癌症“恶行”知多少？解答关于癌症平常的6个“为么”
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症，是当今世界<span style="color: black;">困难</span>，难治愈，易复发，令<span style="color: black;">病人</span>及家属饱受<span style="color: black;">熬煎</span>。一人<span style="color: black;">病患</span>癌症，<span style="color: black;">整家</span>“压力山大”，这种身心煎熬是<span style="color: black;">一般人</span>所<span style="color: black;">不可</span>承受的。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DnQ4d5VVDd5HLgOwFYIyYroTnUlY2O9L36VZnZlY8E8TUj2DE8pRlHJctf8Fgias8OOXMvibnZYfQfgF1oKFf5xA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">癌症不等于死亡。</span></strong>世界卫生组织<span style="color: black;">已然</span>将癌症定义为一种慢性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>说，癌症就像高血压、糖尿病、冠心病等慢性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">同样</span>，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>治疗。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能够做到<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、正确治疗，<span style="color: black;">有些</span>癌症是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>治愈的；即便<span style="color: black;">不可</span>治愈，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>恢复较好，健康生活几十年不足为奇，但<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>迟、治疗后恢复<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>，效果就差<span style="color: black;">有些</span>。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DnQ4d5VVDd5HLgOwFYIyYroTnUlY2O9L8r224vcZCUWibjfNU3Uwcyh8CP2IeicoUgYtBPLfg1KIWdIgOrzIZnTA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">问题1<span style="color: black;">丨</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span></span><span style="color: black;">会</span>大<span style="color: black;">流血</span>？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>癌细胞生长<span style="color: black;">快速</span>，常因供血不足而使癌症肿块局部组织<span style="color: black;">出现</span>坏死溃疡而<span style="color: black;">流血</span>；癌组织侵犯<span style="color: black;">很强</span>血管则会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>大<span style="color: black;">流血</span>；放、化疗后，骨髓造血功能受到<span style="color: black;">控制</span>，血小板生成减少，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>损害了肝脏，使得肝脏合成的凝血因子减少，更易<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>；放射治疗<span style="color: black;">损害</span>了血管壁，使血管壁纤维化、通透性<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>渗血和溢血。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DnQ4d5VVDd5HLgOwFYIyYroTnUlY2O9L4VEVnaQrRjHfK7fHZjH8e7icEq3yoriaHKTGtprQFhr1ibyELKmfzmQiag/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的血液<span style="color: black;">处在</span>高凝状态，会消耗<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的血小板和凝血因子，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>或加剧<span style="color: black;">流血</span>倾向。大<span style="color: black;">流血</span>常表现为呕血、便血、咯血、鼻<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，一次<span style="color: black;">海量</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>死亡。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">问题2<span style="color: black;">丨</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span></span><span style="color: black;">会</span>发热？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">发热是中、晚期恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">癌性发热<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span></span></strong>，如因癌灶生长过速、新陈代谢产物在<span style="color: black;">身体</span>淤积；供血不足<span style="color: black;">导致</span>组织坏死、液化和溃烂；白细胞向肿瘤组织浸润释放致热原；癌灶及其<span style="color: black;">周边</span>合并细菌感染；某些抗癌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的应用等，皆可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>毒素、分解产物和致热物质刺激体温调节中枢，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>发热。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>过度消耗<span style="color: black;">导致</span>体温调节中枢失衡，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>发热。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>发热的病种有：</span></strong><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>系统的中心型肺癌，造血系统的急性白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤，泌尿系统的膀胱癌、肾癌，消化系统的肝癌、直肠癌等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">问题3<span style="color: black;">丨</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span></span><span style="color: black;">会</span>致剧烈<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>剧烈<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>有：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1. 癌症直接<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></span></strong>，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>由癌组织压迫器官、溃烂、感染或侵蚀神经而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DnQ4d5VVDd5HLgOwFYIyYroTnUlY2O9LD9UL8VIHphoZAibibprOialU6E8ib7rTOMHic9P0W9fDRB1p6GT4mSLF5Eg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2. 癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></span></strong>
</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">，如放射性神经炎、口腔炎、皮肤炎，放射性骨坏死，放疗、化疗后<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的带状疱疹<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>渗漏<span style="color: black;">流血</span>管外<span style="color: black;">导致</span>组织坏死，化疗<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的栓塞性静脉炎、中毒性<span style="color: black;">周边</span>神经炎（长春碱）等；还有乳腺癌根治术中<span style="color: black;">损害</span>腋窝<span style="color: black;">周边</span>淋巴系统<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的手臂肿胀<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，手术后切口瘢痕、神经<span style="color: black;">损害</span>、幻肢痛等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3. 癌症间接<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></span></strong>，如衰竭<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的压疮、机体免疫力低下<span style="color: black;">导致</span>局部感染产生的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，还有癌症骨转移而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>剧烈的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。临床上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">少许</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>与肿瘤<span style="color: black;">没</span>关的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">问题4<span style="color: black;">丨</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span></span><span style="color: black;">会</span>使人“骨瘦如柴”？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">说起癌症晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，人们最能想象到的是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>枯槁的面容、消瘦的身形，部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>越来越消瘦而<span style="color: black;">看病</span>才<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>消瘦的<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>有以下几点：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1. 消化系统癌症</span></strong> 如胃癌、食管癌，<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">摄食</span>困难、消化和吸收功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>消化道梗阻，影响营养物质的摄取。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2. 癌组织坏死</span></strong> 产生毒素，<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>厌食和发热，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>营养物质的摄取减少和身体的消耗<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3. 慢性<span style="color: black;">流血</span></span></strong>癌组织坏死若破坏血管，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>不同程度的出血，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>慢性<span style="color: black;">流血</span>和贫血。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4. 代谢旺盛</span></strong> 癌组织<span style="color: black;">持续</span>生长，摄取<span style="color: black;">海量</span>人体营养物质，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>与正常组织争夺营养<span style="color: black;">成份</span>，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>机体<span style="color: black;">处在</span>严重消耗状态而消瘦。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">问题5<span style="color: black;">丨</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span></span><span style="color: black;">会</span>转移？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">恶性肿瘤细胞从原发部位侵入淋巴管、血管或从其他途径被带到别处继续生长，形成与原发部位相同类型的肿瘤，医学上<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>之为“肿瘤转移”。一旦癌细胞发生转移和扩散，就会形成硝烟四起、防<span style="color: black;">不堪</span>防的被动局面。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌细胞繁殖速度快，数量急剧地<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，原有的空间容纳不下<span style="color: black;">那样</span>多细胞，肿瘤边缘的细胞就被“挤”进<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的组织，直至完全<span style="color: black;">霸占</span>；肿瘤组织内部的血管、淋巴管<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可受到波及，并且一旦肿瘤细胞进入淋巴结或血管，就很容易沿着这些途径跑到其他<span style="color: black;">地区</span>去。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DnQ4d5VVDd5HLgOwFYIyYroTnUlY2O9L6AibIvWGDyKlRibN38LYl3205mjibEN9rlTsaQgGdY381xD1EoVgIFChw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在转移过程中，肿瘤细胞会<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>基因突变，<span style="color: black;">持续</span>加强<span style="color: black;">自己</span>迁徙和运动的能力，并<span style="color: black;">持续</span>适应<span style="color: black;">各样</span>不同的<span style="color: black;">身体</span>环境，<span style="color: black;">从而</span>产生了远距离的转移，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>全身转移。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">问题6<span style="color: black;">丨</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span></span>有的肿瘤手术后还要进行放疗、化疗？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>的肿瘤经手术切除<span style="color: black;">能够</span>彻底治愈，术后不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>放疗、化疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大部分中晚期肿瘤，则存在手术<span style="color: black;">没</span>法彻底根除或有转移的可能性，虽然<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>都没有<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌细胞，但<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上癌细胞可能<span style="color: black;">已然</span>转移，只是还<span style="color: black;">无</span>发展到<span style="color: black;">能够</span>由<span style="color: black;">日前</span>临床<span style="color: black;">检测</span>手段<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的程度；此时，术后<span style="color: black;">必须</span>辅助化疗、放疗来降低癌症的复发转移。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>术后<span style="color: black;">可否</span>进行放疗、化疗，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会遵循业内公认的治疗指南再结合<span style="color: black;">病人</span>个体<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，决定给<span style="color: black;">病人</span>做什么样的治疗，以<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>最好的治疗效果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">内容<span style="color: black;">源自</span>：<span style="color: black;">人民卫生出版社出版《癌症 防线》</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">点击卡片加关注</strong></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/DnQ4d5VVDd5HLgOwFYIyYroTnUlY2O9L4QjIOVWHcr9FDjtesmnF1Hq4jLXduAz3U8KGmibwG0ibHChee0cXnVhA/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">为<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>点亮星标</strong></p>
论坛的成果是显著的，但我们不能因为成绩而沾沾自喜。
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