wrjc1hod 发表于 2024-6-12 12:56:10

癌症的平常晚期症状有哪些?能初期识别吗?


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不想<span style="color: black;">错失</span>界哥的推送?</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">戳上方蓝字“<strong style="color: blue;">医学界肿瘤频道</strong>”关注<span style="color: black;">咱们</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">并点击右上角“<strong style="color: blue;">···</strong>”菜单,<span style="color: black;">选取</span>“</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">设为星标</strong></span><span style="color: black;">”</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/EjZcMyGNiaty3uYib7PgP70oOwJDyQRk03aHTZnaeR9b0eoK9JGEgHWk3jlzrB6mEsic2m3Sp9LxN10ibibpHbzYic6g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">英国8000例<span style="color: black;">平常</span>实体瘤晚期症状回顾,除外颈部<span style="color: black;">反常</span>肿块,其他晚期症状都特异性比较低……</span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>,日益<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>战略的一部分。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌种<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率都90%以上。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>论<span style="color: black;">平常</span>听说还是<span style="color: black;">各样</span>医学科普,都经常会有一句:某某癌症,<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>特异性症状,一确诊<span style="color: black;">便是</span>中晚期……</span><span style="color: black;">面对晚期癌症,<span style="color: black;">各样</span>治疗策略在改善<span style="color: black;">存活</span>预后方面效果相当有限。日前,《<span style="color: black;">柳叶刀</span>》<span style="color: black;">发帖</span>揭示<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的20种癌症症状和12个癌种诊断分期之间的关系。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/EjZcMyGNiatydqUEvAol3eb4icDX7BrSr5cyyHozofLrntSR3uI0sTsJMNcPY7jlxrWe1QzxWhcpP8kk9Nk1fFKw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌症晚期症状有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>?有特异性吗?</span></p><span style="color: black;">在这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者分析了2014年英国国家癌症诊断审查数据库中年龄25岁及以上患12种实体瘤(膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、子宫内膜癌、喉癌、肺癌、黑色素瘤、口腔或口咽癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、直肠癌、肾癌)的人群特征。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者分析了20种<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的临床症状,并<span style="color: black;">运用</span>logistic回归分析了分期(TNM IV期与I-III期)与症状的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>每一种症状单独报告和与其他症状<span style="color: black;">一块</span>报告时<span style="color: black;">评定</span>这之间的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性。</span><span style="color: black;">该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>从12927例癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,排除1291例诊断为白血病、淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤或脑癌的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,2717例<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>分期不<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,896例<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>分期信息缺失的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,26例年龄<span style="color: black;">少于</span>24岁的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>分析纳入7997例。</span><span style="color: black;">表1 依据IV期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的总体比例排序症状</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/EjZcMyGNiatydqUEvAol3eb4icDX7BrSr5cMdu39odkXk2iaJiaKSrgHQWGc3AKLIWcgqK75OKicpWD9HbNSpr7a08A/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;">在筛选出的12种实体肿瘤 IV期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的 IV期临床症状是<strong style="color: blue;">乳房肿块</strong>(n=1260),最不<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的临床症状是<strong style="color: blue;">颈部肿块</strong>(n=105)。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><strong style="color: blue;">80%</strong><span style="color: black;">病人</span>以颈部肿块为单独<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">伴同</span>症状<span style="color: black;">显现</span>时,诊断即是 IV期。</span><span style="color: black;">其中,单独报告即为 IV期的症状超过50%的有:咯血(56%)、胸部感染(54%)、背痛(58%)、胸痛(60%)。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">伴同</span>症状出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>IV期的超过50%的有:嘶哑(54%)、疲劳(50%)、体重减轻(51%)、咳嗽(57%)、咯血(53%)、胸部感染(56%)、背痛(62%)、胸痛(62%)。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/EjZcMyGNiatydqUEvAol3eb4icDX7BrSr5Bet0n3QAu1ia42SCDicGkB2C70wfkWuewzJ5JXTPr5QJ9j1hEXQg8zmA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;">图1 I-III期和IV期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的症状和比例</span><span style="color: black;">注:<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>症状的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个条<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>单独记录的症状(单个症状),每对的第二栏<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>与其他症状(多种症状)<span style="color: black;">一块</span>记录的症状。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大概</span>三分之一的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(34%,2685/7997)诊断为 IV期时,有两种及以上症状<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>。大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>(&gt;80%)在确诊时表现为<span style="color: black;">关联</span>部位的症状,例如乳房肿块(乳腺癌)、<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的痣(黑色素瘤)、绝经后<span style="color: black;">流血</span>(子宫内膜癌)、下尿路症状(前列腺癌)、咯血、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、胸部感染、胸部疼痛、咳嗽(肺癌)。</span><span style="color: black;">相比之下,<span style="color: black;">有些</span>不太<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>特异的症状,例如腹痛、肠胃习惯改变、背痛、疲劳、体重减轻的癌症发病部位各异。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/EjZcMyGNiatydqUEvAol3eb4icDX7BrSr55Q219TrDCLjPia35azbOMzxOy1TVjW3hbNPFQUmjJwyLE7Xcg6Ajq1g/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;">图2&nbsp;IV期癌症<span style="color: black;">显现</span>单独症状时的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>比</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">统计校准后,</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">颈部肿块、胸痛和背痛三种症状与诊断IV期癌症的几率<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>,而<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的痣、乳房肿块、绝经期<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>、直肠<span style="color: black;">流血</span>与诊断为IV期癌症的概率相对较低。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">这个结论似乎与<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>平时的认知有很大距离。</span><span style="color: black;">究其<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,可能<span style="color: black;">由于</span>在英国,<strong style="color: blue;">宫颈癌、乳腺癌、肠癌</strong>是国家筛查项目,与这三种癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的症状如:绝经期<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>、乳房肿块、直肠<span style="color: black;">流血</span>,绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>在<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查中得到确诊,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>诊断为IV期肿瘤症状的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性较小。但英国仍然有90%以上的癌症是经非筛查手段确诊的,找到更有效的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>各国都在积极<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>的工作。</span><span style="color: black;">美国癌症协会(ACS)<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">颁布</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>癌症检测指南,癌症筛查率的数据和趋势,以及<span style="color: black;">选取</span>与癌症筛查<span style="color: black;">相关</span>的问题。2019年ACS癌症筛查指南的更新中,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>对<strong style="color: blue;">乳腺癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、肺癌和前列腺癌</strong>进行规范筛查。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">预防癌症,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做的呢?</span></p><span style="color: black;">我国卫健委<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在今年推出健康中国行动——癌症防治实施<span style="color: black;">方法</span>(2019—2022年),制订重点癌症早诊早治指南。对发病率高、筛查手段和技术<span style="color: black;">方法</span>比较成熟的胃癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌、肺癌等重点癌症,组织制订统一规范的筛查和早诊早治技术指南,在全国推广应用。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">▍</span></strong></span></strong></span></strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">改变不健康生活方式<span style="color: black;">能够</span>预防癌症:</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">1、吸烟、<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>、缺少运动、不<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>膳食习惯、酗酒、压力、心理紧张等都是癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,应该<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免。</span><span style="color: black;">2、戒烟限酒、平衡膳食、适量运动、心情舒畅<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效降低癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">3、癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>是人全生命周期<span style="color: black;">关联</span>危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>累积的过程。癌症防控不只是中老年人的事情,要尽早关注癌症预防,从小养成健康的生活方式,避免接触烟草、酒精等致癌<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,降低癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">▍</span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">癌症不会传染,但<span style="color: black;">有些</span>致癌<span style="color: black;">原因</span>是会传染的:</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">1、减少与癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的细菌(如幽门螺杆菌)、病毒(如人乳头状病毒、肝炎病毒、EB病毒等)接触。</span><span style="color: black;">2、<span style="color: black;">经过</span>保持个人卫生和健康生活方式、接种疫苗(如肝炎病毒疫苗、人乳头状病毒疫苗)<span style="color: black;">能够</span>避免感染<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的细菌和病毒,从而预防癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">▍</span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">规范的防癌体检能够<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症:</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">1、<span style="color: black;">运用</span>胸部低剂量螺旋CT<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>肺癌;</span><span style="color: black;">2、超声结合钼靶<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>乳腺癌;</span><span style="color: black;">3、胃肠镜<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>消化道癌等。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">▍</span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">关注身体<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的癌症危险信号:</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">1、身体浅表部位<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>肿块;</span><span style="color: black;">2、体表黑痣和疣等在短期内色泽加深或<span style="color: black;">快速</span>增大;</span><span style="color: black;">3、身体<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>感觉:哽咽感、<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>等;</span><span style="color: black;">4、皮肤或粘膜经久不愈的溃疡;</span><span style="color: black;">5、<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性消化不良和食欲<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>;</span><span style="color: black;">6、大便习惯及性状改变或带血;</span><span style="color: black;">7、持久性声音嘶哑,干咳,痰中带血;</span><span style="color: black;">8、听力<span style="color: black;">反常</span>,鼻血,头痛;</span><span style="color: black;">9、阴道<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是接触性<span style="color: black;">流血</span>;</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">十、</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性血尿,排尿不畅;</span><span style="color: black;">11、不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的发热、乏力、进行性体重减轻;</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">显现</span>以上症状应<span style="color: black;">即时</span>到医院进行诊治。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">参考文献</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;Koo M M , Von Wagner C , Abel G A , et al. Typical and atypical presenting symptoms of breast cancer and their associations with diagnostic intervals: Evidence from a national audit of cancer diagnosis. Cancer Epidemiology, 2017, 48:140-146.</span></p><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;Robert A. Smith, Kimberly S. Andrews, Durado Brooks,等. Cancer screening in the United States, 2019: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2019, 69(1).</span><span style="color: black;">http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s5878/201909/2cb5dfb5d4f84f8881897e232b376b60.shtml</span><span style="color: black;">http://www.nhc.gov.cn/guihuaxxs/s3585u/201907/e9275fb95d5b4295be8308415d4cd1b2.shtml</span><span style="color: black;">http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s5878/201903/81140f820513439f8a8a57f49f8ae8b7.shtml</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本文首发:医学界肿瘤频道</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本文作者:江喃</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">......</span>Sharon</span></p>
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admin 发表于 2024-8-5 14:24:25

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admin 发表于 2024-8-11 19:26:44

癌症晚期的表现通常更为明显且严重,常常涉及身体多个系统。以下是一些常见的晚期癌症表现:

显著的体重减轻:癌症晚期通常伴随显著的体重下降,甚至虚弱无力。

持续的疲劳和虚弱:感到极度疲惫、无力,日常活动变得困难。

剧烈的疼痛:疼痛可能变得更加明显,并且通常需要使用强效的止痛药来控制。

严重的食欲丧失:食欲严重下降,可能导致严重的营养不良和体重减轻。

呼吸困难:可能出现呼吸急促、喘息或胸部压迫感,尤其是在肺部或胸腔受累时。

恶心和呕吐:恶心、呕吐或持续的消化问题可能因癌症本身或治疗引起。

体力和精神的急剧衰退:患者可能变得更加困倦、意识模糊,精神状态也可能受到影响。

不规则的出血:如阴道出血、消化道出血、血尿等,取决于癌症的类型和受累部位。

肿块的增大:肿块可能变得更加明显或扩展到身体其他部位。

尿液或大便的异常:尿液颜色变化、尿频、便血或大便颜色异常等。

淋巴结肿大:体内淋巴结(如颈部、腋窝、腹股沟等)可能显著肿大。

黄疸:如果癌症影响到肝脏,可能导致皮肤和眼白发黄(黄疸)。

癌症晚期的症状不仅与癌症的类型和位置有关,还可能受到癌症是否转移的影响。如果有这些症状,建议及时联系医生或肿瘤科专家,以获得适当的支持和护理。晚期癌症的管理通常包括疼痛缓解、症状控制和安宁疗护,以提高患者的生活质量。

7wu1wm0 发表于 2024-10-27 11:05:42

感谢你的精彩评论,为我的思绪打开了新的窗口。
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