肺癌再成最高发恶性肿瘤,专家:初期筛查后干涉可“治愈”
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2024年2月1日,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>WHO下属IARC<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的最新数据,估计2022年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>肺癌新发例数高达248万,超过乳腺癌的230万,重新<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>高发的恶性肿瘤。与此<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,我国最新<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,我国新发肺癌约82万例,死亡71万例,新发及死亡人数均居恶性肿瘤之首。<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>综合防控、癌症筛查和癌症早筛和早诊早治能力的<span style="color: black;">提高</span>以及规范<span style="color: black;">提高</span>诊疗水平来遏制肺癌的发病率和死亡率?<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>备受关注的公共卫生问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“肺癌并不是绝症,只要能够<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">即时</span>科学治疗,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率和生活质量将大大<span style="color: black;">提高</span>。”</strong><span style="color: black;">近期</span>,国家<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>医学中心<span style="color: black;">专家</span>、广州<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>健康<span style="color: black;">科研</span>院院长何建行,广州医科大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>医院胸部肿瘤综合病区<span style="color: black;">专家</span>梁文华在“同心共筑肺健康-2024关注肺健康·早筛公益跑”活动中接受记者采访时,再次强调了肺癌早筛早诊早治的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性,并呼吁公众<span style="color: black;">加强</span>对肺癌早筛的认识和参与度。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240318/87a5faf18371478baaa32eb66541ba73.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">75%的肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>时<span style="color: black;">已经是</span>晚期</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">错失</span>了最佳根治性手术治疗<span style="color: black;">机会</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中华医学会<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>病学分会肺癌学组制定的《<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肺癌诊断中国专家共识(2023年版)》<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,在世界范围内,肺癌是发病率与病死率最高的恶性肿瘤。我国<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">类似</span>,最新癌症数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,2020年我国新发肺癌约82万例,死亡71万例,新发及死亡人数均居恶性肿瘤之首。吸烟、生物燃料<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>、人口老龄化加剧等严峻形势,我国肺癌发病率和病死率呈<span style="color: black;">提升</span>趋势。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在美国过去的二十年中,男性肺癌死亡率降低了58%,女性肺癌死亡率降低了36%。这种<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的下降直接推动了癌症整体死亡率的降低。相比于美国患癌人群总死亡率<span style="color: black;">起始</span>下降,而中国的癌症发病率和死亡率仍<span style="color: black;">处在</span><span style="color: black;">提升</span>态势,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>国家癌症中心<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的2022年中国癌症<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>报告最新数据测算,肺癌发病人数约占我国肿瘤发病总人数的21.9%,肺癌死亡人数约占我国肿瘤死亡总人数的28.4%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240318/c0828f0f27014d27af741c991f927676.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在梁文华看来,这其中一个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>。“<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,我国大部分肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>确诊时<span style="color: black;">已经是</span>晚期,这说明我国早筛早诊率仍<span style="color: black;">处在</span>较低水平。”虽然近年来肺癌治疗取得了<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,我国肺癌的5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率从16.1%<span style="color: black;">加强</span>到19.7%,但仍有约75%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在确诊时<span style="color: black;">处在</span>肺癌晚期,<span style="color: black;">错失</span>了最佳根治性手术治疗<span style="color: black;">机会</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断可<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>预后<span style="color: black;">存活</span>,从肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>术后5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看出,Ⅰ期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>术后5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率在77%~92%,而ⅢA~ⅣA期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>仅为10%~36%,5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率存在<span style="color: black;">明显</span>差异。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断并完全切除的肺原位腺癌(AIS)及微浸润腺癌(MIA)术后5年<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>特异性<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率分别为100%和100%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">低剂量螺旋CT检查</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">可检出91%的1厘米<span style="color: black;">上下</span>肺肿瘤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">由此可见,早预防、早<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>、早治疗是肺癌防治的重点。预防是最经济有效的健康策略,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是我国从“以<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>为中心”转向“以健康为中心”健康理念的<span style="color: black;">表现</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>国家癌症中心<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的《中国肺癌筛查与早诊早治指南》指出,肺癌高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>吸烟和被动吸烟,慢性阻塞性肺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,一级亲属肺癌家族史以及石棉、煤烟等职业暴露<span style="color: black;">最少</span>1年,并<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>50岁以上的人群<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>以上高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span>便应该<span style="color: black;">起始</span>进行肺癌筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“早筛是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来达到早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>手段,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是我国到<span style="color: black;">日前</span>为止做得最好的一个方面。”何建行介绍,“<span style="color: black;">经过</span>低剂量螺旋CT进行肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>1厘米<span style="color: black;">上下</span>肿瘤诊断准确率<span style="color: black;">达到</span>到91%,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>1.5厘米以上肿瘤诊断准确率<span style="color: black;">达到</span>到95%,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>手术后基本上<span style="color: black;">能够</span>治愈。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">事实上,低剂量螺旋CT<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种<span style="color: black;">有效</span>、安全的筛查手段,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>被广泛应用于肺癌的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查。这种<span style="color: black;">检测</span>方式<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在较低的辐射剂量下,对肺部进行高分辨率的扫描,准确检测出肺部结节和<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肺癌,为<span style="color: black;">初期</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">供给</span>有力支持。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>政府、医院和老<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>,做肺部低剂量螺旋CT单次<span style="color: black;">花费</span>在500元<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。有些筛查做得好的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>,<span style="color: black;">花费</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>降到200元<span style="color: black;">上下</span>,价格非常亲民,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>肺癌早筛普及工作的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>物质<span style="color: black;">基本</span>。”何建行告诉记者,“我国<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>把恶性肿瘤的死亡率降低15%,其实在<span style="color: black;">有些</span>筛查示范区<span style="color: black;">已然</span>达到了这个水平,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>这种筛查示范区覆盖范围<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>扩大,让<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>老<span style="color: black;">大众</span>受益。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q0.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240318/9520b22f800b4efbb331c8126dbbc637.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了普及公众的肺癌早筛早诊早治<span style="color: black;">认识</span>外,<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>肺癌诊疗方式的认知<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">非常</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。随着我国医疗质量和诊疗能力的<span style="color: black;">提高</span>,尤其在<span style="color: black;">精细</span>靶向治疗的推进下,肺癌在治疗手段上<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">持有</span>越来越多的治疗“武器”,<span style="color: black;">起始</span>进入<span style="color: black;">精细</span>诊疗的全新<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>基因检测,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>更准确地<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的基因突变状态和遗传<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,<span style="color: black;">指点</span>个体化的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治疗效果和<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率。“新型的治疗方式大幅度<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了治愈率,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说大幅度延长了肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>时间,让晚期肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>能够得到治愈<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。”梁文华告诉记者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">运用人工智能手段开展早筛 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">避免过度诊疗</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">值得<span style="color: black;">幸运</span>的是,随着居民健康素养的<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">提高</span>以及胸肺科专家们的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>科普,再加上CT这一影像设备向基层普及。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>体检环节主动接受肺癌早筛的人群在<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">增加</span>。由此带来的另一个问题<span style="color: black;">便是</span>肺结节的检出数量<span style="color: black;">提高</span>,有资料<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,我国检出的肺结节<span style="color: black;">病人</span>数以千万计。<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>区分<span style="color: black;">通常</span>性肺结节和肺早癌?<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>不少肺结节检出者担心的问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,临床最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>更好的<span style="color: black;">工具</span>去<span style="color: black;">精细</span>判断。在广州市肺健康计划里,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就<span style="color: black;">运用</span>了人工智能技术进行初步筛查,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>人工智能判断是高危的肺结节检出者,才会重点关注及处理。”梁文华告诉南都记者,<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">哪些</span>并不高危的肺结节检出者,则<span style="color: black;">意见</span>动态随访,不做过度报告、诊疗。“运用人工智能相当于把国家医学中心这些诊断经验<span style="color: black;">能够</span>复制出来,不会受限于筛查单位的诊断水平,<span style="color: black;">提高</span>筛查的准确率。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">采写:南都记者 王道斌 实习生 沈锐冰<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</span>,查</span></a>看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></p>
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对于这个问题,我有不同的看法... 感谢楼主的分享!我学到了很多。 对于这个问题,我有不同的看法...
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