,静观其变;<span style="color: black;">同期</span>对传谣者立即逮捕,施以杖刑并驱逐出境,双管齐下,使帽妖传闻不攻自破。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">宋真宗<span style="color: black;">针对</span>帽妖事件的处理经过了两个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。在<span style="color: black;">第1</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>时,帽妖事件尚未<span style="color: black;">导致</span>统治阶层太大<span style="color: black;">注重</span>,朝廷采取了问责官员与祝祷鬼神的例行处理<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,收效甚微。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240417/e0c312f45fc84cd6af69bde435559585.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《搜山图》卷,宋,《搜山图》卷表现的是民间传说二郎神搜山降魔的故事,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为《二郎神搜山图》。<span style="color: black;">源自</span>/故宫博物院</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而在第二<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,朝廷才展示出了国家<span style="color: black;">设备</span>的手段与力量,逮捕首犯与安抚民众并行破除</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">流言</span></span><span style="color: black;">的<span style="color: black;">消极</span>影响</span><span style="color: black;">;</span><span style="color: black;">并对办事不力的官员严肃处理,有效制止了事件的进一步发酵,对后来者治理<span style="color: black;">关联</span>事件有着<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的警醒与示范<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">地上帽妖与天中彗星</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">帽妖案<span style="color: black;">暗地里</span>的隐含<span style="color: black;">寓意</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">帽妖事件既然出于人为,那他<span style="color: black;">到底</span>所图<span style="color: black;">为么</span>?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这一案件<span style="color: black;">暗地里</span>的意图向来众说纷纭,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不若从<span style="color: black;">同期</span>期的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>记载中探寻一二。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">帽妖案事发于五月,嚣盛于六月。巧合的是,正在帽妖传闻于三京闹得沸沸扬扬之时,天象有异,彗星突现。天上的反常与人间的怪异实现了不甚美妙的梦幻联动:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“辛亥,彗出北斗魁。”(《宋史》)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q2.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240417/7c363579b57d46d5a9228939524c0d70.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">彗星。<span style="color: black;">源自</span>/pixabay</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">据《续资治通鉴长编》记载,这一日彗星出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>北斗七星的斗魁第二星</span><span style="color: black;">(即天璇)</span><span style="color: black;">的东北侧,长约三尺,径直向北,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>整整存在了三十七天:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“辛亥,有彗出北斗魁第二星东北,长三尺许,向北行,经天牢,拂文昌,长三丈余,历紫微、三台、轩辕速行而西,至七星,凡三十七日没。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">彗星,是中国古代被赋予了特殊含义的一种星象。早在先秦时期,《左传》就记载了晏子对彗星的看法:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">且天之有彗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>, 以除秽<span style="color: black;">亦</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是古代人民<span style="color: black;">针对</span>彗星的一贯认知,即彗星与<span style="color: black;">劫难</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>强<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性。天空<span style="color: black;">显现</span>彗星<span style="color: black;">表率</span>着上天出手 “除秽”,彗星形似扫把,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>又被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“扫把星”,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就与此<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。唐代《开元占经》中《彗星占》一篇<span style="color: black;">也</span>有许多彗星与灾祸<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的记载。彗星<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,统治者皆警醒<span style="color: black;">注重</span>,或整顿政局,或大赦天下,以期冲散彗星预示的灾祸局面。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在这一次彗星<span style="color: black;">显现</span>后,宋真宗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>做出了<span style="color: black;">快速</span>反应,他即刻下令大赦天下,将流刑以下的罪犯<span style="color: black;">所有</span>赦免,死罪则减去一等论处,以彰显恩惠与仁德。但<span style="color: black;">加入</span>“十恶”的罪犯仍然照法律论罪</span><span style="color: black;">(“十恶”是对古代十种严重<span style="color: black;">害处</span>统治秩序、挑战伦理纲常的严重犯罪<span style="color: black;">行径</span>的总<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>)</span><span style="color: black;">。<span style="color: black;">这里</span>之外,还有几类性质比较<span style="color: black;">卑劣</span>的罪行<span style="color: black;">也</span>不在赦免之列。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有趣的是,在这条政策中<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">说到</span>了“造妖惑众者,论如律”。即造谣传谣、妖言惑众的罪犯,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要<span style="color: black;">根据</span>法律论处,不<span style="color: black;">这里</span>次大赦天下的范围内。结合此前事发的帽妖传闻,两者之间或许有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的联系,可见帽妖影响范围之广、程度之<span style="color: black;">卑劣</span>,<span style="color: black;">也</span>可看出古代<span style="color: black;">针对</span>灾异流言的<span style="color: black;">注重</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q9.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240417/2b1edaa3e5d14f448b612d30cc702ca3.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《祥龙石图》卷,北宋徽宗赵佶绘,卷首画有<span style="color: black;">一起</span>立状太湖石,石顶端生有异草几株。在充满了道教神仙思想的宋徽宗看来,描绘祥瑞之物的绘画活动<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>是单纯的艺术创作,<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是祈祷国家和民族福祉的独特形式和粉饰太平的最好的政治<span style="color: black;">工具</span>。<span style="color: black;">源自</span>/故宫博物院</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以传统天人感应的政治视角来看,世间有大异象,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是统治者失职的表现,帽妖与彗星的接连<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,<span style="color: black;">没</span>疑在皇帝内心翻起了<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">波涛</span>。紧接着,八月份群臣上表请求宋真宗立皇太子,与之前的坚决态度<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,宋真宗在几次犹豫后,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>应许了朝臣的请求,立储之事<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">最终</span>尘埃落定。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">囿于有限的</span><span style="color: black;">史书记载,</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>难以确定帽妖、彗星和立储三者之间的直接<span style="color: black;">相关</span>,然而短短四个月内密集<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了这些事情,还牵涉到灾异隐喻以及国本的安定,这实在很难让人相信其中<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">好事者的有心牵引与推</span><span style="color: black;">波助澜。</span>帽妖事件纯属人为,而彗星事件正是“天助我<span style="color: black;">亦</span>”,有意催促帝王立储的</span><span style="color: black;">臣下自然<span style="color: black;">能够</span>抓住机会大做<span style="color: black;">文案</span>,以超世俗的“神权”对世俗<span style="color: black;">道理</span>上至高的王权进行</span><span style="color: black;">干涉。</span><span style="color: black;">灾异,向来是中国古代臣民<span style="color: black;">上下</span>统治者的有效手段。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">宋拓三国天发神谶碑,<span style="color: black;">《天发神谶碑》,<span style="color: black;">吴天玺元年(276年)所立,<span style="color: black;">为了稳定人心,制造天降神谶文的舆论,以为吴国祥瑞而刻此石。<span style="color: black;">源自</span>/故宫博物院</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当天人感应有了社会<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>遵从的现实解释,某种程度上它就<span style="color: black;">持有</span>了类似习惯法的效力,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>仅仅是君王巩固统治的一个谎言,在<span style="color: black;">实质</span>应用中,自然现象的阐释<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>君主与臣民的双向约束。统治者造出预言与祥瑞佐证自己手中权力的正统性,臣民<span style="color: black;">也</span>借助自然灾害对统治者的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>加以限制<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>推波助澜,施加引导。妖详吉凶,构<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>中国古代封建社会中极具<span style="color: black;">特殊</span>的双向制衡。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">参考文献</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">窦仪等:《宋刑统校证》,北京大学出版社,2015年。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">李焘:《续资治通鉴长编》,中华书局,2004年。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">李昉等:《太平御览》,中华书局,2000年。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">*</span><span style="color: black;">本文经“国家人文历史”(<span style="color: black;">微X</span>ID:gjrwls)授权转载。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">END</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">作者 | </span><span style="color: black;">孙小为</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">编辑 | 胡心雅 郝芮(实习)</span></p>
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