qzmjef 发表于 2024-6-4 21:53:32

心功能的分期与分级


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心功能的分期和分级不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">详细</span>看下表。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(一)心功能分期</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-b94475894bf8638696edb75bda369df1_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表1 心力衰竭临床分期</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2009ACC/AHA心力衰竭指南将心衰划分为A、B、C、D四个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,大致相当于表1的四<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(二)心衰心功能分级</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心衰心功能分级临床上有比较多的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">详细</span>见下:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.慢性心功能衰竭</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)NYHA心功能分级</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-aa43e503c17533eb0ae18eab02bd1396_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表2 NYHA心功能分级标准</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)对心功能制定了分级标准,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>将心功能分为四级,心衰分为三度。临床上应用此种分级<span style="color: black;">办法</span>较多。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)六分钟步行<span style="color: black;">实验</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">六分钟步行<span style="color: black;">实验</span>是一项简单易行、安全、方便的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,用以评定慢性心衰<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的运动耐力;<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在平直走廊里尽可能快地行走,测定6min的步行距离,若6min步行距离<150m,<span style="color: black;">显示</span>为重度心功能不全;150~450m为中度;>450m为轻度心功能不全。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本<span style="color: black;">实验</span>除用以<span style="color: black;">评估</span>心脏的<span style="color: black;">贮存</span>功能外,常用以<span style="color: black;">评估</span>心衰治疗的疗效。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)运动耐量分级</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大多采用活动平板或踏车分级运动<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,观察指标<span style="color: black;">包含</span>运动总时间、运动作功量、运动时左室射血分数<span style="color: black;">升高</span>程度、运动时最大氧摄入量(VO2 max)和<span style="color: black;">没</span>氧代谢阈(AT)。其中VO2 max正常值为>20 ml*min-1/<span style="color: black;">公斤</span>;AT>14 ml*min-1/<span style="color: black;">公斤</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">学者Weber<span style="color: black;">按照</span>VO2 max及AT数值将心功能分为A、B、C、D四级(见表3)。这种运动耐量分级能客观地反映心脏<span style="color: black;">贮存</span>功能,又可定量分级,有<span style="color: black;">前提</span>单位<span style="color: black;">能够</span>采用。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-bd363283db244b19790ca20e39b9e3d8_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表3 Weber运动耐量心功能分级</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">注:CI,心脏指数,单位L*min-1/m2。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.急性心功能衰竭</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>有Killip分级、Forrester分级及临床程度分级。Killip分级<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于急性心肌梗死<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,分级依据临床表现和胸部X片结果。Forrester分级依据临床表现及血流动力学指标,可用于急性心肌梗死后,最适用于首次发作的急性心力衰竭。临床程度的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>法适用于心肌病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>依据临床表现,最适用于急性失代偿心衰。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-b4b40eee4c22aad157c9c56dd13c166d_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表4 Killip分级</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-5d026594f48320853eb12f59b908d8c6_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表5 急性左心衰竭的Forrester法分级</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">注:PCWP,肺毛细血管楔压(单位mmHg);CI,心脏指数(单位L*min-1/m2)。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-3f360ca5f4f970d2db7d1a381c1d275c_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表6 急性左心衰竭的临床程度分级</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-fbdf08b8e85d3ffa9c5645b7d4d4b398_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>




4zhvml8 发表于 2024-10-2 06:32:01

“沙发”(SF,第一个回帖的人)‌

m5k1umn 发表于 2024-10-30 20:36:42

我完全赞同你的观点,思考很有深度。
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