心血管系统口诀整理
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①.心力衰竭的基本病因:记忆:前夫(前负荷)后夫(后负荷)不给力(心肌收缩力减弱)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②.后负荷<span style="color: black;">增多</span>:动脉压力<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。如高血压(体循环高压)、主动脉狭窄(左心室后负荷)、肺动脉高压和肺动脉瓣狭窄(右心室后负荷)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">记忆:后夫(后负荷)提(体循环高压)刀宰(狭窄)肥(肺动脉高压)羊</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③.前负荷(容量负荷)<span style="color: black;">增多</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 心脏瓣膜关闭不全如二尖瓣关闭不全,主动脉瓣关闭不全。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. <span style="color: black;">上下</span>心<span style="color: black;">或</span>动静脉分流性先心病如间隔<span style="color: black;">缺失</span>,动脉导管未闭,动静脉瘘。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. 伴有全身血容量<span style="color: black;">增加</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>循环血容量<span style="color: black;">增加</span>的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>如甲亢,慢性贫血等。心脏的容量负荷<span style="color: black;">亦</span>比让<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">记忆:关(各瓣膜关闭不全)心(先心病)前夫(前负荷)评(贫血)价(甲亢)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④.心功能分级</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. Klip分级(急性心梗用)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">I级:<span style="color: black;">没</span>肺部罗音和第三心音</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">II级:肺部罗音<1/2f肺野;有左心衰</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">III级:肺部罗音>1/2(急性肺水肿)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">IV级:心源性休克(血压<span style="color: black;">少于</span>90/60mmHg)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Killip分级记忆:1<span style="color: black;">没</span>2啰半;3肿4休克</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用NYHA分级(非极性心梗):<span style="color: black;">无</span>心梗<span style="color: black;">或</span>不是急性的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>NO心梗,为NYHA。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">I级:<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有心脏病,但体力活动不受限制。<span style="color: black;">通常</span>体力劳动不<span style="color: black;">导致</span>过度疲劳、心悸、气喘或心绞痛。(爬楼能爬顶楼)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">II级(心衰I度):<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有心脏病,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>体力活动轻度受限制。<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>时<span style="color: black;">没</span>症状,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>体力活动(<span style="color: black;">每日</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>活动)<span style="color: black;">导致</span>过度疲劳,心悸、气喘或心绞痛。(爬楼能爬到三楼)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">III级(心衰II度):<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有心脏病,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>体力活动<span style="color: black;">显著</span>受限制。<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>时<span style="color: black;">没</span>症状,但<span style="color: black;">少于</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>体力活动,或从事<span style="color: black;">通常</span>家务或<span style="color: black;">就可</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>过度疲劳、心悸、或心绞痛。(爬楼梯到二楼)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">IV级(心衰III度):<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有心脏病,<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>时<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有心功能不全或心绞痛症状,进行任何体力活动均使不适<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">NYHA分级记忆:一<span style="color: black;">没</span>二轻三<span style="color: black;">显著</span>;四级不动<span style="color: black;">亦</span>困难(<span style="color: black;">不可</span>平卧)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑤.<span style="color: black;">评估</span>心脏舒张功能的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>指标是E/A记忆:恩爱(E/A)舒服(舒张功能)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑥.禁用ACEI类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的:低血压、双动脉狭窄、<span style="color: black;">没</span>尿性肾衰竭(血肌酐>225umol/l)、血钾>5.5mmol/l、妊娠期哺乳期<span style="color: black;">女性</span>禁用(肾衰,肾窄,高钾,低压,孕妇)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">记忆:两肾一高低。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑦.洋地黄类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的适应症与禁忌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">适应症:心衰+房颤,心衰+伴有心脏扩大的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">禁忌症口诀:肥厚肺心二尖窄,急性心梗伴心衰,二度高度房室阻,预计综合<span style="color: black;">不该</span>该,低钾缓率<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不应</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">口诀解释:肥厚肺心二尖窄:单纯性舒张性如肥厚性心肌病。二尖窄:单纯性二尖瓣狭窄办窦性<span style="color: black;">心率</span>儿<span style="color: black;">没</span>右心衰着。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">急性心梗伴心衰:急性心梗二十四小时内,除非合并房颤和心脏扩大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">二度高度房室阻:二度<span style="color: black;">或</span>高度房室传导阻滞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">预激病窦<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不应</span>:预计综合症合并房颤,还有病窦。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">低钾缓脉<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不应</span>:血钾<span style="color: black;">小于</span>3.5mmol/l,<span style="color: black;">心率</span><span style="color: black;">小于</span>60次/分。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑧.急性左心衰<span style="color: black;">救治</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">口诀:端坐吸氧腿下垂,强心利尿打吗啡,血管扩张硝普钠。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">端坐吸氧腿下垂:<span style="color: black;">病人</span>立即去坐位,腿下垂,以减少静脉回流。高流量吸氧10-20ml/min纯氧吸入。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">强心利尿打吗啡:吗啡3-5mg静注,仍是治疗急性肺水肿的极为有效的<span style="color: black;">办事</span>,但对伴有颅内<span style="color: black;">流血</span>,神志<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>,慢性肺功能不全的属禁忌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血管扩张硝普钠:应用血管扩张剂,<span style="color: black;">选择</span>硝普钠(高血压<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的急性左心衰首选硝普钠)如有低血压,易于多巴酚丁胺合用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑨房颤不超过两天,复律钱<span style="color: black;">没</span>需做抗凝治疗,否则在复律前接受三周华法林的治疗,待<span style="color: black;">心率</span>转复前继续<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>三到四周。口诀:朝三暮四。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑩永久性房颤口肢心室率的标准:静止:<span style="color: black;">少于</span>80,运动<span style="color: black;">少于</span>90,轻微活动<span style="color: black;">少于</span>100.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">记忆:静八动九轻10</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11.室早的心电图特点:室早一<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,周期必提前,(QRS波群提前<span style="color: black;">显现</span>),QRS宽大又畸形,他与P波不相干。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12.室速口诀:室速<span style="color: black;">便是</span>室早多:三个<span style="color: black;">或</span>三个以上的室早连续<span style="color: black;">显现</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TQRS正相反:宽大畸形的QRS波,T波与其相反。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">房室分离融合波:房室分离:P波与QRS波群美誉固定关系。心房和心室单独跳动。心房的冲动和心室的冲动融合到<span style="color: black;">一块</span>为室性融合波。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心室夺获利卡因:宽大畸形的QRS波中偶然<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了正常的QRS波为心室夺获。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13.一度房室传导阻滞:一度<span style="color: black;">没</span>脱落,PR长点二。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14.二度一型房室传导阻滞:有P臭的远,把蚊子都给招来了啊。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15.二度二型:PR差不多。P波后QRS波可有可<span style="color: black;">没</span>,单PR间期恒定不变。PR差不多。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">16.三度房室传导阻滞:心房于心室互不<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心房率大于心室率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PR间隙不固定</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大炮音</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心电图特点:三度阻滞各顾各,pqrs均规则,互不<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">17.心脏骤停的三大临床表现:大动脉搏动(颈动脉,股动脉)--金标准</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心音消失-----银标准</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">认识</span>丧失----铜标准</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">18.高血压治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的记忆歌诀:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">老人心衰利尿:老年人高血压伴心衰用利尿剂</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">率快绞痛洛尔:心率快,心绞痛的用洛尔类的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">二能预防心梗:β受体阻滞剂能够预防心梗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">糖尿外周变心:糖尿病,外周血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,变异性心绞痛。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">老年喝酒加盐:老年人喝酒的,爱吃盐的</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">冠心改道喝粥:冠心病的,都用钙通道阻滞剂,他还能预防动脉粥样硬化。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心衰心梗糖肾:心衰的人,心梗的人,糖尿病合并肾病。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>比较紧张:<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>的人,用血管紧张素。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">孕妇高钾肾窄:孕妇,高血钾的,肾动脉狭窄的</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">别紧张甲基来:别用血管紧张素用甲基多巴。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">19:冠脉粥样硬化的危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>:吸烟,高血压,高胆固醇血症,DM,喝酒不是危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。口诀:烟龄长,二高糖。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20.心梗定位和范围:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心电图的I和AVL<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的“侧”,II,III,AVF导联任何时候都<span style="color: black;">表率</span>“下”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">歌诀如下:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前间123:前间壁为V1,V2,V3导联。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">局前345 局前壁为V3、V4、V5导联。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前侧567 前侧壁为V5、V6、V7加I和AVL</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">广前1-5 广泛前壁为V1、V2、V3、V4、V5</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下间123 下间壁为V1、V2、V3加II、III、AVF</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下侧567 下壁为V5、V6、V7加II、III、AVF</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">见下加F 加II、III、AVF</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">见侧加L 加I和AVL</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">正后有78 正后壁为V7、V8</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">高侧L8 高侧壁为V8,I,AVL</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">21.肌红蛋白:小红2点<span style="color: black;">起始</span>发烧,12个小时还<span style="color: black;">无</span>退,这1,2天<span style="color: black;">不可</span>上学了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肌钙蛋白I:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>三个人越好11月24号请假出去玩,7-10天回不来</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肌钙蛋白T:<span style="color: black;">她们</span>三个人<span style="color: black;">近期</span>一两天要值班一次,十天半个月<span style="color: black;">不可</span>听大苗老师的课。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CK-MB:小梅和我说好了4点约会,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>16:24了,他还没来,我准备3-4天<span style="color: black;">不睬</span>他。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">21.二尖瓣狭窄:二哥是大侠,左房右室来,双颧隆隆现,双峰P波爱,房颤离不了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">二尖瓣关闭不全:风心粘变二不全,收缩吹风左肩响,左室增大左下移</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">主动脉瓣狭窄:主狭风瓣退行性,主狭晕厥伴绞痛,左3右2收缩喷,瓣膜置换为最佳。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">主动脉瓣关闭不全:关于<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的口诀:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">瓣<span style="color: black;">反常</span>:二瓣风心心内膜,退行钙化最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">根<span style="color: black;">反常</span>:2M夹层伴高张,强直成骨红斑疮。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">主动脉瓣关闭不全考点:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">二瓣风心心内膜</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">退行急感较<span style="color: black;">平常</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">左三右二舒张响</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">吹风泼水叹息样</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">奥佛<span style="color: black;">必须</span>亚硝酸</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">扩张血管禁洛尔</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">主瓣不全瓣膜换</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">22.感染性心内膜炎的治疗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">口诀:青霉过敏万曲松,青霉耐药万大庆,金葡表感西林响,金葡表耐万古来。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">解释:对青霉素敏感的首选青霉素,对青霉素过敏的要首选头孢曲松<span style="color: black;">或</span>万古霉素,对青霉素耐药的药用万古霉素<span style="color: black;">或</span>是庆大霉素,金葡菌和表皮葡萄球菌(甲氧西林<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>):萘夫西林加苯唑西林。金葡菌和表皮葡萄球菌(甲氧西林耐药)要用万古霉素。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">23.心肌病的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">口诀:吃饭受限制,身体<span style="color: black;">不可</span>在扩张了,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不肥了,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的右室<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常<span style="color: black;">亦</span>好了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">解释:限制性心肌病,扩张型心肌病,肥厚性心肌病,致<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常新型右室心肌病。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">24.休克分度歌诀:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">休克分度要记牢,脉搏特点记心里,轻度不会超100,一百二零是中度,重度休克速而弱,<span style="color: black;">没</span>尿脉搏摸不着,失血定在40上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">25.DIC的检测:小板80酶原三,纤维蛋白<span style="color: black;">一起</span>五,3P阳性见碎红。 解释:①血小板计数<span style="color: black;">小于</span>80*10^9,②凝血酶原时间比对照组延长3秒以上,③<span style="color: black;">血液</span>纤维蛋白原<span style="color: black;">小于</span>1.5个/l或<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>进行性降低,④3P<span style="color: black;">实验</span>阳性。⑤涂片中破碎红细胞超过2%等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">26.中心静脉压与补液的关系。</p>血压CVP<span style="color: black;">原由</span>处理原则正常高容量血管过度收缩(静脉收缩)舒张血管正常低血容量不足<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>血容量(适当补液)低高血容量相对<span style="color: black;">太多</span>(高)或心功能不全(衰)给强心<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,纠正酸中毒,舒张血管。低低血容量严重不足(低)充分补液低正常心功能不全(衰)或血容量不足(低)补液<span style="color: black;">实验</span>:确定<span style="color: black;">可否</span>是衰<span style="color: black;">或</span>是低,补液后<span style="color: black;">没</span>效是衰,有效是低。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">歌诀:常压CVP,高缩低就低,低压CVP,高高衰低低,正常衰或低。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">27.感染性休克<span style="color: black;">其中</span>的冷暖休克的鉴别<span style="color: black;">便是</span>冷的全是小的,暖的全是大的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">28急性肢体动脉栓塞的5P表现:疼吗,白<span style="color: black;">没</span>常,还敢游走于人间吗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>,苍白,麻痹,脉搏减弱<span style="color: black;">或</span>消失,感觉<span style="color: black;">反常</span>,反复<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的游走性静脉炎。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">29.静脉曲张的体格<span style="color: black;">检测</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①大隐静脉瓣膜功能<span style="color: black;">实验</span>Trendelenbur<span style="color: black;">实验</span>记忆T<span style="color: black;">便是</span>大的意思,其实<span style="color: black;">便是</span>两个比较像<span style="color: black;">罢了</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②深静脉通畅<span style="color: black;">实验</span>:Perthes<span style="color: black;">实验</span>佩特茨<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。记忆:末尾字母是S<span style="color: black;">便是</span>shen</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③交通静脉瓣<span style="color: black;">实验</span>功能<span style="color: black;">实验</span>:(Pratt)普拉特<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。末尾字母为T,想成taxi,出租车是和交通警察(police)<span style="color: black;">相关</span>系的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④体位性色泽改变又叫Brugor实验。记忆首字母为B故为bai(白)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">30.松带充盈大不全,不松充盈交不全。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">解释:大隐静脉瓣膜功能不全了是解开止血带血管充盈。交通静脉瓣膜功能不全,就算是帮着止血带,血管<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会充盈的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">31.下肢深静脉血栓:左侧好发于右侧。记忆:右侧活动多,少发,左侧活动少,少发。霍曼斯征(Hormans)阳性,和股青肿股白肿与下肢深静脉血栓都是一一对应的。</p>
感谢您的精彩评论,为我带来了新的思考角度。 你的话语如春风拂面,让我感到无比温暖。 你的见解独到,让我受益匪浅,非常感谢。 网站建设seio论坛http://www.fok120.com/
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