14个癌症信号，你必定要晓得 | 医者名片
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如今，虽然肿瘤的治疗水平较以往有<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>，新治疗手段层出不穷，但肿瘤的治愈之路仍要依靠<strong style="color: blue;">早预防、早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、早诊断和早治疗。</strong>除了针对<span style="color: black;">没</span>症状高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群进行常规筛查，对<span style="color: black;">有些</span>可能的癌症信号<span style="color: black;">即时</span>关注，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>尽早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">可能与肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的危险信号<span style="color: black;">重点</span>分三类：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.浅表可摸到的肿块。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.<span style="color: black;">出现</span>肿瘤的器官<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>症状或肿瘤<span style="color: black;">成长</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的压迫、侵犯症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.肿瘤发展<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的全身症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人们应该密切关注自己身体的不适和变化，<strong style="color: blue;">这些变化可能<span style="color: black;">便是</span>癌症或癌前<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>发出的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>波信号。</strong>另一方面，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>要明白这些“身体信号”虽然与肿瘤<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，但<span style="color: black;">常常</span>不是肿瘤特有的。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>信号<span style="color: black;">不消</span>恐慌，正确的处理方式</strong>应该是到正规医院<span style="color: black;">即时</span>求诊，既不讳疾忌医，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不外</span>度焦虑。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">详细</span>的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>症状<span style="color: black;">包含</span>以下几种：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.1</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的体重减轻 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>说的体重减轻<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>半年到一年内体重减轻5%以上。<strong style="color: blue;">25%的不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的体重减轻与癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>，</strong>且体重减轻<span style="color: black;">更易</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>在癌症晚期。<span style="color: black;">出现</span>体重减轻，需排除能量摄入不足、血糖<span style="color: black;">反常</span>、甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">反常</span>、慢性腹泻等良性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.2</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">体表不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的肿块 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当体表<span style="color: black;">显现</span>不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的肿块，如乳腺、睾丸包块，皮下结节，颈部、腋下、腹股沟浅表淋巴结肿大时，要<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">注意</span>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿块活动度差，伴有红肿、<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，短期内快速<span style="color: black;">成长</span>，有<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的血管、色斑或<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的颜色变化，</strong>请尽快<span style="color: black;">看病</span>，接受<span style="color: black;">关联</span>影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，必要时进行活检。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.3</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">盗汗</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">盗汗可能是肿瘤<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的全身症状，在白血病和淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中常见。盗汗易在夜间睡觉时反复<span style="color: black;">出现</span>，汗液经常浸透衣物。<span style="color: black;">显现</span>盗汗，<span style="color: black;">病人</span><strong style="color: blue;">需排除甲亢、糖尿病、结核、更年期<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、系统性红斑狼疮等良性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</strong><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">长期</span>盗汗合并短期内体重减轻，应<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">看病</span>，行<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.4</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">反常</span>阴道<span style="color: black;">流血</span> </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">反常</span>阴道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>有多种形式，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>非经期阴道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，经期<span style="color: black;">流血</span>量较平时更大、周期更长，性交后<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，绝经后<span style="color: black;">流血</span>等。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">显现</span>这些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，应该<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌和阴道癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</strong><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，许多良性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，如子宫内膜结核、宫内异物、妊娠性<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、功能性<span style="color: black;">流血</span>等，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>阴道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.5</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">大便习惯改变 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大便习惯改变<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>便秘、腹泻，便秘和腹泻交替<span style="color: black;">显现</span>，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">此时</span>尤其<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">警觉</span>胃肠道的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</strong>胰腺、肝脏的恶性肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>通过影响消化道对营养物质的吸收，而<span style="color: black;">显现</span>不同程度的腹泻和脂肪泻。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>如肠易激<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、痔疮、直肠息肉、慢性肠炎等<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>大便习惯改变。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">长期</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>以上症状，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>去正规医院完成肠镜、肿瘤标志物、影像学等<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</strong></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.6</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">大便带血 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大便带血是部分胃肠肿瘤的症状。大便中血液的颜色有助于判断病变部位，乙状结肠和直肠<span style="color: black;">流血</span>常呈鲜红色；右半结肠和小肠<span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>为暗红色、棕色或黑色；<strong style="color: blue;">食管或胃<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，颜色非常深，像咖啡渣。</strong>除了胃肠肿瘤，许多良性病变，如痔疮、肠道息肉、肛裂等<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>大便带血。若<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>大便带血合并体重减轻，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>尽早<span style="color: black;">看病</span>，完成<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.7</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">连续</span>性咳嗽 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>性咳嗽的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>：<strong style="color: blue;">1.肺癌，</strong>大约一半的肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在确诊时伴有慢性咳嗽。<strong style="color: blue;">2.其他肿瘤，</strong>如乳腺癌、结肠癌、肾癌、前列腺癌等，扩散到肺部。<strong style="color: blue;">3.其他<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>系统<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，</strong>如慢性阻塞性肺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、支气管哮喘、肺结核等，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>性咳嗽。如<span style="color: black;">显现</span>该症状，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>尽快进行胸部影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.8</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>急促 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>急促是一种浅而快的<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>，<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>频率超过24次/分钟。这是临床<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的呼吸系统症状，<span style="color: black;">常常</span>由<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>系统<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>因<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>及影响<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>的器官或组织病变<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>功能不全<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>急促<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是肺癌的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状之一。</strong><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>的<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>急促容易<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>衰竭，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>有必要尽早查明病因，进行针对性治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.9</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">病痛</span> </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">身体各部位的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>都有可能由原发肿瘤<span style="color: black;">或</span>转移肿瘤直接<span style="color: black;">或</span>间接压迫<span style="color: black;">引起</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有可能由其他慢性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、骨头病变<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是深度<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，</strong>应积极寻找<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.10</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">乏力 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乏力与普通疲劳不同，这种疲劳很难<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">休憩</span><span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>治疗缓解，严重影响生活质量。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>乏力，<strong style="color: blue;">生理性<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>不足、过度疲劳、应激反应，<span style="color: black;">药品</span>性<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">吃下</span><span style="color: black;">助眠</span>药、镇静药，<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>性<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>甲减、抑郁症、肾功能不全、<span style="color: black;">痴傻</span>等。</strong>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的乏力<span style="color: black;">常常</span>更持久。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.11</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">皮肤改变 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">全身皮肤的变化<span style="color: black;">包含</span>皮肤表面新发斑点，伤口久不愈合，痣或雀斑<span style="color: black;">显现</span>变化等。<strong style="color: blue;">皮肤短期内变化应<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>皮肤癌的可能，如基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、黑色素瘤等。</strong>其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，如皮炎、过敏、系统性红斑狼疮，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>皮肤变化。<span style="color: black;">显现</span>皮肤变化应尽早到皮肤科就诊，必要时进行活检。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.12</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">腹胀 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">腹胀是一种<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的消化系统症状，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>伴有呕吐、腹泻、嗳气等。<span style="color: black;">导致</span>腹胀的<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>有胃肠道胀气、腹水、腹腔肿瘤等。<strong style="color: blue;">腹胀<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是卵巢癌的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>症状，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>女性<span style="color: black;">一般</span>将这种症状归因于体重<span style="color: black;">增多</span></strong>或其他<span style="color: black;">原由</span>而<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.13</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">尿血</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尿中带血可能是膀胱癌的症状。有吸烟史<span style="color: black;">或</span>家族史者，<strong style="color: blue;">即使尿液只是轻微的粉红色，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>膀胱癌。</strong><span style="color: black;">最少</span>一半的膀胱癌<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>吸烟<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，如肾结石、膀胱结石、尿道<span style="color: black;">损害</span>等，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>尿血。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">No.14</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">吞咽困难 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">吞咽困难是食管癌最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的症状。</strong><span style="color: black;">因为</span>食管穿过肺部区域，该区域的肿瘤如肺癌、淋巴瘤压迫食管，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>吞咽困难。其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，如食管良性狭窄、食管贲门失弛缓症、弥漫性食管痉挛、胃-食管反流<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>吞咽困难。<span style="color: black;">显现</span>吞咽困难者，应尽早<span style="color: black;">看病</span>，<span style="color: black;">知道</span>病因。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除此之外，不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的发热、尿动力变化、胃灼热（烧心）、口腔溃疡不愈合等，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有可能是肿瘤的症状。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这里</span>提醒<span style="color: black;">大众</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">并不是只要<span style="color: black;">显现</span>以上症状，就<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>肿瘤；<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是所有的肿瘤均会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>以上症状。</strong><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>症状在短期内急剧恶化，<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>超过半个月以上，请<span style="color: black;">即时</span>到医院就诊咨询并完善<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：《<span style="color: black;">公众</span>健康》杂志</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者：四川大学华西医院腹部肿瘤科 周裕文 邱萌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">审核：国家健康科普专家库专家</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">四川大学华西医院胃肠肿瘤外科专家 胡建昆</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">策划：吴卫红 谭嘉</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">编辑：余运西</p>
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