4zhvml8 发表于 2024-6-8 00:03:46

试题库|《内科学》心力衰竭


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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第十章</span> &nbsp;<span style="color: black;">心力衰竭</span></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">单选题</span></span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1. <span style="color: black;">慢性心功能不全的基本病因是:</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A<span style="color: black;">.<span style="color: black;">各样</span>感染 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B. <span style="color: black;">摄入钠盐<span style="color: black;">太多</span>心力衰竭</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C<span style="color: black;">.严重<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D. <span style="color: black;">心脏负荷过重<span style="color: black;">反常</span>和心肌病变</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">E<span style="color: black;">.<span style="color: black;">心情</span>激动和过重体力劳动</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(标答</span>: D<span style="color: black;">)</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2. <span style="color: black;">慢性心功能不全最早<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的临床表现是:</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A<span style="color: black;">.下肢水肿</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B. <span style="color: black;">舒张期奔马律</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C<span style="color: black;">.胸水和腹水 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D. <span style="color: black;">肝颈静脉回流阳性</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">E<span style="color: black;">.劳力性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(标答</span>:E<span style="color: black;">)</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3. <span style="color: black;">提示左心功能不全的脉搏是: </span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A<span style="color: black;">.交替脉</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B. <span style="color: black;">水冲脉</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C<span style="color: black;">.奇脉</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D. <span style="color: black;">重搏脉</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">E<span style="color: black;">.脉搏短绌</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(标答</span>:A<span style="color: black;">)</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.&nbsp;</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">右心衰竭时肝肿大与肝硬化最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的鉴别点是</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.&nbsp;</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>黄疸</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B. <span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">海量</span>胸水</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C. <span style="color: black;">肝颈静脉回流征阳性 </span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D. <span style="color: black;">血白蛋白正常</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">E. <span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>脾脏肿大</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(标答</span>:C<span style="color: black;">)</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5. <span style="color: black;">治疗急性左心衰竭不宜<span style="color: black;">选择</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>是:</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A. <span style="color: black;">速尿</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B. <span style="color: black;">氨茶碱</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.<span style="color: black;">吗啡</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D. <span style="color: black;">西地兰</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">E. <span style="color: black;">美托洛尔</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(标答</span>:E<span style="color: black;">)</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">6. <span style="color: black;">不会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>左室后负荷过重的病因是:</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A. <span style="color: black;">高血压</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B. <span style="color: black;">主动脉瓣狭窄</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C. <span style="color: black;">肺动脉高压</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D. <span style="color: black;">甲亢</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">E. <span style="color: black;">肺动脉狭窄</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(标答</span>:D<span style="color: black;">)</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">多选题</span></span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1. <span style="color: black;">洋地黄的适应症<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A. <span style="color: black;">中、重度收缩性心力衰竭</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B. <span style="color: black;">快速房颤</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C. <span style="color: black;">单纯舒张性心力衰竭</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D. III<span style="color: black;">度房室传导阻滞</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">E. <span style="color: black;">病态窦房结<span style="color: black;">综合症</span></span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(标答</span>:A B<span style="color: black;">)</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">填空题</span></span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1. <span style="color: black;">感染常诱发心衰,其中以</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">感染最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>;<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可诱发心衰,其中以</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(标答</span>:<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道、心房颤动)</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2. <span style="color: black;">左心衰竭的<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难<span style="color: black;">包含</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。其中最早<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的是</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(标答</span>:<span style="color: black;">劳力性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、端坐<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>、夜间阵发性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、劳力性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难)</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3<span style="color: black;">.<span style="color: black;">日前</span>对心力衰竭<span style="color: black;">病人</span>心功能<span style="color: black;">评定</span>常用的分级法是&nbsp; 、</span>&nbsp;</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(标答</span>:NYHA<span style="color: black;">心功能分级、</span><span style="color: black;">6</span><span style="color: black;">分钟步行<span style="color: black;">实验</span>)</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">名词解释</span></span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1. <span style="color: black;">心源性哮喘</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(即夜间阵发性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难,为左心功能衰竭的临床表现,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>表现为熟睡后<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>憋醒,可伴阵咳,<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>急促,咯<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>样痰或呈哮喘状态。)</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">简答题</span></span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">简述心功能不全</span>NYHA<span style="color: black;">分级的分级<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>I<span style="color: black;">级 有心脏病但活动不受限,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>活动不<span style="color: black;">导致</span>心衰症状或心绞痛</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;&nbsp;II<span style="color: black;">级 心脏病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>体力轻度受限,<span style="color: black;">休憩</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>症状,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>活动下<span style="color: black;">导致</span>心衰症状或心绞痛</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;&nbsp;III<span style="color: black;">级 心脏病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>体力活动<span style="color: black;">显著</span>受限,<span style="color: black;">少于</span>平时<span style="color: black;">通常</span>活动即<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">以上</span>症状</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;&nbsp;IV<span style="color: black;">级 心脏病<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>从事任何体力活动。<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>状态下<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>心衰症状,体力活动后加重。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">简述急性肺水肿<span style="color: black;">救治</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(坐位,双腿下垂,吸氧</span>4-6L/<span style="color: black;">分,吗啡,利尿,血管扩张剂,洋地黄类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,茶碱类)</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">病例分析</span></span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">李某,男,</span>59<span style="color: black;">岁。患高血压病史</span><span style="color: black;">7</span><span style="color: black;">年余,平时不规则<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>硝苯地平片降压,血压<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">不良</span>:</span><span style="color: black;">150-160/105mmHg</span><span style="color: black;">,一年前曾拍胸片提示:心影向左下扩大,靴型心。今晨<span style="color: black;">病人</span>因琐事与邻居争吵中,<span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、咳嗽并咯吐粉红色<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>痰、面色苍白、口唇发绀、大汗淋漓、烦躁不已,救护车送入急诊,体检提示:血压:</span><span style="color: black;">185/120mmHg</span><span style="color: black;">,两肺满布湿罗音和哮鸣音,心率:</span><span style="color: black;">120</span><span style="color: black;">次</span><span style="color: black;">/</span><span style="color: black;">分,律齐,可及舒张<span style="color: black;">初期</span>奔马律。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1. <span style="color: black;">请对该<span style="color: black;">病人</span>作出完整诊断 </span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2. <span style="color: black;">处理原则是什么?</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>1. <span style="color: black;">高血压病</span><span style="color: black;">II</span><span style="color: black;">级 &nbsp;高血压心脏病 &nbsp;&nbsp;急性左心衰竭</span><span style="color: black;">2</span><span style="color: black;">.坐位,双腿下垂,吸氧</span><span style="color: black;">4-6L/</span><span style="color: black;">分,吗啡,利尿,血管扩张剂,洋地黄类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,茶碱类)</span></span></p>医学资料共享平台友情提:此导航窗格搭建升级中,每期更新,<span style="color: black;">近期</span>一期请查看最新一期推送!<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/p6Wl2LDMQlHC6pDXyQRaWjlWR5PIhukIUGV1nfK6H9qtHZoxnXtVdeztoFexkaevudmZ1MbV9qWNZTXiaopLyoQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">☞<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>:《生理学》思维导图</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">☞<a style="color: black;">干货:《生物化学》思维导图</a></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">☞</span><span style="color: black;">保藏</span>:《药理学》思维导图</span></a></p>
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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">—医者盟资料库—</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">爱好</span>,就分享到<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>圈吧!<img src="https://res.wx.qq.com/mpres/htmledition/images/icon/common/emotion_panel/smiley/smiley_66.png?wx_co=1&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
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星☆雨 发表于 2024-8-31 18:08:07

楼主果然英明!不得不赞美你一下!

1fy07h 发表于 2024-9-26 14:34:05

我深感你的理解与共鸣,愿对话长流。

j8typz 发表于 2024-10-19 16:45:11

感谢你的精彩评论,为我的思绪打开了新的窗口。

7wu1wm0 发表于 2024-11-7 01:50:24

“板凳”(第三个回帖的人)‌
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