外贸人必知的十二条贸易术语
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q0.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240406/5505c563b3084eaaa8c003a0c5491bf3.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不说废话，直接上干货。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（1）DDP，完税后交货。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">卖方</span><span style="color: black;">办理完进口清关手续，</span><span style="color: black;">将</span><span style="color: black;">货物</span><span style="color: black;">运输</span><span style="color: black;">至</span><span style="color: black;">买方</span><span style="color: black;">指定</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span><span style="color: black;">地<span style="color: black;">（未卸载）</span></span><span style="color: black;">交与买方</span><span style="color: black;">，</span><span style="color: black;">完成交货。</span><span style="color: black;">DD</span><span style="color: black;">P术语下卖方</span><span style="color: black;">担</span><span style="color: black;">责最大化。</span><span style="color: black;">若卖方<span style="color: black;">不可</span>直接或间接地取得进口许可证，则<span style="color: black;">不该</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>此术语；</span><span style="color: black;">若</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>买方承担进口</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">危害</span>和<span style="color: black;">花费</span>，则应<span style="color: black;">运用</span>DDU术语。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q6.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240406/7aeab40723564daf9897200641fce3a3.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（</span><span style="color: black;">2）</span><span style="color: black;">DDU，</span><span style="color: black;">未完税后交货。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">卖方将货物在指定目的地交给买方处置（不卸货），不办理进口手续，即完成交货。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q6.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240406/1a7fa8418e874911a53707a8ee94cbd0.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（</span><span style="color: black;">3）</span><span style="color: black;">DEQ</span><span style="color: black;">，</span><span style="color: black;">目的港码头交货。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">卖方将货物在指定目的地（<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是目的港的码头）交给买方指定的承运人，并办理完出口清关手续，即完成交货。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（4）DES，目的港船上交货。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">货物到达指定目的港，在船上交给买方处置，但不办理货物进口清关手续，卖方即完成交货。适用海运、内河运输。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（5）DAF，边境交货。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">买卖双方协商好交货地点，</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>是毗邻国家海关边界某处。当卖方将货物运输至指定边境<span style="color: black;">周边</span>交货点，<span style="color: black;">办妥</span>出口清关手续，<span style="color: black;">不消</span>卸货，直接由买方接手，并由买方办理进口清关手续。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（6）CIP，运费和保险费。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个条款下，重点地强调了卖方<span style="color: black;">针对</span>货物运至指定目的地过程中的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，由卖方来负责，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>卖方就会为货物购买相适应的保险，且买方有权利确认卖方购买的保险<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>覆盖货物的货值。货物在运输过程中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>毁损，买方可凭卖方<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的保险凭证找保险<span style="color: black;">机构</span>获赔。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240406/c7ef94aac20740868f8ef92af665b891.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（7）CIF，</span><span style="color: black;">成本，</span><span style="color: black;">保险费加运费</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个条款应用比较多。成本，指什么？</span><span style="color: black;">出口货物的出厂价格加上从工厂到港口的运费以及码头上的<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">花费</span>或者<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>还要<span style="color: black;">包含</span>货物的包装费、检验费等等，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>的Cost基本<span style="color: black;">能够</span>等同于FOB你的港口。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">保险费和运费，好理解。卖方要支付货物从起运港至目的港的海运费和保险费。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>当货物装上船之后，<span style="color: black;">没</span>论货物丢失、损毁等<span style="color: black;">危害</span>转嫁到买方，与卖方<span style="color: black;">没</span>关。且买方还要承担货物到达目的港之后的进口清关、提柜及尾程派送等<span style="color: black;">花费</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>CIF条款下，买卖双方的责任<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>船舷为界线。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q8.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240406/816cd97d212c42878b9f72614651cdb7.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（8）CFR，成本加运费。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">显然，是在CIF<span style="color: black;">基本</span>之上，卖方<span style="color: black;">不消</span>为货物购买起运港至目的港间的保险费，只<span style="color: black;">必须</span>支持到达目的港前的海运费，以及货物工厂出厂价加上货装船舷之前的所有内陆费及起运港口杂费。货物装船之后，</span><span style="color: black;">货物灭失或损坏的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，以及<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>事件造成的任何额外<span style="color: black;">花费</span>，由买方承担。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240406/e0a0f17b26a8486f8a7ffd7be0059858.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（9）</span><span style="color: black;">FO</span><span style="color: black;">B，离岸价。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">卖方<span style="color: black;">必须</span>将货物装上买方指定的船上。<span style="color: black;">重视</span>，货物装船，这个船<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>买方自己来安排的，时间和地点由买方来定。货越船舷之后，卖方就不管了。卖方承担的是货物出厂成本，以及货物至指定起运港吊装上船这一过程之间的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>货代业务员，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一外贸客户告诉你，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的货物走的是FOB条款，你就<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>头程和尾程<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>这个外贸客户的国外客户指定货代去做的，你只能去做下国内段的拖车报关环节。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240406/b55070993d1644eaa01e47b942ba6a0d.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（</span><span style="color: black;">10</span><span style="color: black;">）</span><span style="color: black;">FAS</span><span style="color: black;">，</span><span style="color: black;">码头交货。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">卖方将货物运输至指定的起运港的码头（<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>自动吊装待装区）<span style="color: black;">或</span>说是船边，就完<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>交货动作。</span><span style="color: black;">买方<span style="color: black;">必要</span>承担自那时起货物灭失或损坏的一切<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q2.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240406/48097f5fb6cd4319aaa546177a2ad386.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（11）</span><span style="color: black;">FCA，货交承运人。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由卖方办理出口清关手续，将货交到买方指定的承运人手中，即完成交货。<span style="color: black;">重视</span>哈，这与FOB<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的是，此条款的交货地不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>是起运港，而是买方规定的指定地点由买方代理承运人接手，</span><span style="color: black;">交货地点很宽泛。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>这个交货地点的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>在该地点装货和卸货的义务会产生影响。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q8.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240406/aa82063f6c61470bb7bc50c94a16b4eb.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（12</span><span style="color: black;">）</span><span style="color: black;">EXW</span><span style="color: black;">，</span><span style="color: black;">工厂交货。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>卖方是开工厂的，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>他只要在他工厂将货按买卖合同保质保量完成<span style="color: black;">就可</span>，由买方自己来提货并办理进出口清关手续和运输手续。卖方只负责供货，货物出了厂门收了钱就不管了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240406/fad5bfdd889e47c188266dc311fdbf3f.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">对比<span style="color: black;">以上</span></span><span style="color: black;">12个</span><span style="color: black;">外贸条款，</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>很</span><span style="color: black;">直观地</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，</span><span style="color: black;">从1至1</span><span style="color: black;">2来</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">摆列</span>，货代的</span><span style="color: black;">业务机会</span><span style="color: black;">越来越小，</span><span style="color: black;">卖方</span><span style="color: black;">所承担的责任<span style="color: black;">危害</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>越来越小</span><span style="color: black;">。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>货代业务员，</span><span style="color: black;">在</span><span style="color: black;">与工贸客户沟<span style="color: black;">经过</span>程中</span><span style="color: black;">，</span><span style="color: black;">只<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span></span><span style="color: black;">客户</span><span style="color: black;">运输合同</span><span style="color: black;">方式</span><span style="color: black;">，</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">马上</span>就应判断出</span><span style="color: black;">他能做的业务环节</span><span style="color: black;">有多少，这是</span><span style="color: black;">最</span><span style="color: black;">基</span><span style="color: black;">本的</span><span style="color: black;">业</span><span style="color: black;">务素养</span><span style="color: black;">。</span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛：www.fok120.com</span>，查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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