零售商是怎么样经过蓝牙信标实现精细宣传推送的?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/QDdPZhwIqpu2j67ibib8gaPLiaNKRm0QyOEzNcq1J726UzmZTkWT4tST0sqaoW97pJPGESjX8fImsB5tCyxB7cJgw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">想象一下你正在逛你最<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的杂货店。</span><span style="color: black;">当你走近乳制品货架时,手机弹出<span style="color: black;">通告</span>:</span><span style="color: black;">“你最<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的酸奶今天打九折,点击领取优惠券”。</span><span style="color: black;">于是你恍然想起,上次来<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>的时候曾犹豫过要不要买酸奶,但思考再三还是放弃了……<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,你的手机是怎么<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>这一切的呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">答案很简单,你的手机正在偷偷“<span style="color: black;">监测</span>”你。</span><span style="color: black;">杂货店<span style="color: black;">经过</span>它获取了你的位置信息,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>付费给营销人员,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>你的位置进行了<span style="color: black;">精细</span><span style="color: black;">宣传</span>投放。</span><span style="color: black;">近期,<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>披露了企业<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>蜂窝网络、环境WiFi和GPS获取用户的位置信息,但<span style="color: black;">她们</span>忽略了一项更<span style="color: black;">精细</span>和低调的技术——蓝牙信标。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">蓝牙信标是一种小型的、不显眼的电子设备,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">容易</span><span style="color: black;">隐匿</span>在门店的各个角落里。</span><span style="color: black;">你手机中的App<span style="color: black;">能够</span>与之发起对话,从而<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>你进入了这栋大楼,以及在低脂巧克力前逗留了2分钟。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>,大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>定位服务<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>蜂窝网络和GPS技术进行定位,<span style="color: black;">不外</span>这两项技术都存在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的缺陷。</span><span style="color: black;">蜂窝网络虽然覆盖范围广,但定位精度低,可能你人在麦当劳,定位却<span style="color: black;">表示</span>你在隔壁的沃尔格林。</span><span style="color: black;">相比之下,GPS定位精度更高,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>精确到半径5米的范围内,遗憾的是它<span style="color: black;">没法</span>在室内正常工作。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而蓝牙信标不仅比GPS精度更高,范围从几英寸到几十米不等,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>功耗更低,在室内<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有着优异的表现。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,这项技术在<span style="color: black;">哪些</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>精确<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>你在门店中位置的企业中大受欢迎。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,蓝牙信标系统<span style="color: black;">每日</span><span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>的人数多达数百万,而其中大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>并不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>自己正在被<span style="color: black;">监测</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">这些信标设备被广泛安装在机场、商场、<span style="color: black;">轻轨</span>、公共汽车、出租车、体育场、健身房、酒店、医院、音乐节、电影院、博物馆、<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>牌等场所。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为了<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>你的移动轨迹,触发优惠券推送或手机短信,企业需要在你的手机上安装一个<span style="color: black;">能够</span>识别门店中信标的App。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>蓝牙信标技术的零售商——<span style="color: black;">例如</span>塔吉特和沃尔玛,都会在自己的官方App中内置<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>功能。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>的是所有进店的顾客,而<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>是<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>安装了官方App的一小部分。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这一<span style="color: black;">需要</span>催生了一个由第三方定位营销<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">构成</span>的地下产业链。</span><span style="color: black;">这些第三方定位营销<span style="color: black;">机构</span>会将信标<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>代码打包到工具包中,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>给<span style="color: black;">研发</span>人员<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">许多广受欢迎的App——<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>或天气类的App,都内置了<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的工具包。</span><span style="color: black;">这些App会向定位营销<span style="color: black;">机构</span>提交用户的位置信息,作为<span style="color: black;">报答</span>,后者会支付它<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>,<span style="color: black;">或</span>为它<span style="color: black;">供给</span>用户的<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>报告。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">令人担忧的是,除了位置信息,这些<span style="color: black;">机构</span>还会<span style="color: black;">经过</span>App获取用户的其他数据。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>一家名叫Pulsate的定位技术<span style="color: black;">机构</span>就鼓励App<span style="color: black;">研发</span>者向<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>用户的邮箱和姓名。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">像Reveal Mobile<span style="color: black;">这般</span>有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>规模的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>从数百个常用App中收集位置信息。</span><span style="color: black;">和它类似的inMarket则覆盖了38%的千禧一代妈妈和大约四分之一的智能手机用户,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>月累计<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>的用户数达到了5000万人之多。</span><span style="color: black;">而行业里的其他玩家影响力<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不遑多让。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些定位技术<span style="color: black;">机构</span>还有许多令人不安的“小伎俩”。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>,inMarket<span style="color: black;">研发</span>了一项名叫“<span style="color: black;">心理</span>定位”的技术,它<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对人类<span style="color: black;">行径</span>数以百万次的观察和计算,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>预测出某个消费者何时最容易接受<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">据<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,海尔曼、喜力、Hillshire Farms等品牌都在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>类似的技术推动<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">营销</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">除了品牌门店,智慧城市的建设中<span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>用到了蓝牙信标系统。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>,定位技术<span style="color: black;">机构</span>Gimbal在“连接纽约”项目中,为纽约街边的<span style="color: black;">tel</span>亭<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了蓝牙信标技术,还<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>引起了<span style="color: black;">公众</span>对路人隐私的担忧。</span><span style="color: black;">但这并不影响蓝牙信标技术的推广,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>阿姆斯特丹(与谷歌合作)、伦敦和诺里奇在内的城市都先后<span style="color: black;">起步</span>了信标系统的建设。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而信标系统的建设中,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不乏<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>耳熟能详的巨头的身影。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>,早在2015年Facebook就<span style="color: black;">起始</span>向企业免费发送蓝牙信标数据,用于Facebook App中的定位营销。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">泄密</span>的文件<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>担心<span style="color: black;">导致</span>用户的反感和不满,<span style="color: black;">近期</span>Facebook<span style="color: black;">已然</span>从官网中删除了关于蓝牙信标的内容。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,谷歌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在2017年推出了蓝牙信标服务,与谷歌<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>服务<span style="color: black;">一块</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">其中一项功能是向企业的<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>者推动<span style="color: black;">通告</span>,<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>留下照片和评论等。</span><span style="color: black;">去年,Quartz的调查人员<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,即使你<span style="color: black;">已然</span>关闭了手机蓝牙,谷歌Android系统<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>蓝牙信标<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>到你。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">事实上,<span style="color: black;">数年</span>来苹果和谷歌<span style="color: black;">始终</span>默许内置蓝牙信标监控功能的App在自己的应用商店中上架。</span><span style="color: black;">而它们<span style="color: black;">亦</span>分别<span style="color: black;">经过</span>iOS和Android系统对用户进行了<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">需要指出的是,尽管苹果CEO蒂姆·库克<span style="color: black;">近期</span>对“数据工业综合体”指指点点,但<span style="color: black;">她们</span>却是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>家创造用于<span style="color: black;">商场</span>监控的蓝牙系统的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">蒂姆·库克信誓旦旦地宣<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,苹果和<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>靠数据监控盈利的<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>,它是靠硬件<span style="color: black;">营销</span>盈利的。</span><span style="color: black;">但他肯定<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,苹果在其官网上向<span style="color: black;">研发</span>者<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>介绍了<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>蓝牙信标技术精确定位消费者在门店中的位置。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些收集用户位置信息的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>常常为自己辩解,它们宣<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>用户<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>不<span style="color: black;">运用</span>位置服务。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>认为,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>这些基于位置信息的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>更好的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性,消费者其实是愿意接受的。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">她们</span>还经常强调,这些采集的数据是经过脱敏处理的,它们会被存储为“ID-67aGb9ac72r”<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的ID,而不是你的名字“Jane Doe”。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,移动数据的去脱敏化是非常容易的,<span style="color: black;">基本</span>起不到<span style="color: black;">守护</span>隐私的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">况且</span>,大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,“知情同意”<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span>让<span style="color: black;">状况</span>变得更好。</span><span style="color: black;">正如《纽约时报》在一项针对智能手机位置<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>的调查中所指出的那样,“这些App在获取用户许可时,给出的解释<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不完整<span style="color: black;">或</span>带有误导性”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>信标技术的“知情同意”<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,你<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要告诉用户信标的存在,以及你将在<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">地区</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>它们,但商店和其他场所并不会张贴标识或以其他方式<span style="color: black;">通知</span>用户。</span><span style="color: black;">当然,你<span style="color: black;">能够</span>下载一个Beacon Scanner<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的应用程序,当你进入商店时就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>扫描到这些信标。</span><span style="color: black;">但即使<span style="color: black;">这般</span>,你<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>到底是谁在搜集数据。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>你进入塔吉特的门店,他可能<span style="color: black;">选取</span>自己搜集你的数据,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有可能<span style="color: black;">选取</span>把信标出租给第三方<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>,而你无从知晓。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,黑客还可侵入信标,偷偷收集你的位置信息,而<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>商店<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>对信标进行了<span style="color: black;">守护</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">苹果和谷歌<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>iOS和Android跟踪你,而它们收集蓝牙信标数据的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是不透明的。</span><span style="color: black;">你很难判断到底手机里的<span style="color: black;">那些</span>App内置了信标<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>功能。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">就算你<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>了<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>在收集你的数据,你<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很难判断它们到底收集了你的<span style="color: black;">那些</span>数据。</span><span style="color: black;">可能只是简单的位置信息,你的移动轨迹和停留时间,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有可能<span style="color: black;">包括</span>你的姓名等其他信息。</span><span style="color: black;">企业<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>还能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>匹配第三方数据,破译你的<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>个人信息。</span><span style="color: black;">总而言之,这个过程是非透明的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为了暂时<span style="color: black;">守护</span>自己不受信标“攻击”,你<span style="color: black;">能够</span>删除任何可能<span style="color: black;">监测</span>你的App——<span style="color: black;">包含</span>零售商的App——并在不需要的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>关闭定位服务和蓝牙。</span><span style="color: black;">你<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>参考的指南,<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>阻止应用程序跟踪你的位置。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>Android用户,F-Droid应用商店<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>免费和开源的,不含任何跟踪插件的App。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对隐私的担忧大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>都和网络世界<span style="color: black;">关联</span>,有时<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>让人觉得这是理所当然的。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>并<span style="color: black;">无</span>任何理论<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,蓝牙信标<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">跟踪</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>零售店<span style="color: black;">或</span>其他场所的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>轨迹,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>精确到米。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(本文<span style="color: black;">源自</span>:雷锋网)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/QDdPZhwIqpuYRL8L6NRz1ds8jyO0dIOX6gYMvmD5mhC5qIptn0Ft1gXKOZtvWP1fOMyYmvsZrxJjakhH9cxB8w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/QDdPZhwIqpubBWQa5BObzM8t2O1QQ1tp8TNS4S14kGn9wZibmvy6YGxUgZKsEjHsb3wvWEYh16x8ibdx1WKZBG2Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
你的见解真是独到,让我受益匪浅。 祝福你、祝你幸福、早日实现等。
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