b1gc8v 发表于 2024-6-12 07:54:44

肿瘤科医生:21种癌症的典型表现列全了


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文作者:潘战和,厦门大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院肿瘤科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当癌症来临之际,身体都会有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>反应,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>会有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>典型表现呢?厦门大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院肿瘤科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师潘战和提醒,以下这些<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌症的典型表现要<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">警觉</span>!21种癌症的典型表现</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、肺癌:<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明<span style="color: black;">连续</span>不愈的刺激性干咳或伴血痰。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、胸腺瘤:<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>纵隔占位伴重症肌<span style="color: black;">没</span>力。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、食管癌:进行性加重的吞咽困难。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、胃癌:上腹<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、呕吐、呕血或黑便。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、结直肠癌:便频、腹泻或便秘,便秘与腹泻交替、里急后重、肛门坠胀感、便血等肠刺激症状和排便习惯改变。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6、胰腺癌:腹痛、腰背酸痛、黄疸、消瘦。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7-8、肝癌、胆管癌:右上腹摸到包块、右上腹痛、黄疸。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9、<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>:头痛、喷射性呕吐、视盘水肿视力<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>,即颅内压<span style="color: black;">升高</span>“三联症”。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">十、</span>口腔癌:口腔溃疡久治不愈。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11、鼻咽癌:回吸性涕血。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12、乳腺癌:乳房进行性生长的<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性包块、乳头乳晕改变、腋下淋巴结肿大。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13-14、宫颈癌和子宫癌:接触性阴道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>或不规则阴道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15、卵巢癌:腹胀、腹痛、下腹包块、腹水。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">16、淋巴瘤:<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性淋巴结增大、盗汗、发热、体重下降、皮肤瘙痒、酒精痛。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">17、骨肿瘤:<span style="color: black;">没</span>外伤病理性骨折、不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>骨痛。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">18、黑色素瘤:原有色素痣<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>变化。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">19、膀胱癌:<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性肉眼血尿。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20、前列腺癌:尿频尿急、尿不尽、排尿困难费力等。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">21、睾丸癌:睾丸<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>增大的<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性肿块。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌症的典型症状,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>以上表现,要高度<span style="color: black;">可疑</span>肿瘤可能,务必要进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>以<span style="color: black;">知道</span>诊断。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,高危人群要主动进行肿瘤筛查,<span style="color: black;">即时</span>去医院就诊<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>

    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-3669bf2b3cb8ee706c99d6c27ac03432_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">资料<span style="color: black;">照片</span>。李蔚海摄</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤筛查,这几项很<span style="color: black;">重要</span>!</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>想筛查肿瘤,要做<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>呢?潘战和提醒,<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>有针对性<span style="color: black;">选取</span>以下<span style="color: black;">检测</span>手段:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、体格<span style="color: black;">检测</span>(查体)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>视触叩听等(用眼睛看,用手来触摸等)。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>乳房的视诊、触诊<span style="color: black;">认识</span>乳腺的外观、乳头、<span style="color: black;">可否</span>有结节包块,有助于<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>乳腺癌;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">腹部触诊<span style="color: black;">可否</span>有包块,有时肝癌、胃癌、肠癌、胰腺癌等有可能表现为腹部包块。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肛门指检<span style="color: black;">认识</span>直肠肛门的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>等,对直肠癌<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,这项<span style="color: black;">检测</span>很<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>乳腺X线摄片(钼靶)、CT等</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">普通CT<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可用来筛查肺癌,但常规的普通CT<span style="color: black;">检测</span>辐射剂量偏大,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>肺癌筛查<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>采用低剂量螺旋CT,这已<span style="color: black;">作为</span>最有效的肺癌筛查手段。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺钼靶是一种X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,即乳腺X线摄片,它用来筛查乳腺癌。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于肝癌、乳腺癌、甲状腺癌以及皮子宫卵巢肿瘤、前列腺癌等的筛查。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、<span style="color: black;">各样</span>内窥镜</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">包含</span>管胃镜、结肠癌、鼻咽镜、喉镜、支气管镜等。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">食管胃镜<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于食管癌、胃癌的筛查。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结肠镜<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于结直肠癌的筛查。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">鼻咽镜<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于鼻咽癌。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、宫颈刮片</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用于宫颈癌的筛查。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6、某些致癌<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的病原体(病毒、细菌)的检测</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>人乳头状瘤HPV的检测可<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>宫颈癌的筛查;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乙肝病毒HBV检测,有助于对乙肝及早<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>,有助于肝癌的防治;HBV对鼻咽癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能有<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">幽门螺杆菌的检测及必要的治疗,有助于胃癌的防治。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7、其他</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>磁共振,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>价格贵,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不<span style="color: black;">做为</span>常规,仅在<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>问题时<span style="color: black;">做为</span>进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>的手段,<span style="color: black;">或</span>用于某些乳腺癌高危人群的筛查。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,抽血查肿瘤标志物<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的价值,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是甲胎蛋白(AFP)用于肝癌筛查,前列腺癌特异性抗原(PSA)用于前列腺癌筛查是<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>参考价值的,<span style="color: black;">重要</span>是要<span style="color: black;">恰当</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>并由专科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>进行科学<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了筛查,这些防癌细节<span style="color: black;">不可</span>少!</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">潘战和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>与不良生活方式有或多或少的、直接或间接的关系,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>吸烟、酗酒、缺乏运动和久坐、不良<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>习惯、熬夜、焦虑等。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能改变不良生活方式,养成良好健康的生活方式,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度降低癌症的发病<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. <span style="color: black;">必要</span>彻底戒烟。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这真是老生常谈。吸烟是对健康<span style="color: black;">害处</span>最大的不良生活方式,<span style="color: black;">必要</span>坚决戒除。不吸烟的人要劝阻<span style="color: black;">周边</span>吸烟的人,拒绝二手烟的<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>。</p>

    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-8ee7e9b89cfca83773795984bec944fb_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">资料<span style="color: black;">照片</span>。曹子豪摄</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 不喝酒。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白酒等烈性酒要<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免饮用,能不喝<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>不喝,实在要喝,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>量,偶尔少量饮用。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. 保持正常体重,避免<span style="color: black;">过重</span>和<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">身体质量指数(BMI)的计算<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是体重<span style="color: black;">千克</span>数除以身高米数平方,即体质指数(BMI)=体重(千克)÷身高(米2),BMI在18.5-23.9属正常健康,<span style="color: black;">小于</span>18.5为低体重,24-27.9为<span style="color: black;">过重</span>,≥28为严重<span style="color: black;">过重</span>或<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>。<span style="color: black;">意见</span>将体重<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>在健康范围内的低值。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. <span style="color: black;">保持</span>运动,避免久坐。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">久坐缺乏运动,带来<span style="color: black;">过重</span><span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>问题,<span style="color: black;">增多</span>结直肠癌等多种癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>风险。<span style="color: black;">意见</span>每工作1-2小时,起来活动15分钟。<span style="color: black;">每日</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>进行30分钟运动,每周<span style="color: black;">最少</span>150分钟运动。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5. <span style="color: black;">保准</span>必要的<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>时间,作息要规律,避免熬夜。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">晚睡熬夜短期内看不出<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>,时间一久,问题就来了。<span style="color: black;">意见</span>成年人<span style="color: black;">每日</span>要<span style="color: black;">保准</span>6-8小时的<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>,<span style="color: black;">重要</span>是不要熬夜。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>不要开灯。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6. 要<span style="color: black;">平衡</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>,不偏食。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">五谷杂粮、肉类蔬菜<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>都要食用,要避免和减少吃垃圾食品,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>街头油炸类食品。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7. 多吃<span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span>蔬菜<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">品种、颜色都要多样化,<span style="color: black;">每日</span>最好五种以上不同的蔬菜<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>。蔬菜<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>吃得少,膳食纤维摄入不足,<span style="color: black;">增多</span>肠癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。多吃蔬菜少吃肉,粗茶淡饭保健康。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8. 肉类摄取要适量。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以鱼肉等白肉为主,少吃猪、牛、羊肉等红肉。避免或<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>少食用加工肉品如香肠、火腿培根、咸肉、腊肉等。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9. <span style="color: black;">膳食</span>规律。杜绝不吃早餐、暴饮暴食。<span style="color: black;">膳食</span><span style="color: black;">不外</span>量,不吃得过饱。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10. 不要以饮料代替喝水。不喝或少喝含糖饮料,白开水最理想。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11. 不要吃得太咸。限制<span style="color: black;">每日</span>盐的摄入量,不吃或少吃腌制食品。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12. 避免<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>、饮水过热过烫。过热的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>或饮料或茶水,不要急着喝。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13. <span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>分餐。不要共用碗筷、毛巾等餐饮和生活用品,以减少或避免幽门螺杆菌等的感染。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14. 避免过劳。<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">休憩</span>,劳逸结合。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15. <span style="color: black;">按时</span>排便。养成<span style="color: black;">按时</span>大便的习惯,不要憋小便。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">16. 避免多个性伴侣。尽可能<span style="color: black;">运用</span>安全套,以避免人乳头状病毒的传播。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">17. 减少或避免职业性致癌环境的暴露。采取必要的职业暴露<span style="color: black;">守护</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">18. 避免日光照射过度。晒太阳要适度,过犹不及。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">19. 远离焦虑。学会减压放松,不要<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>处在焦虑和精神高压之中。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20. 接种疫苗。</p>防控乙肝、丙肝感染,接种乙肝疫苗;防控人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染,适龄人群接种HPV疫苗;<span style="color: black;">即时</span>规范处理癌前状态(癌前<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,癌前病变)等。




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