预示癌症的20个表现，一旦发掘请小心！
<span style="color: black;">“不痛不痒”却查出癌症晚期？</span><span style="color: black;">不少人都听过或遇到过<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的案例，一个看起来健康的人，平时<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>不适，但某一天<span style="color: black;">检测</span>出癌症晚期。</span><span style="color: black;">难道癌症来临前真的不痛不痒？</span><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌症来临前不痛不痒</strong></p><span style="color: black;">厦门大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院肿瘤科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师潘战和2023年3月在肿瘤专科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>公众号刊文<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">其实有些癌症完全<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>任何症状表现，哪怕已经晚期，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>什么<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>的表现。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">潘战和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>2023年7月在肿瘤专科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>公众号刊文<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，癌细胞<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>正常细胞异变而来的，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>癌细胞<span style="color: black;">持续</span>增殖“生儿育女”，数量越来越多，聚集成癌细胞团，<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的癌症（癌结节或肿块）。但<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候没能<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，癌症有了继续发展下去的机会。癌细胞当然不会老老实实待在原地，而是会扩散转移。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/03UUuUr98GI4n6wJ2mxKvUaFic8H5WIo1bOPjibcc9l2sE18ib6b0hbpMu7r8L6sgzUVibNjd48QLfMuSqLOYgIqBg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：pixabay</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">从癌前病变到癌症扩散仅 4 步</strong></p><span style="color: black;">潘战和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，癌症的发展就像是从“种子”到“大树”的长成过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1. 种子<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">癌前病变就像是“种子<span style="color: black;">周期</span>”，它还<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“树”，把它种在土壤里，<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">前提</span>合适，当然有可能长成树，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>适合的<span style="color: black;">前提</span>，<span style="color: black;">或</span>将种子从土壤里挖出来或进行其他处理，它就不会长成树，<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>没机会长成树。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2. 树苗<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">此时</span>种子<span style="color: black;">已然</span>发芽，<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>之为树，当然还只是小树苗，根基还很浅，不会<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>能力向四周和远处播撒种子，这个时候<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>想除掉它是很容易的，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>连根拔起，<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>拔得很彻底，让它没机会再长起，这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>原位癌。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">3. 大树<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">当树苗继续生长，根基变深，<span style="color: black;">起始</span>枝繁叶茂了，<span style="color: black;">便是</span>真正的“大树”了，生命力<span style="color: black;">已然</span>很强了，这个时候想要除掉它就不会太<span style="color: black;">容易</span>了，但只要处理<span style="color: black;">即时</span>，仍然有可能将它连根拔起，让它<span style="color: black;">无</span>机会再长成，但<span style="color: black;">因为</span>它的根系<span style="color: black;">已然</span>很深，在被拔起时，可能还会残留根系，有朝一日可能又重新长起来。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">4. 播撒种子。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">当长成的大树继续生长，它可能会将它的根系和种子向四周附近延伸播撒，在<span style="color: black;">周边</span>再长成新的小树，就像是癌症的区域淋巴结转移。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">最能预示癌症的20个表现</strong></p><strong style="color: blue;">一旦<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>要<span style="color: black;">小心</span>！
</strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">数年</span>临床经验，潘战和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>总结出20个癌症相对较为典型的表现，一旦有这些表现当然要高度<span style="color: black;">注意</span>，虽然<span style="color: black;">不可</span>简单地对号入座，但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要做的是尽快到医院就诊<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/03UUuUr98GI4n6wJ2mxKvUaFic8H5WIo1v33dpmroRFhfrSYSJKicXY04xzHUfVAuIJ5ukFkJzlECV5KeSBTTSlA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：</span><span style="color: black;">pixabay</span></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1. </span></strong>迁延不愈的口腔溃疡——口腔癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">口腔溃疡时间有长有短，但都会愈合。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>口腔溃疡<span style="color: black;">长期</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法愈合，用了<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>见效不大，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是吸烟嗜酒的人，嚼食槟榔的人，要尽快去医院口腔科<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2. 回吸性血涕——鼻咽癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">回吸性血涕是鼻咽癌较为典型的表现，用力将鼻腔和后鼻孔的痰吸到口腔内<span style="color: black;">而后</span>吐出来的东西中带有血性分泌物。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>经常<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>越来越重，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是鼻咽癌高发地区的人，或有家族史的人，要<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">注意</span>。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3. <span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明、<span style="color: black;">连续</span>不愈干咳伴血痰——肺癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>咳嗽<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>不见好转，<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明（排除感冒之类的病因），<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吸烟的人更要高度<span style="color: black;">注意</span>。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4. 头痛、喷射性呕吐、视力<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>——<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span></strong></p><span style="color: black;">这是<span style="color: black;">所说</span>的颅内压<span style="color: black;">升高</span>“三联症”，只是提示有颅内压<span style="color: black;">升高</span>，脑内肯定是有问题的，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">5. 进行性吞咽困难——食管癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">吞咽不适、吞咽受阻感，这种进行性发展加重的吞咽困难基本上很可能是食管长了肿瘤。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">6. <span style="color: black;">连续</span>不缓解的上腹部<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、呕吐呕血或黑便——</strong><strong style="color: blue;">胃癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">胃炎、胃溃疡、胃<span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>可能，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>症状到了这种程度<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要去<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，可能是胃癌，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>拖延。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">7. 肠刺激症状和排便习惯改变——结直肠癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">肠刺激症状和排便习惯改变，如便频、腹泻或便秘，便秘与腹泻交替、里急后重、肛门坠胀感等，以及便血、肠梗阻。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">8. <span style="color: black;">连续</span>腰背痛、腹痛及上腹饱胀、消瘦黄疸——</strong><strong style="color: blue;">胰腺癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">胰腺癌很难<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，有这些表现基本上晚期可能性<span style="color: black;">极重</span>，但并不是说有这些表现就<span style="color: black;">必定</span>是胰腺癌，尽早去医院<span style="color: black;">检测</span>弄清楚<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">9. 上腹<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>不适——肝癌、胆囊癌、胆管癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">间歇性或<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性钝痛或刺痛，腹部包块，黄疸，腹水，下肢水肿，肝掌、蜘蛛痣，腹壁静脉曲张等肝硬化表现。</span><span style="color: black;">不管<span style="color: black;">是否</span>肝癌胆管癌，肯定是有问题的，尽快<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">10. <span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性、进行性<span style="color: black;">成长</span>乳腺包块——乳腺癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">特征性的乳房皮肤改变，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>酒窝征、橘皮样变、卫星结节、铠甲样变等；</span><span style="color: black;">乳头<span style="color: black;">反常</span>改变，如乳头血性溢液，乳头回缩凹陷，乳头糜烂和结痂等湿疹样改变，腋下质硬肿大淋巴结。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">11. 接触性阴道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>——宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">尤其是绝经后，白带<span style="color: black;">增加</span>、阴道排液，米汤样，或混有血液，可能<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>特殊的臭味。</span><span style="color: black;">接触性<span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>宫颈一碰到就<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>性生活，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>妇科<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">有以上这些<span style="color: black;">反常</span>表现，尽早去正规医院妇科就诊<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">12. 腹胀腹痛、下腹部包块、腹水——卵巢癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">卵巢癌是很难<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的癌症，但不等于就完全<span style="color: black;">没</span>能为力，主动筛查，有<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>就诊。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">13. 血尿、腰痛、腹部肿块——肾癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">血尿、腰痛、腹部肿块是很典型的三联征，尽快去泌尿外科就诊。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/03UUuUr98GI4n6wJ2mxKvUaFic8H5WIo1ASMxFQnTUq9f9bBkvQxianU5LxFfBBTXBaXTEwcdCCjV9w8XoeHkKVA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：pixabay</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">14. <span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性肉眼血尿——膀胱癌</span></span></strong></p><span style="color: black;">排除感染和结石<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的膀胱刺激症状（尿频、尿急、尿痛和排尿困难）等<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，<span style="color: black;">显现</span>这种表现最大的可能<span style="color: black;">便是</span>肿瘤了。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">15. 老年男性，尿频尿急等尿路刺激——前列腺癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">排尿踌躇、排尿不尽、排尿中断、尿后滴沥、排尿费力、夜尿频多等。</span><span style="color: black;">老年人前列腺炎很<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，但前列腺癌可能性<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不低，要去<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>诊断。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">16. 睾丸<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>增大的<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性肿块——睾丸癌</strong></p><span style="color: black;">摸到肿块<span style="color: black;">况且</span>越来越大，尽快去泌尿外科就诊。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">17. <span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性淋巴结增大，酒精痛，皮肤瘙痒——淋巴</strong><strong style="color: blue;">瘤</strong></p><span style="color: black;">霍奇金淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>饮酒后致受累的骨和淋巴结部位<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，以及盗汗、发热、体重下降。</span><span style="color: black;">尽早去医院<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">18. 不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>骨痛、<span style="color: black;">没</span>外伤病理性骨折——骨肿瘤</strong></p><span style="color: black;">不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的骨痛或“<span style="color: black;">没</span>缘<span style="color: black;">没</span>故”自发性骨折，就要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>肿瘤可能了。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">19. 色素痣<span style="color: black;">出现</span>异常变化——黑色素瘤</span></span></strong></p><span style="color: black;">痣<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>的变化，尽早去皮肤科看。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">20. 不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的乏力、体重下降（消瘦）——多种癌</strong><strong style="color: blue;">症</strong></p><span style="color: black;">所有癌症发展到<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>（中晚期）都有可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>这些不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的乏力、体重下降的表现。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">参考资料：</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">2023-03-07肿瘤专科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>《最能预示癌症的20个表现》（潘战和）</span><span style="color: black;"> 2023-07-29肿瘤专科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>《癌细胞扩散前有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>先兆？》（潘战和）</span><span style="color: black;">2023-10-20肿瘤专科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>《癌症<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>从种子长成大树》（潘战和）</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：科普中国</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">初审（一校）：龙慧红</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">复审（二校）：曾政国</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">终审（三校）：胡 建</span></p>
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