癌症的初期症状，可能比你想象的还要多！肿瘤医生：身体这15个表现要尤为注意
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人总说自己在不知不觉中就患癌了，到了医院一查<span style="color: black;">便是</span>癌症晚期，痛不欲生。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实，癌症并不是一蹴而就的。从正常细胞发展到癌细胞需十几年的时间，只是你没能及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，把癌症扼杀在摇篮里。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ZKG4iaR3AsgX7icTfRianoZkJ8qZibXpaejBibZSTA2Bd7S0adqsviaQIVUM4oRQ4CCDcVz6wOqias7UaMB0g70pWf2jQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">早在2019年，《柳叶刀·肿瘤学》就<span style="color: black;">发帖</span>揭示<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的20种癌症症状和12个癌种诊断分期之间的关系。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大概</span>三分之一的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>（34%，2685/7997）诊断为 IV期时，有两种及以上症状<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>。大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>(>80%)在确诊时表现为<span style="color: black;">关联</span>部位的症状，例如：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳房肿块(乳腺癌)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">反常</span>的痣(黑色素瘤)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">绝经后<span style="color: black;">流血</span>(子宫内膜癌)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下尿路症状(前列腺癌)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">咯血、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、胸部感染、胸部<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、咳嗽(肺癌)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相比之下，<span style="color: black;">有些</span>不太<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>特异的症状，例如腹痛、肠胃习惯改变、背痛、疲劳、体重减轻的癌症发病部位各异。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对付癌症最好的<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>在癌症<span style="color: black;">初期</span>就<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>它，越早进行治疗和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>，疗效越好。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肿瘤<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>：</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">这15个身体表现请牢记在心！</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">患上癌症后，身体会有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>表现？2021年8月「厦门大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院」肿瘤科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师「潘战和」在其<span style="color: black;">微X</span>公号上<span style="color: black;">发帖</span>提醒，提醒，身体<span style="color: black;">显现</span>这15个表现要<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>了，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>牢记在心！</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ZKG4iaR3AsgX7icTfRianoZkJ8qZibXpaejBMDyr8o66b8Rm2Oib5Spsrvs1A546kUYwNVLjYmYZV4YBmp2wbHP6PLw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">01 身体<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肿块、结节——三招<span style="color: black;">能够</span>初判断</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">身体某部位<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肿块结节，<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个可能会想到的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>肿瘤。但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不必恐慌，肿块结节不<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>癌症，它<span style="color: black;">能够</span>是非肿瘤性的（<span style="color: black;">例如</span>炎性包块），<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是良性肿瘤。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>肿块结节，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>对它做一个初步的判断：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一看<span style="color: black;">体积</span>。越小的结节概率上越倾向良性，当然<span style="color: black;">亦</span>并非绝对，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>随访复查；<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>结节超过1cm则更要<span style="color: black;">注意</span>。除了<span style="color: black;">体积</span>本身，<span style="color: black;">体积</span>的变化趋势和速度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>参考价值，<span style="color: black;">连续</span>增大<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是增大<span style="color: black;">快速</span>的结节倾向恶性可能，要<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">注意</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">二看质地。质软或囊性肿块，倾向于良性，质硬、固定或实性肿块，倾向恶性可能，但淋巴瘤的肿大淋巴结摸起来质韧。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">三看边界和活动度。良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>边界清，活动度较好；恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">都数</span>边界不清，与<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织<span style="color: black;">常常</span>粘连或融合，活动度较差。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">02 身体<span style="color: black;">连续</span>非外伤<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>——切忌<span style="color: black;">乱用</span>止痛药</span></strong></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ZKG4iaR3AsgX7icTfRianoZkJ8qZibXpaejB3FD0njOFicHMVAxQJ06vFeGduLUxrpkibibRX2wibKu9pxtWnfCfEAby5w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">都数</span>人都经历过<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个反应<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是用止痛药，这其实会掩盖病情，应该先想一想可能是什么<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>身体某个部位<span style="color: black;">显现</span>非外伤<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的、<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明的<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，应去医院查明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">03 <span style="color: black;">显现</span>长治不愈的咳嗽——<span style="color: black;">重要</span>要查咳嗽因</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>对咳嗽见怪不怪，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会太<span style="color: black;">注意</span>。有的人遇到咳嗽就止咳，其实更<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是要弄清楚咳嗽的病因。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>久治不愈的咳嗽或痰中带血，尤其是<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吸烟者，应<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>肺癌等的可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">04 <span style="color: black;">显现</span>不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>总发烧——可能癌症是元凶</span></strong></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ZKG4iaR3AsgX7icTfRianoZkJ8qZibXpaejBJC4srAdXspEib6UNTpRUicsNynSFqzfIqaGYyk1rOibpYCP57x4Urg96w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">显现</span>发烧，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">想要</span>的是什么<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>的发烧，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>发烧<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明，且<span style="color: black;">连续</span>存在，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>癌症可能，尽早进行<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">05 莫名<span style="color: black;">显现</span>消瘦和疲乏——<span style="color: black;">原由</span>或许在癌症</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>主动进行<span style="color: black;">减肥</span>煅炼，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>刻意节食，体重却不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>下降或进行性消瘦，或伴厌食、乏力、易疲劳等，要查明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，消瘦和疲乏<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是癌症的表现之一。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">06 明明<span style="color: black;">无</span>外伤却<span style="color: black;">流血</span>——<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>癌症找上门</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">非外伤性<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>，便血或呕血，要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排除肠癌、胃癌可能；咳血、痰中带血要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>肺癌；不规律阴道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>或非<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>期<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，可能与子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌等妇科肿瘤<span style="color: black;">相关</span>；<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性血尿或伴排尿困难，小心泌尿系肿瘤；非外伤鼻<span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>排除鼻咽癌可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">07 <span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>的消化<span style="color: black;">反常</span>——莫要大意当胃病</span></strong></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ZKG4iaR3AsgX7icTfRianoZkJ8qZibXpaejBAvQ9kudVCOaHVUcicJZPGOiawicQdob4AToDhH4m2EVMPXf1giaNscMB3w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">消化不良、食欲不振<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人只是短暂一过性的，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>消化不良<span style="color: black;">连续</span>存在，或伴反酸烧心，上腹闷痛不适，不<span style="color: black;">想要</span>当然认为是<span style="color: black;">通常</span>的“胃病”，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>胃癌或食管癌等的可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">08 吞咽<span style="color: black;">食品</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>梗阻感——尽早<span style="color: black;">看病</span>找<span style="color: black;">原由</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">摄食</span>时有胸骨后闷胀感或胸骨后面的烧灼感，胸骨后<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，<span style="color: black;">或</span>感觉食管内异物感，尤其是进行性加重的吞咽<span style="color: black;">食品</span>梗阻感，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>食管癌、喉癌等的可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">09 声音嘶哑<span style="color: black;">连续</span>难恢复——喉返神经受侵压</span></strong></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ZKG4iaR3AsgX7icTfRianoZkJ8qZibXpaejBPfQPCJGrtkJibia5AZeZuZwQmew4OSgicVcdP2ZRtYXDRBFzZTNLSlG1Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">短暂的声嘶可能<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都曾有过，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>声嘶难于恢复<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间较久，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>喉癌、肺癌等侵犯或压迫喉返神经的可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">10 大便习惯、性状状变——小心肠癌已上身</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大便习惯、次数或性状<span style="color: black;">出现</span>改变（大便外形变细、大便带脓、血、粘液等）或便秘与腹泻交替，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>大肠癌，尽早到医院<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">11 <span style="color: black;">显现</span>白斑或是癌前病——增大灼痒疑癌变</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">口腔粘膜白斑、女性外阴或男性阴茎龟头白斑<span style="color: black;">快速</span>扩大伴灼痒感，应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排除癌变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">12 黑痣<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>增大色改变——可能是黑色素瘤</span></strong></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ZKG4iaR3AsgX7icTfRianoZkJ8qZibXpaejBk9kBpgwsaVbibmQa0Jh4dicczNTocEm5aicaOmicRSY2grOibpo6S5wFqMg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">黑痣<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都有，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>黑痣<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>增大、或边缘变得不规则、或颜色<span style="color: black;">出现</span>改变、或<span style="color: black;">显现</span>破溃<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、或灼痒<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、痣上原有的毛发脱落，要<span style="color: black;">可疑</span>黑色素瘤可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">13 <span style="color: black;">显现</span>自发病理性骨折——恶性肿瘤破坏骨</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>外力或仅有轻微外力<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，很容易就<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的骨折，可能是病理性骨折，应<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>骨恶性肿瘤。青少年<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>非外伤性关节处<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>肿胀，要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排查白血病。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">14 溃疡伤口<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>不自愈——或是癌症捣的乱</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>皮肤伤口或溃疡<span style="color: black;">连续</span>不愈，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>皮肤癌可能。口腔溃疡很<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，但如果<span style="color: black;">长期</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>愈合，应<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>口腔癌可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">15 男性乳房的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>变化——莫要羞涩早<span style="color: black;">看病</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽管男性乳腺癌极少见，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>男性乳房<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增生<span style="color: black;">成长</span>或<span style="color: black;">显现</span>其他<span style="color: black;">反常</span>变化，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>男性乳腺癌可能，尽早到乳腺专科就诊。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">这些是查癌的“金标准”！</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的癌症筛查，选对<span style="color: black;">检测</span>项目太<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>了，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人没能<span style="color: black;">即时</span>查出来，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>选错了！记住，这些才是查癌的“金标准”！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">01 肺癌——低剂量螺旋CT</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌筛查<span style="color: black;">包含</span>胸片、胸部低剂量螺旋CT、以及在常规胸部低剂量螺旋CT加肺部结节三维重建等方式。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ZKG4iaR3AsgX7icTfRianoZkJ8qZibXpaejBIH2Q8SlN1kBIEd031BaaI1jMHO8b7SRRBHbia5TKicRpUjN5icOlice5qA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">「四川大学华西医院」肺癌中心学术<span style="color: black;">专家</span>、肺癌<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所所长「周清华教授」曾介绍，它们的有效性比较为：肺部结节三维重建CT > 低剂量螺旋CT > 胸片。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相较于胸片，低剂量螺旋CT<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>多<span style="color: black;">方向</span><span style="color: black;">影像</span>，<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>观察病灶强化<span style="color: black;">状况</span>的优点，常常是<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>诊断和鉴别<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>肺癌高危人群，每年<span style="color: black;">必须</span>做一次低剂量螺旋CT<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肺部已有结节，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>加做肺部结节三维重建CT。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">02 胃癌——胃镜</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">「四川大学华西医院」胃肠外科「马钦」<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>曾介绍：慢性胃炎、<span style="color: black;">初期</span>胃癌的症状并不典型，有些人吃点<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，症状得到缓解后就<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>留意了，常常耽误病情。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ZKG4iaR3AsgX7icTfRianoZkJ8qZibXpaejB9JibpmOuI9ftjibTiaUzWibvO6HlZzwAB1OOIOYtOhtYYlZf2KhsvZ6jWQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>胃部<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>最有效的<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>是——胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">意见</span>40岁以上的<span style="color: black;">没</span>症状者，应每年做一次胃镜。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，慢性胃炎大军中的萎缩性胃炎人群<span style="color: black;">亦</span>属于胃癌高危人群，需每年进行胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">03 肝癌——甲胎蛋白+肝脏<span style="color: black;">彩超</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">「四川大学华西医院」普外科学科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>、<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师「李波教授」曾介绍，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>肝癌，超高危人群和高危人群的筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是不同的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">超高危人群：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">● 乙肝<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的肝硬化</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">● 丙肝<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的肝硬化</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">筛查<span style="color: black;">意见</span>：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">每3—4个月，查超声、AFP（甲胎蛋白）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">每6—12个月，查CT或MRI（磁共振<span style="color: black;">影像</span>）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">高危人群：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">● 慢性乙肝</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">● 慢性丙肝</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">● 其他<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的肝硬化（非乙肝、非丙肝）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查<span style="color: black;">意见</span></strong>：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">每6个月，查超声、AFP（甲胎蛋白）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">普通人群筛查<span style="color: black;">意见</span>：<span style="color: black;">保持</span>做好每年的健康体检。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">04 肠癌——肠镜</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">「四川大学华西第四医院」消化内科「肖丽娜」曾介绍，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>依然是诊断结直肠癌的金标准。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">• <span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群，<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>从45~50岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>进行肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>镜下未见到病变，以后可每10年复查一次。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> • <span style="color: black;">针对</span>高危<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>从40岁就应<span style="color: black;">起始</span>进行肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ZKG4iaR3AsgX7icTfRianoZkJ8qZibXpaejBEDkaLcib5c5ibhxjCu7goPbbUWjicgpC0KM7uV5xovJB9UOzXC75ceVDA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，肖丽娜<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>还指出，有一类特殊人群——<span style="color: black;">已然</span>接受过息肉切除术的病人，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>复查肠镜的频率：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> • 多发性息肉（数量>3）、高级别息肉：应3年内复查；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> • 小息肉（1-2个）：应5年内复查；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> • 大的<span style="color: black;">没</span>蒂息肉应在治疗后2-6月复查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">05 乳腺癌——乳腺X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">四川省肿瘤医院（<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所）·四川省癌症防治中心·电子科技大学医学院<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>肿瘤医院「乳腺外科中心」<span style="color: black;">专家</span>「李卉教授」曾介绍，</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>常用的3种乳腺<span style="color: black;">检测</span>方式为：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> • 乳腺X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>（钼靶）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> • 乳腺超声波<span style="color: black;">检测</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> • 乳腺磁共振（MRI）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中，乳腺X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>是筛查<span style="color: black;">初期</span>乳腺癌的最有效手段，对40岁以上女性筛查准确性较高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>人群乳腺癌筛查标准（如图）</p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">06 前列腺癌——PSA筛查</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">「北京同仁医院」泌尿外科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师「张光银」曾指出，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>健康人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是筛查<span style="color: black;">初期</span>癌症，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>50岁以上的男性，用前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）项目来排查前列腺癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>PSA价钱更加<span style="color: black;">优惠</span>，排除假阳性问题，是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查前列腺癌特异性的最方便、<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">07 宫颈癌——HPV+TCT</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相比其他癌症，宫颈癌是人类所有癌症中<span style="color: black;">独一</span>病因<span style="color: black;">知道</span>且能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>早筛、早治而消除的癌症，即感染乳头瘤病毒(HPV)，这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着针对病因<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>防治。</p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">「成都市<span style="color: black;">女性</span>儿童中心医院」妇科「干晓琴」曾介绍，有过性经历的女性，都应<span style="color: black;">定时</span>进行宫颈癌变筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">• 年龄<span style="color: black;">少于</span>21岁，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不进行宫颈癌变筛查，但过早有性生活或多个性伴侣或过早生育，则应行宫颈癌变筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> • 21~29岁的女性，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>进行宫颈细胞学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>(TCT)，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>结果是正常的，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>三年后再进行下一次宫颈细胞学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。若有<span style="color: black;">反常</span>，需结合HPV检测或阴道镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">• 年龄在30岁或以上的女性，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>宫颈细胞学(TCT)和HPV联合筛查。结果正常者，可在五年后进行下一次联合筛查。<span style="color: black;">■</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图文编辑：郭芙蓉 视频编辑：卢双赢</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">编审：李小不</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本文<span style="color: black;">源自</span>：成都商报四川名医（id：scmingyi）</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">爱好</span>，就给我一个</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“在看”</strong></span></span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
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