读书笔记之——《癌症真相：医生亦在读》
<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/TXkaTC1xKl32Hfa5EibxZoeeA6e3lNzicEMpRD2eWyN4AFTpwjV7ohVradvckLpPMjwySM51ibIdflQBoXokWyrqg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是我的第</span><span style="color: black;">231</span><span style="color: black;">篇原创<span style="color: black;">文案</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">【</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">本文字数</span><span style="color: black;">4000</span><span style="color: black;">，阅读时间约为</span><span style="color: black;">8</span><span style="color: black;">分钟</span></span><span style="color: black;">】</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是一本关于</span><span style="color: black;">癌症知识的科普书籍，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是我阅读的第2本<span style="color: black;">相关</span>癌症方面的读本【<a style="color: black;">癌症并不是绝症——《重生手记》读书笔记</a>】。购买并阅读学习医疗健康类书籍，<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">认识</span>和<span style="color: black;">把握</span>最基本的医学常理知识，我想这可能是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>每一个热爱生活和关心自己健康的人都应该做的事情</span>。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在面对<span style="color: black;">有些</span>“突如其来”的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>时，可能会<span style="color: black;">因为</span>自己的<span style="color: black;">没</span>知而让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>走上“弯路”<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>“岐路”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">例如</span>：<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>过度恐慌带来的胡乱投医、<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>轻信而遭受不必要的钱财损失和<span style="color: black;">重要</span>时候丧失决策的主动权</span>......正如能够挽救<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>生命的永远是头脑里的常识，而不是口袋里的金钱！<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>在<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>慌张、恐惧、自责之时还能保持一份难得的理性，可能与<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>平时的学习<span style="color: black;">累积</span>密不可分——做好必要的知识<span style="color: black;">贮存</span>，争取把个人命运的主动权牢牢<span style="color: black;">把握</span>在自己的手中！</span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>何谓癌症，<span style="color: black;">为么</span>难以治疗</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本书的作者菠萝，本名李治中【今天偶然在另一本书中再次看到了这个名字，是深圳市拾玉儿童公益基金会创如人】，是一名80 后北京大学药学院客座教授。他清华大学本科、美国杜克大学癌症生物博士毕业，前<span style="color: black;">跨境</span>制药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>癌症新药<span style="color: black;">研发</span>部实验室责任人，<span style="color: black;">兴趣</span>科普、<span style="color: black;">研究</span>和公益事业。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>阅读本书，<span style="color: black;">能够</span></span><span style="color: black;">让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>看清癌症的真实面目——</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>是什么？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 基因、污染、<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>、吸烟？其实这些都不是，和癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率最<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>是</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">年龄</span><span style="color: black;">！</span></span><span style="color: black;">肿瘤的属性是“固体”，而癌症的属性是“恶性”，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><strong style="color: blue;">恶性固体肿瘤<span style="color: black;">便是</span>癌症，良性肿瘤不是癌症</strong>。<span style="color: black;">到底</span>是什么<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>了癌症？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的发病年龄来看，绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>熟悉的癌症——肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结（直）肠癌等，它们都属于老年病！<span style="color: black;">癌症的发病率从40岁以后就呈现出指数级的增长态势</span>，男性比例<span style="color: black;">明显</span>高于女性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"> 癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是基因突变</span><span style="color: black;">。<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的身体每一天都<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>着<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的细胞更新，岁数越大细胞<span style="color: black;">必须</span>分裂的次数就越多。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，岁数越大免疫系统功能就越弱，它对癌细胞的清除能力减弱，免疫系统清除癌细胞失败的概率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>越大。</span></span>基因突变<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>在细胞分裂的时候，每一次细胞分裂都会产生突变，但绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>突变都不在<span style="color: black;">重要</span>基因上，对癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>不产生影响，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">癌</span><span style="color: black;">症的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>仍然是小概率事件</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，癌症是一种老年病，随着年龄的<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>，<span style="color: black;">各样</span>癌症的发病率都会直线<span style="color: black;">提升</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">癌症致人死亡很时候并不是某一个器官衰竭<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的，而是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>系统性衰竭。</span><span style="color: black;">癌症<span style="color: black;">为么</span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>难治？<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有三个<span style="color: black;">原由</span>：</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一是癌症是“内源性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>”，癌细胞来自<span style="color: black;">病人</span>自己，是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>身体的一部分</span>。对待“外源性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>”，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>细菌感染等，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>有抗生素，效果<span style="color: black;">亦</span>非常好。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">抗生素之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>好用是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它只对细菌有毒性，而对人体细胞<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>抗生素<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用到很高的浓度，<span style="color: black;">从而</span>让所有细菌死光光，但<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>毫发<span style="color: black;">没</span>损。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">二是癌症不是单一<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，而是几千几万种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的组合</span>。世界上<span style="color: black;">无</span>完全相同的两片树叶，世界上<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>两个完全相同的癌症。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>肺癌，在中国和美国都是癌症“<span style="color: black;">第1</span>杀手”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">三是癌症<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">火速</span>产生抗药性</span>。这一点是癌症和艾滋病共有的、最让人头疼的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是到<span style="color: black;">日前</span>为止<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都还<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">解决</span>艾滋病的<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>的抗癌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>在一<span style="color: black;">起始</span>的时候都对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有不错的效果，但对延长<span style="color: black;">病人</span>寿命却<span style="color: black;">无</span>什么突破，是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>癌症的复发很难<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对癌症的治疗之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>效果有限，很大程度上是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>还不完全<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>它是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>产生抗药性的。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查与化疗</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 一是癌症的筛查。<span style="color: black;">某些癌症的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查收效甚微，<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>筛查不可取</span>。<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>：肺癌的筛查</span><span style="color: black;">适用人群</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span>满足以下3个<span style="color: black;">前提</span>：</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">有重度吸烟史、</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>仍在吸烟<span style="color: black;">或</span>是在过去15年内戒烟、</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">50-80岁之间</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">筛查手段：采取</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">低剂量螺旋CT</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">肺癌的筛查有较为严格的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>了以</span><span style="color: black;">下</span><span style="color: black;">几个<span style="color: black;">原因</span>：</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">筛查可能会有假阳性，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说一个本身并<span style="color: black;">无</span>癌症的人被诊断为<span style="color: black;">身患</span>癌症</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">有可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>过度诊断<span style="color: black;">从而</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>过度治疗，</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重复多次的</span><span style="color: black;">低剂量CT</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">有可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>健康人患癌</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">最好的降低肺癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>不是筛查，而是戒烟并且避免二手烟。</span><span style="color: black;">肝癌的筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是腹部超声和肿瘤标记物</span><span style="color: black;">甲胎蛋白</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>人群为：</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">慢性肝炎（乙肝、丙肝）病毒携带者、</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">身患</span>肝硬化、</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">有肝癌家族史</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">这些肝癌高危人群<span style="color: black;">意见</span>从35-40岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>筛查。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 二是防癌体检。<span style="color: black;">为何</span>普通<span style="color: black;">公众</span>做很昂贵的防癌体检其实是在做<span style="color: black;">没</span>用功？<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>“假阴性”和“假阳性”的存在</span>。<span style="color: black;">防癌体检对普通人<span style="color: black;">没</span>效，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>“假阳性”实在太多了，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>时候明明是很健康的人被<span style="color: black;">检测</span>出“癌症标记物阳性”。人们一下就被<span style="color: black;">检测</span>吓得要命，直到花钱做<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>以后才<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">不外</span>是虚惊一场。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">价格昂贵的癌症标记物和<span style="color: black;">PET-CT</span>体检并不适宜普通<span style="color: black;">公众</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">一方面是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它用在普通<span style="color: black;">公众</span>身上有很高的“假阴性”和“假阳性”概率，<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>癌症几乎<span style="color: black;">无</span>价值。另一方面是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>PET-CT本身就致癌，它<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>很强的电离辐射，做一次PET-CT就大概等于在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在海边晒了10年的太阳！你没看错，是10年！</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 事实上，做完PET-CT的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>含有放射性物质，按规定都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>和家人隔离一小段时间，更<span style="color: black;">不可</span>接触孕妇、婴儿和小孩，而这个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>信息在<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>大力<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>PET-CT体检的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>被刻意忽略了。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">PET-CT的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>价值是用于局部癌症（<span style="color: black;">例如</span>肺癌）<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的确诊和复发的监控</span>。美国权威<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>反对<span style="color: black;">运用</span>全身PET-CT给健康人体检，</span><span style="color: black;">普通人<span style="color: black;">基本</span>就<span style="color: black;">不该</span>该<span style="color: black;">运用</span>它。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 三是化疗的几个误区。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span></span><span style="color: black;">先区分一下容易混淆的两个概念——化疗和放疗。化疗<span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>抗癌功效的化学<span style="color: black;">药品</span>进行的癌症治疗手段，而放疗<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>直接利用高能量射线，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>叫辐射或高能量粒子打击杀死癌症细胞的治疗手段。</span><span style="color: black;">化疗有它自己的问题，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>太强。从情感<span style="color: black;">方向</span>，其副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>会让亲人和<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>受苦；从科学<span style="color: black;">方向</span>，其副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>严重限制了它的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>范围。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>说它毫<span style="color: black;">没</span>效果，则是纯粹的<span style="color: black;">流言</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>由此而拒绝治疗，投入“神医”怀抱，则<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>误入歧途。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>比疗的<span style="color: black;">重点</span></span><span style="color: black;">误解：<span style="color: black;">一是认为化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>来自生化武器，全是毒药</span>。然而</span><span style="color: black;">真相是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>确实<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>生化武器改造而来，但它是经过严格科学验证的。<span style="color: black;">二是</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">无</span>一个人是化疗治好的</span>。然而</span><span style="color: black;">真相是单靠化疗就能“治愈”<span style="color: black;">有些</span>癌症。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">三是<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法治愈<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，化疗<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>效的</span>。然而<span style="color: black;">真相是绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>化疗的目的是延长<span style="color: black;">病人</span>生命，而非治愈。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">四是化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>都差不多，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>都是随便用</span>。然而</span><span style="color: black;">真相是<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>机制都不同，现代化疗都是<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>组合，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>随时都在优化。<span style="color: black;">五是</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>肯定比化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>高级，效果更好</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">然而真相是化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>和靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的界限很模糊，某些化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>其实是靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>是免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>不完美，副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>严重限制了它的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。但它不是简单毒药，其中<span style="color: black;">包括</span>的科学原理非常<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>，有些化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>其实是靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。和新型<span style="color: black;">药品</span>比起来，它的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>价值毫不逊色。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>相对<span style="color: black;">优惠</span>的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>，它仍然会是<span style="color: black;">都数</span>癌症治疗的主力。<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>，绝<span style="color: black;">不该</span>该<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>相信伪科学和民间游医，一味排斥<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>彻底抛弃化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>这个选项，会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>耽误病情。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>癌症的流言传闻与猜想</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">一是个子高的人<span style="color: black;">更易</span>患癌症</span>？是的。<span style="color: black;">癌症的<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>，但有一个<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>的事实，那<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>论男女，长得越高，患癌概率就越大。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>而言，成人身高每<span style="color: black;">增多</span>10cm，患癌的概率就会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>11-18%。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>女性<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，身高是一个独立的患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>。可见上帝是公平的，<span style="color: black;">持有</span><span style="color: black;">美丽</span>的大长腿<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是要付出代价的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">二是转基因<span style="color: black;">食品</span>致癌吗</span>？</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>一个癌症生物学<span style="color: black;">专家</span>，作者负责任地说到<span style="color: black;">日前</span>为止，<span style="color: black;">无</span>任何一篇经得起推敲的高质量<span style="color: black;">科研</span>论文证明转基因<span style="color: black;">食品</span>能致癌。</span><span style="color: black;">转基因的本质是给细胞加入新的功能蛋白质，这些新蛋白质或许能促进生物体生长，<span style="color: black;">或</span>能产生抗药性等，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>论<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>，它们只是蛋白质。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>吃的转基因<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，<span style="color: black;">便是</span>吃了传统<span style="color: black;">食品</span>+新蛋白质。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">针对</span>转基因，<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">无</span>证<span style="color: black;">据述</span>明它对健康有任何害处，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>大可不必谈“转”色变</strong>。作者<span style="color: black;">自己</span>说自己<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吃转基因<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，并不为此感到担忧。就食品安全<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，<span style="color: black;">比转基因危险得多的是农药<span style="color: black;">乱用</span>，这才是真正会致病乃至致癌的东西</span>。<span style="color: black;">欧洲确实对转基因<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>很严，而美国基本是完全放开的。美国市场上有<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的转基因食品。</span><span style="color: black;">作者个人担心的是，就算有些商家给食品标上了非转基因标签，<span style="color: black;">大众</span>会相信吗？<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许社会公信力的缺失才是最亟待<span style="color: black;">处理</span>的问题。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">三是</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">癌症会传染吗</span>？</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">所说</span>癌症传染，有两种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>：<span style="color: black;">第1</span>是<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症的病毒<span style="color: black;">或</span>细菌传染，第二是癌细胞本身从一个<span style="color: black;">病人</span>传播到另一个<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>比较好理解，<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>细菌和病毒是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>传染的，流感、艾滋病<span style="color: black;">便是</span>病毒传染，而梅毒和结核病则是细菌传染。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>安慰剂效应是神经反应，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>它对神经系统<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的症状效果最<span style="color: black;">显著</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、抑郁、<span style="color: black;">头昏</span>、失眠，等等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">例如</span>，吗啡是一种常用的<span style="color: black;">止疼</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>吗啡分子和大脑内的受体结合后，能产生愉悦感，从而<span style="color: black;">控制</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。而安慰剂效应能刺激神经产生一种天然吗啡类化合物——内朌肽，这是人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>天<span style="color: black;">存活</span>在的愉悦剂和<span style="color: black;">止疼</span>剂，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>会产生和吗啡<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的效果。<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>，安慰剂效应治标不治本，它能缓解症状，但安慰剂<span style="color: black;">无</span>活性<span style="color: black;">成份</span>，不可能治愈<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>绝<span style="color: black;">不可</span>迷信。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">四是雾霾和肺癌，到底是什么关系</span>？<span style="color: black;">2013年年底，世界卫生组织下属的国际癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>委员会<span style="color: black;">知道</span>把空气中的细颗粒物（<span style="color: black;">包含</span>PM2.5）列为一级致癌物质。</span><span style="color: black;">致癌物质<span style="color: black;">根据</span>严重程度分为4级，分别为一级“<span style="color: black;">知道</span>致癌物”、二级“可能致癌物”、三级“<span style="color: black;">没</span>法确定致癌物”、四级“不太可能致癌物”。雾霾（PM2.5）被分到一级致癌物，就等同于说有足够证据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>空气污染和癌症（肺癌）有直接的因果关系。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 其他<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的被列于一类致癌物的<span style="color: black;">包含</span>烟草、乙醇（饮酒）、乙肝病毒、</span><span style="color: black;">腌制咸鱼（中国做法）</span><span style="color: black;">等。看到世界卫生组织在腌制咸鱼后面专门加括号注明中国做法，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是让人汗颜。</span><span style="color: black;">雾霾能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肺癌，从科学上有两大<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">第一，雾霾中含有致癌化学物质；第二，雾霾中的细小颗粒会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>慢性肺部<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>最新<span style="color: black;">科研</span>，在<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>中，室外空气污染<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>排进前5名，比它更严重的是<span style="color: black;">吸烟</span>（遥遥领先）、<span style="color: black;">喝酒</span><span style="color: black;">、缺乏<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>、<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>和缺乏<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span></span>，和室外空气污染差不多的是<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>摄入高盐<span style="color: black;">食品</span>、室内空气污染</span><span style="color: black;">和缺</span><span style="color: black;">乏蔬菜</span>。<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在呼吁国家采取措施改善空气质量的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人其实都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>事情来让自己和家人远离癌症：<span style="color: black;">戒烟、戒酒、多吃<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>蔬菜、多<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>、少吃高盐和腌制<span style="color: black;">食品</span>等</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
感谢楼主分享，祝愿外链论坛越办越好！ 系统提示我验证码错误1500次 ＼~゛，
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