浅析医疗3D打印的前景与困境
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span> ResearchandMarkets <span style="color: black;">近期</span><span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的《<span style="color: black;">全世界</span> 3D 打印材料市场分析与预测(2016年-2022年)》报告中指出,在 2022 年,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span> 3D 打印材料市场将达到 15.2 亿美元,牙科和医疗产业<span style="color: black;">作为</span>了<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的助推动力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而就在<span style="color: black;">近期</span>,3D 打印与医疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的结合又进了一步。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LCa2Hic6uMQm0ThRGDkXQwNIsMs37pqfJsq2sw6dibws05d6aic9wWCDm2IY8EsI7AQXIc5wAibJhJ6nf8I17bSicqg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上海交通大学医学院<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>仁济医院南院泌尿科上周霸占了医学界头条,它在<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>首次成功应用了 3D 打印技术治疗泌尿<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以<span style="color: black;">这次</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>首例的 3D 打印泌尿<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,该手术<span style="color: black;">本来</span>是一种骶神经刺激器<span style="color: black;">移植</span>术,属于一种新式微创治疗手段,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>在臀部<span style="color: black;">移植</span>一款小型的可程控设备,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>远程<span style="color: black;">外边</span>设备另行<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>,使<span style="color: black;">体积</span>便失禁<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的症状得到治疗。该设备<span style="color: black;">包含</span>了脉冲<span style="color: black;">出现</span>器,电极及连接两者的导线,在临床上<span style="color: black;">已然</span>被<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>应用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据向<span style="color: black;">关联</span>医师<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,这类手术虽然是微创技术,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>比更传统的技术有了很大进步,但依然存在着<span style="color: black;">有些</span>问题。“<span style="color: black;">因为</span>人的骶孔非常狭小,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>采用术中穿刺<span style="color: black;">移植</span>电极,不仅难度极高,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>花费数小时的时间,<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可能还会有辐射<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>泌尿科副主任医师吕坚伟的介绍,<span style="color: black;">这次</span>手术采用的 3D 打印技术<span style="color: black;">能够</span>精确模拟实物,并充分<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的骶神经和骶孔的解剖特点,便于为医师<span style="color: black;">科研</span>设计<span style="color: black;">移植</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>。而这一科技只<span style="color: black;">必须</span>将定制的3D模型和电极在预留的点进行穿刺<span style="color: black;">移植</span><span style="color: black;">就可</span>完成,时长<span style="color: black;">亦</span>缩短到了 5 分钟内。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这<span style="color: black;">没</span>疑是<span style="color: black;">精细</span>医疗的坚实一步,据介绍,医院<span style="color: black;">日前</span>正在为该技术申请国家专利。“随着人们对<span style="color: black;">精细</span>医学和快速<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>医学的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3D打印</span></a>技术应用必将越来越广泛,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>医疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>发展的热点之一。”泌尿科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>薛蔚如是说。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">医疗和3D打印的三种可能</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">实质</span>上, 3D 打印早在上世纪 90 年代就已诞生,而近几年创客文化的风靡,更让这一行业饱受关注。3D 打印的应用<span style="color: black;">行业</span>非常广泛,从工业级到消费级不一而足,环顾<span style="color: black;">日前</span>市场,它与医疗的结合则“由浅入深,由易到难”,<span style="color: black;">包括</span>了以下三个方面。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>是<span style="color: black;">外边</span>设备,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是3D打印在医疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>里的最初应用<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>起到的是“辅助”(assistive)的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<span style="color: black;">例如</span> 3D 模型,<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>辅助<span style="color: black;">器具</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此类应用相对实施难度较小,普适性<span style="color: black;">亦</span>强,如公益组织 e-NABLE 就为残疾儿童以<span style="color: black;">优惠</span>的价格制作义肢,成本只需 100 美元<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。又如中南大学湘雅医院在去年成功利用 3D 技术辅助外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>进行手术,但这一过程只是在术前进行3D可视化技术建模,并利用3D打印模型进行手术规划,<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上依然属于辅助手术的一种手段,<span style="color: black;">处在</span>3D打印的初级<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其次是<span style="color: black;">移植</span>物,最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的应用应该是牙科和骨科,但<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>应用到人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>部。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,仁济南院其实在去年就<span style="color: black;">运用</span>3D打印成功实施左心耳封堵手术。这一手术<span style="color: black;">一样</span>属于微创手术,用于降低房颤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>由血栓栓塞<span style="color: black;">诱发</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>残疾或死亡的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。而<span style="color: black;">日前</span>经过临床验证并成功引入国内医院的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>为 WATCHMAN 封堵器,但左心耳的形状因人而异,在<span style="color: black;">移植</span>时<span style="color: black;">必须</span>对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的左心耳的形态非常<span style="color: black;">认识</span>。在该手术中,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>左心耳 CT 的精细扫描图像,利用 3D 打印机将左心耳制作出封堵器模型,制定出个性化的手术<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3D 打印在医学应用的第三<span style="color: black;">周期</span>是生物打印,利用身体组织溶液,采用喷墨技术直接打印器官,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>血管、神经和皮肤等。这<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>物工程应用<span style="color: black;">处在</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>,尚未真正运用于临床<span style="color: black;">行业</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>运用3D 生物打印技术,辅助<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>新<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的疗效,打印出来的组织能够实时监测<span style="color: black;">区别</span>器官的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>交互反应,以加快迭代速度。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/LCa2Hic6uMQm0ThRGDkXQwNIsMs37pqfJXWgVW2x7o2u2kA9ciczd56iaukRO4cvkXxb8OWdTUlnWSM3cVnSlPjMw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">推广的三大难点</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然仁济医院成功地在去年实施了3D打印手术,但在一年多后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>并<span style="color: black;">无</span>得到大规模的推广。<span style="color: black;">按照</span> 3D 打印机厂商 FormLab CEO 陈亮宏的介绍,在医院顺利应用 3D 打印进行手术,面临的难点有三个。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>是设备技术尚未成熟,3D 打印设备要<span style="color: black;">得到</span>引进医院的资质,一在<span style="color: black;">制品</span>精度上要有所<span style="color: black;">保证</span>,二是<span style="color: black;">必须</span>经历繁琐的审核流程。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">医疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>容不得一丝差错,而<span style="color: black;">日前</span> 3D 打印技术的成熟度还<span style="color: black;">不足</span>完善,精细度能达到手术级别的 3D 打印厂商<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>少之又少。而<span style="color: black;">经过</span> ISO 申请的过程少则一年,多则数年,繁琐的政策审核流程<span style="color: black;">没</span>疑让技术的普及应用带来了滞后。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以 FormLab 旗下的牙科材料 Dental SG 树脂为例,为了防止<span style="color: black;">制品</span>产生排异性,3D打印材料<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span> ISO 的质量体系认证,<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>的生物相容性后方可<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。齿科材料尚且如此,更不要论<span style="color: black;">移植</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的3D打印材料了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其次是<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的教育培训系统有待完善。“<span style="color: black;">日前</span>对3D打印的手术培训还比较少,要得到大规模的传播和应用,离不开<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的专业<span style="color: black;">教育</span>,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>医院的 3D 打印技术还<span style="color: black;">处在</span>一种<span style="color: black;">初期</span>探讨的状态。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">诚然,姜还是老的辣,但富有经验的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>形<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>自己的手术习惯,要让<span style="color: black;">她们</span>接受<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3D打印技术</span></a>相对难度<span style="color: black;">很强</span>,而相对更有挑战和创新精神的<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人则尚不具备主刀的尝试能力,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>给3D打印<span style="color: black;">关联</span>技术的推广带来困难。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而究其<span style="color: black;">暗地里</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>在于<span style="color: black;">日前</span> 3D 打印厂商还<span style="color: black;">无</span>和医院形成联动,一同规范手术操作标准流程,<span style="color: black;">开发</span>培训内容。对 3D 打印的手术<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>仅停留于单个科室的“单打独斗”,未能形成良性循环。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第三个问题在于要实现医疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>化,3D打印的闭环尚未形成。要引进医用的 3D 打印机<span style="color: black;">一样</span>会带来一笔不菲的开支,医院<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有开放的<span style="color: black;">心理</span>愿意进行尝试,<span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>要面对资金的考验和观念的洗礼。再者<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>而言,传统的保守疗法<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>比较成熟。新式手术<span style="color: black;">因为</span>定制化的特点,成本较高且收费昂贵,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>给它的推广带来了阻碍。<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>将<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>、<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和 3D 打印<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>商以三方都能开放接纳的方式串联起来,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">将来</span>医院<span style="color: black;">必须</span>面对的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>议题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">SmarTech Markets <span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的一份<span style="color: black;">关联</span>报告指出,医疗市场将占据 3D 打印近 37% 的产业比例,但<span style="color: black;">日前</span>在行业认识、原料成本、材料兼容性及行业支持上依然存在阻力,使得<span style="color: black;">日前</span> 3D 打印的医疗应用还只是见诸于报端的<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span><span style="color: black;">新闻</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>仁济医院的成功案例<span style="color: black;">再也不</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>医疗界头条,想必到那时,3D 打印才会<span style="color: black;">作为</span>医疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>治疗手段。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(<span style="color: black;">源自</span>:雷锋网)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LCa2Hic6uMQk6q2nibT7yju99KJrXgMmY7ZPTsj7VduRQb5a7tWpfFdplFTzxazickLuWO2MChsqyg58r85KNj90A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
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