m5k1umn 发表于 2024-6-8 00:07:11

心血管专业出科考试题题库（一）

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    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">一.名词解释（每题3分，总分6分）</span></strong></span></h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病是冠状动脉血管<span style="color: black;">出现</span>动脉粥样硬化病变而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>血管腔狭窄或阻塞，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>心肌缺血、缺氧或坏死而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的心脏病，简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“冠心病”。WHO将冠心病分为5大类：<span style="color: black;">没</span>症状心肌缺血（隐匿性冠心病）、心绞痛、心肌梗死、缺血性心力衰竭（缺血性心脏病）和猝死5种临床类型。临床中常常分为稳定性冠心病和急性冠状动脉<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.高血压</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">高血压<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>以体循环动脉血压<span style="color: black;">升高</span>为<span style="color: black;">重点</span>特征（收缩压≥140mmHg和或舒张压≥90mmHg），可伴有心、脑、肾等器官的功能或器质性损害的临床<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>。临床上分为原发性高血压和继发性高血压。</p>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">二.<span style="color: black;">选取</span>题（每题2分，总分70分）</span></strong></h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.风湿性心脏病合并心房颤动，口服华法林抗凝<span style="color: black;">必须</span>监测凝血酶原时间，其INR<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>在多少范围才算达标（ B&nbsp; ）</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.1-2</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.2-3</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.3-4</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.2.8-3.5</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.II型<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>衰竭<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>（&nbsp; C ）</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.PO2<span style="color: black;">小于</span>60mmHg</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.PO2<span style="color: black;">小于</span>50mmHg</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.PO2<span style="color: black;">小于</span>60mmHg，PCO2大于50mmHg</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.PO2大于60，PCO2<span style="color: black;">小于</span>40mmHg</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.肌钙蛋白<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span>最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于（ A&nbsp; ）</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.急性心肌梗死</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.肺部感染</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.消化道<span style="color: black;">流血</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.糖尿病</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3.以下哪个指标阴性<span style="color: black;">能够</span>排除肺栓塞（ C）</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.心肌酶学</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.肌钙蛋白</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.D-二聚体</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.血常规</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.鉴别心源性哮喘和肺源性哮喘，比较<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>的是哪一项检验指标？（ D ）</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.血气分析</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.降钙素原</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.肌钙蛋白</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.脑钠肽</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.房颤抗凝用评分 （ D ）</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.NYHA分级</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.EHRA评分</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.Duke评分</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.CHA2DS2-VASC评分</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">6.原发性高血压最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的并发症是(&nbsp; B&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.心肌梗</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.脑卒中</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.慢性肾功能不全</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.主动脉夹层动脉瘤</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">7.心源性哮喘与支气管哮喘鉴别要点(&nbsp; C&nbsp; )</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.严重<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.发绀</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.端坐<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>，咳粉红色<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>痰</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.<span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">爆发</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">8.老年人高血压中部分为单纯收缩期血压<span style="color: black;">升高</span>，而舒张压不高，<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span> ( A )</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.大动脉弹性<span style="color: black;">衰退</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.小动脉阻力<span style="color: black;">增多</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.合并主动脉瓣关闭不全</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.合并肾动脉狭窄</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">9.治疗高血压危象最好采用(&nbsp; C&nbsp; )</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.利血平</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.甲基多</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.硝普钠</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.速尿</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">10.冠心病的病理生理<span style="color: black;">基本</span>不<span style="color: black;">包含</span>(&nbsp; B&nbsp; )</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.冠状动脉痉挛</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.房颤<span style="color: black;">引起</span>冠状动脉栓塞</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.动脉血栓形成</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.冠状动脉粥样硬化</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">11.下列哪项是扩张型心肌病的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>病理特征(&nbsp; A&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.左心室或双心室扩张，室壁多变薄，有收缩功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.右心室扩张，有收缩功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.左心室扩张，超声心动图<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>室壁运动呈节段性运动<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.双心室扩张，室壁变薄，常伴有局限性肥厚</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">12.<span style="color: black;">相关</span>心房颤动的治疗原则，下列不正确的是(&nbsp; D&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.治疗原发的心血管病</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.48h内新<span style="color: black;">出现</span>者，应尽快复律，<span style="color: black;">没</span>需抗凝</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.经转复及维持治疗均<span style="color: black;">没</span>效，房颤<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间1年以上者，治疗目的为<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>心室率，预防心力衰竭</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.对合并心功能不全的心房颤动<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，应首选普罗帕酮<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>心室率，防止心功能进一步恶化</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">13.以下<span style="color: black;">相关</span>室性期前收缩的描述中错误的是(&nbsp; D&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.正常成人<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>室性期前收缩</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.电解质<span style="color: black;">错乱</span>,过量烟酒<span style="color: black;">能够</span>诱发室性期前收缩</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.室性期前收缩<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于冠心病,心肌病等<span style="color: black;">病人</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.室性期前收缩都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>治疗</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">14.下列哪项不是心力衰竭发病<span style="color: black;">原因</span>( C&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.冠心病</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.高血压病</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.摄盐不足</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.心肌病</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">15.<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>心力衰竭加重的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>应除外(&nbsp; C&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.感染</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.回心血量不足</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.肺栓塞</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">16.下列哪项不是右心衰竭的临床表现(&nbsp; A&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.肺部湿啰音</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.下肢水肿</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.恶心厌食</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.颈静脉充盈</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">17.下列哪种<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>降低慢性心力衰竭死亡率(&nbsp; D&nbsp; )</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.地高辛</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.速尿</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.硝酸盐</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.沙库巴曲缬沙坦</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">18.冠心病<span style="color: black;">重点</span>危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>不<span style="color: black;">包含</span>(&nbsp; D&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.血脂<span style="color: black;">错乱</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.父母有早发冠心病病史</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.吸烟</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.高同型半胱氨酸血症</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">19.冠心病心绞痛的心电图表现哪项不正确(&nbsp; D&nbsp; )</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.静息心电图半数以上正常</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.非特异性ST-T改变</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>时原倒置T波<span style="color: black;">能够</span>直立</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.心绞痛<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>时心电图<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>Q波</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">20.诊断二尖瓣狭窄最常用和<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是&nbsp; (&nbsp; D&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.心导管<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.心脏瓣膜活检</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.超声心动图<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">21.<span style="color: black;">相关</span>窦性心动过速的治疗原则，不正确的是(&nbsp; D&nbsp; )</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.针对病因治疗</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.去除诱因</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.应用美托洛尔片</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.应用美西律治疗</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">22.慢性充血性心力衰竭的诱发<span style="color: black;">原因</span>中，最为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的是(&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D )</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.环境、气候的急剧变化</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.输液<span style="color: black;">太多</span>，过快</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.过劳与<span style="color: black;">心情</span>激动</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.感染</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">23.左心衰竭最早<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的症状是( A&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.劳力性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.心源性哮喘</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.端坐<span style="color: black;">呼气</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.咯粉红色<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>痰</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">24.左心衰竭的临床表现<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>(&nbsp; A&nbsp; )</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.肺淤血、肺水肿<span style="color: black;">导致</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.左心室扩大<span style="color: black;">导致</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.体循环静脉压<span style="color: black;">升高</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.肺动脉压<span style="color: black;">升高</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">25.力衰竭并发心房颤动时首选(&nbsp; B&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.心得安</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.快速洋地黄制剂</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.奎尼丁</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.<span style="color: black;">心率</span>平</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">26.阵发性室上性心动过速可<span style="color: black;">选择</span>(&nbsp; B&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.异丙基肾上腺素</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.腺苷</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.肾上腺素</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.硝苯地平</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">27.高血压危险分层标准最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的依据是(&nbsp; A&nbsp; &nbsp; )</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.器官<span style="color: black;">损害</span>及功能代偿<span style="color: black;">状况</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.血压<span style="color: black;">升高</span>速度</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.症状轻重</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.以上都不是</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">28.<span style="color: black;">按照</span>WHO诊断标准，高血压定义为(&nbsp; B&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.≥130/85mmHg</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.≥140/90mmHg</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.≥150/95mmHg</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.≥160/100mmHg</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">29.<span style="color: black;">病人</span>女性，55岁，糖尿病史10年，平素血压160/105mmHg，血脂正常，<span style="color: black;">没</span>家族史，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>血压应该<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>在(&nbsp; C&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.&lt;140/90mmHg</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.&lt;130/85mmHg</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.&lt;130/80mmHg</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.&lt;120/80mmHg</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">30.男，50岁，2年前<span style="color: black;">出现</span>急性心肌梗死，下列哪项有利于诊断(&nbsp; &nbsp;B&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.ST段压低</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.病理性Q波</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.T波高尖</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.T波V形倒置</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">31.男，62岁，急性心肌梗死，血压150/90mmHg，双肺未闻及干湿啰音，心率120次/分，律齐。哪种<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>应用可改善预后(&nbsp; B &nbsp;&nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.硝酸异山梨酯</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.美托洛尔</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.硝苯地平</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.普罗帕酮</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">32.<span style="color: black;">病人</span>女性，47岁，既往体健，近半年<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>性胸部闷痛，<span style="color: black;">连续</span>数小时，轻微活动后闷痛缓解，常诉<span style="color: black;">没</span>力.<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>欠佳，工作能力下降，冠状动脉造影正常，可能原<span style="color: black;">由于</span>(&nbsp; B&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; )</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.反流性食管炎</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.心脏神经官能症</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.劳力性心绞痛</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.变异型心绞痛</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">33.<span style="color: black;">病人</span>女性，72岁，听诊心率70bpm，律齐。心电图<span style="color: black;">检测</span>不可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>以下何种改变?(&nbsp; B&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.窦性<span style="color: black;">心率</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.心房颤动</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.心房扑动4：1传导</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.阵发性房性心动过速2：1传导</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">34.女性，14岁，两周前<span style="color: black;">出现</span>恶心、呕吐、腹泻，近3d<span style="color: black;">显现</span>心悸、气短、胸痛。体格<span style="color: black;">检测</span>体温38℃，心率70bpm，心界不大，心电图<span style="color: black;">表示</span>二度Ⅱ型房室阻滞。最可能的诊断是(&nbsp; &nbsp;B</span><span style="color: black;">&nbsp; &nbsp;)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.急性胆囊炎</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.急性病毒性心肌炎</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.心包炎</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.胸膜炎</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">35..男性，68岁，患急性广泛前壁心肌梗死，入院后常<span style="color: black;">显现</span>夜间阵发性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难，心率120次/分，心尖部闻及舒张<span style="color: black;">初期</span>奔马律，两肺底闻及湿啰音，正确的是急性心肌梗死伴有(&nbsp; B &nbsp;&nbsp; )</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A.支气管哮喘<span style="color: black;">爆发</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B.左心衰竭</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C.右心衰竭</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">D.左、右心衰竭</span></p>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>案例分析（每题12分，总分24分）</span></strong></h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">案例1、50岁男性，因“<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>血压高5+年，下肢<span style="color: black;">没</span>力伴血压波动1+小时”入院。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>高血压<span style="color: black;">数年</span>，最高血压167/89mmHg，<span style="color: black;">没</span>头昏、头痛、胸闷、胸痛、心慌、气短等其他不适，未口服降压药。入院前1+小时，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>突双下肢<span style="color: black;">没</span>力，伴有头昏、头痛，在急诊科测得血压210/110mmHg，心肺腹部及神经系统查体<span style="color: black;">没</span>阳性体征，给予乌拉地尔静脉泵入后收住院治疗。急诊科查空腹血脂：甘油三酯8.55mmol/L、高密度脂蛋白0.67mmol/L、极低密度脂蛋白3.31mmo/L。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（1）针对该<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">做为</span>主管<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的你，还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>询问<span style="color: black;">那些</span>病史以及安排<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>？（4分）</span></p>参考答案<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①<span style="color: black;">必须</span>询问有<span style="color: black;">没</span>阵发性潮热、出汗、<span style="color: black;">没</span>力等继发性高血压症状；有糖尿病等代谢性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>病史；有<span style="color: black;">没</span>高血压、心脏病及脑血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>家族史。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②<span style="color: black;">必须</span>安排血常规、肝肾功、电解质、血糖、<span style="color: black;">体积</span>便常规、尿微量白蛋白、心电图、动态血压、心脏彩超、头颅CT或MRI<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，必要时查同型半胱氨酸、肾动脉彩超、肾上腺CT等。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（2）该<span style="color: black;">病人</span>诊断的诊断是什么？（4分）</span></p>参考答案<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">高血压危象；高血压病3级 很高危；高脂血症</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（3）<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>所有<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果提示<span style="color: black;">病人</span>为很高危<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，十年心脑血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>高，请你制定下一步治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>？（4分）</span></p>参考答案<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①健康教育，生活方式<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>低脂低盐<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>、严格戒烟、戒酒，加强运动。</p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②积极<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>血压，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>靶器官损害及并发症<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，个体化<span style="color: black;">选取</span>降压<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③<span style="color: black;">病人</span>十年心脑血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>高，需进行一级预防，<span style="color: black;">选取</span>抗血小板聚集及调制稳定斑块<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，如阿司匹林、他汀类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">案例2、71岁男性，因“血压高10+年，胸痛10+小时”入院。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>10+年前<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>血压<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，最高血压166/90mmHg，<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>口服苯磺酸氨氯地平5mg qd，自觉血压<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>可。入院前10+小时<span style="color: black;">没</span>活动时突发胸前区压榨性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，伴有左侧肩部放射痛，胸痛<span style="color: black;">连续</span>不缓解，查体：BP103/72mmHg P56次/分。急性病容，胸廓呈桶状，双肺<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>音清，未闻及干湿性啰音，双下肢<span style="color: black;">没</span>水肿。辅助<span style="color: black;">检测</span>：甲胎蛋白930.9pg/mL，血脂分析：总胆固醇5.73mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白3.95mmol/L。肾功能：肌酐83.39ummo/L、尿素5.52mmol/L。心电图：前壁T波倒置。心脏彩超：二尖瓣返流（轻度）、左室收缩功能正常。胸部CT提示：慢性支气管炎表现，心脏增大，主动脉<span style="color: black;">上下</span>冠脉钙化。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（1）该<span style="color: black;">病人</span>初步诊断、鉴别诊断以及诊断依据？（4分）</span></p>参考答案<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①诊断：急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死；高血压病2级 很高危；高胆固醇血症。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②依据：<span style="color: black;">病人</span>老年男性，有高血压病史，活动后<span style="color: black;">显现</span>胸前区<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性压榨样<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，伴有左肩部放射痛，胸痛<span style="color: black;">连续</span>不缓解，心电图提示前壁T波倒置，肌钙蛋白阳性，血脂分析提示胆固醇<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（2）急诊行冠脉造影<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>，有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>可能？（4分）</span></p>参考答案<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">冠状动脉管壁<span style="color: black;">不但</span>滑，血管存在严重狭窄<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>闭塞。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（3）经过治疗后<span style="color: black;">病人</span>治愈出院，出院医嘱应该<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">那些</span>？（4分）</span></p>参考答案<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①健康教育：严格戒烟、戒酒、低脂低盐<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>，<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">休憩</span>，规律服用<span style="color: black;">药品</span>；<span style="color: black;">重视</span>观察有<span style="color: black;">没</span>皮肤黏膜<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、黑便等<span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>；监测管理血压，避免低血压、心率过慢。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②按时复诊，<span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查血常规、肝肾功、血脂血糖等<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，出院后三月复查心脏彩超，一年以后复查冠脉造影。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③出院服药：双联抗血小板聚集（阿司匹林、氯吡格雷<span style="color: black;">或</span>替格瑞洛），调制稳定斑块（他汀类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>），<span style="color: black;">控制</span>心肌重构（<span style="color: black;">没</span>禁忌症且能够耐受时<span style="color: black;">运用</span>ACEI/ARB/ANRI+β受体</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">阻滞剂）。</p>




vixf 发表于 2024-8-31 21:27:25

大势所趋，用于讽刺一些制作目的就是为了跟风玩梗，博取眼球的作品。

nqkk58 发表于 2024-10-1 10:14:07

你的见解真是独到，让我受益匪浅。

j8typz 发表于 2024-10-29 05:29:09

你的见解真是独到，让我受益良多。

nykek5i 发表于 2024-11-1 23:12:58

seo常来的论坛，希望我的网站快点收录。
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