腹痛的症状和原由及预防办法
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">腹痛(abdominal pain)是临床上<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的症状,多由腹腔内器官病变<span style="color: black;">导致</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可由胸部<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>及全身性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>。腹痛可分为急性腹痛和慢性腹痛。急性腹痛发病急、病程短;慢性腹痛起病缓、病程长。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">典型表现</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、腹痛的特点</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">腹痛的部位常提示病变所在,是鉴别诊断的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>许多内脏性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>常常定位模糊。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>压痛的部位要较病人感觉<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的部位更为<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的放射部位对诊断<span style="color: black;">也</span>有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的提示<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,腹痛的程度在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的<span style="color: black;">道理</span>上反映了病情的轻重。<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的感觉因人而异,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,老人有时感觉迟钝。腹痛节律对诊断的提示<span style="color: black;">功效</span>较强,实质性脏器的病变多表现为<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性痛;中空脏器的病变则多表现为阵发性;而<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>伴阵发性加剧则多见于炎症与梗阻<span style="color: black;">同期</span>存在的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,如胆囊炎伴胆管梗阻、肠梗阻后期伴腹膜炎等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>时。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>的症状</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">腹痛的<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>症状在鉴别诊断中甚为<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。伴发热者提示为炎症性病变。伴吐泻者常为<span style="color: black;">食品</span>中毒或胃肠炎。伴黄疸者提示胆道<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。伴便血者可能是肠套叠、肠系膜血栓形成。伴血尿者可能是输尿管结石。伴腹胀者可能为肠梗阻。伴休克者多为内脏破裂<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、胃肠道穿孔并发腹膜炎等。伴盗汗、潮热等症时,可见肠系膜、腹膜结核等病。如上腹痛伴发热、咳嗽等则须<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>有肺炎的可能。上腹痛伴<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常、血压下降者则须<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>心肌梗死。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/q_70/images01/20240315/50838840e443405ba51699578166f93e.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> 总述</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">腹痛的病因比较<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>炎症、肿癌、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、梗阻、穿孔、创伤及功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>等。轻微的腹痛多半与轻微病变<span style="color: black;">关联</span>,而<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性严重的腹痛则可能是<span style="color: black;">非常</span>严重的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">症状起因</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、急性腹痛</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)腹腔内脏器<span style="color: black;">疾患</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①腹腔脏器急性炎症</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">急性胃肠炎、急性腐蚀性胃炎、活动性消化性溃疡、急性憩室炎、急性胆囊炎、急性胰腺炎、急性阑尾炎、急性胆管炎、急性肾盂肾炎、急性盆腔炎、子宫内膜异位症等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②腹部脏器穿孔或破裂</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃及十二指肠溃疡穿孔、胃癌急性穿孔、伤寒肠穿孔、憩室炎穿孔、胆囊炎穿孔、肝脏破裂、脾脏破裂、肾破裂、异位妊娠破裂、卵巢破裂等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③腹腔脏器急性梗死或扩张</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">粘连性急性肠梗阻、蛔虫性肠梗阻、腹股沟疝嵌顿、肠套叠、胆道蛔虫病、胆石症、肾结石、输尿管结石等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④腹腔脏器扭转</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">急性胃扭转、卵巢囊肿蒂扭转、大网膜扭转、肠扭转、胆囊扭转等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑤腹腔内急性血管病变</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肠系膜动脉急性阻塞、急性门静脉血栓形成、夹层动脉瘤、腹主动脉瘤、脾梗死、肾梗死等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)腹壁<span style="color: black;">疾患</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">腹壁挫伤、腹壁脓肿及腹壁带状疱疹等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)胸腔<span style="color: black;">疾患</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">急性心肌梗死、急性心包炎、心绞痛、急性心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>、肺炎及肺梗塞等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)全身性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>及其他</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">风湿热、尿毒症、急性铅中毒、血卟啉病、腹型过敏性紫癜、腹型癫痫、糖尿病酮症酸中毒等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、慢性腹痛的病因</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)腹腔内脏器<span style="color: black;">疾患</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①慢性炎症</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">反流性食管炎、慢性胃炎、慢性胆囊炎、慢性胰腺炎、结核性腹膜炎、炎症性肠病、慢性阑尾炎、慢性肝炎、慢性肾盂肾炎、慢性膀胱炎、慢性输卵管炎等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②胃肠病</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">慢性胃十二指肠溃疡、胃泌素瘤、胃贲门癌、胃癌、结肠癌、胃肠型淋巴瘤、小肠肿瘤等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③腹腔内脏器的扭转或梗阻</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">慢性胃肠扭转、肠粘连、大网膜粘连<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④包膜张力<span style="color: black;">增多</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肝淤血、肝脓肿、肝癌、脾肿大等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑤胃肠运动功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃轻瘫、功能性消化不良、肝曲及脾曲<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、肠易激<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、肝炎后<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、胆道运动功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)全身性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">慢性肾上腺皮质<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>症、甲状旁腺功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>症等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/q_70/images01/20240315/add05b289cae4cc7a363a40d16ee58bf.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>事项</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、小儿腹痛</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">因儿童不能对腹痛进行描述,故应<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>线索进行分析,如退缩、<span style="color: black;">反常</span>体位(如侧卧位,将膝盖蜷于腹部)。观察儿童咳嗽、走路、爬行是有助于诊断的线索。家长的代主诉有可能有错,儿童腹痛提示严重<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,且表现较成年人多变。如儿童阑尾炎可致死亡,而呕吐为其<span style="color: black;">独一</span>表现。急性肾盂肾炎致腹痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻,但<span style="color: black;">无</span>成年人泌尿系症状典型。青少年胃溃疡<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">增加</span>,表现为夜间痛、绞窄痛,<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>后<span style="color: black;">不可</span>缓解,这点与成年人胃溃疡不同。儿童腹痛还可见于乳糖不耐症、过敏、紧张、疲劳<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、肠扭转、梅克尔憩室、肠套叠肠系膜腺炎、糖尿病、青少年风湿性关节炎及其他少见病如重金属中毒。儿童自诉腹痛,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可为<span style="color: black;">心情</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>如厌学、想<span style="color: black;">导致</span>别人<span style="color: black;">重视</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、老年性腹痛</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着年龄的增长,急性腹部<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>所产生的表现<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>。<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>减轻体温<span style="color: black;">提升</span>不<span style="color: black;">明显</span>,腹膜炎感染体征减轻或消失。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回首页,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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