哪些癌症容易治好？
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">知乎在医学方面回答的专业性还是很欠缺。实在是<span style="color: black;">必须</span>科普一下。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>我把来自美国国立癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所的专业、权威数据展现给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>，这些数据是各个医学<span style="color: black;">行业</span>都<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>引用的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2004.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">all right reserved.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">转发请引用<span style="color: black;">源自</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>是一个各类癌症5年总体粗<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率的比较图。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以下的癌症<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>恶性肿瘤 (Cancer)，个别肿瘤虽然叫tumor但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是恶性的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是解释哪类癌症<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率高，“容易治好”，治疗后存活时间长的最直观的图了。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://picx.zhimg.com/80/1f339b77d1220166d97d3e37a1be155c_720w.webp?source=1def8aca" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>解释几个专业术语<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5-year survival：5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率 即<span style="color: black;">病人</span>活过5年的比率，比率越高肿瘤预后越好。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上图一目了然，适合科普用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">预后最好的是Prostate cancer ，前列腺癌，5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率能达到95%以上。即100个人中活过5年的有95个以上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其次是甲状腺癌，睾丸癌，黑色素瘤，女性的乳腺癌，<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">霍奇金淋巴瘤</a></span>，子宫体癌，膀胱癌，<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">卡珀斯肉瘤</a></span>...</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中间的子宫颈癌、肾癌、<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">非霍奇金淋巴瘤</a></span>、直肠癌、结肠癌、口腔喉部癌、喉癌、白血病、卵巢癌、骨髓瘤、<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">脑胶质瘤</a></span>和中枢系统肿瘤...</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">倒数几个预后差的是胃癌，食管癌，肺癌支气管癌，肝癌和肝内<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">胆管癌</a></span>，<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">间皮瘤</a></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">预后最差的是Pancreatic Cancer，<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">胰腺癌</a></span>，5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率仅为4%-5%。即活过5年的100个人中不超过5个。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上是美利坚的数据，真实<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>，基于强大的医疗背景，在国内5-year survival可能偏低。<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>吧，肿瘤<span style="color: black;">亦</span>分<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">三六九等</a></span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不幸患了癌症，那就祈祷不要得胰腺癌，真心的。<span style="color: black;">自己</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>搞胰腺肿瘤这方面的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">再附一个专业的数据图，数据狂人<span style="color: black;">能够</span>钻研下：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">各样</span>肿瘤的名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>太多，<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>查一下</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">几个专业名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Incidence:发病率，发病率越高，肿瘤越好发。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Mortality:死亡率，死亡率越高，肿瘤越恶性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5-year Survival:五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率，五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率越高，肿瘤预后越好。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/9913d3b2bfad5953d19d18789eeb01cf_720w.webp?source=1def8aca" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://picx.zhimg.com/80/30d7305cc92e82a21e9b97fd2bd9ae9c_720w.webp?source=1def8aca" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个是<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">儿科恶性肿瘤</a></span>的预后</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">青少年和成人的癌症<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>谱是不同的，预后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是不同的。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从左至右：<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">淋巴细胞白血病</a></span>，其它类型白血病，淋巴瘤，<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">脑/中枢神</a>经系统肿瘤</span>，其它肿瘤。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://picx.zhimg.com/80/16542d78e97ebff8abc09b7e853cfe96_720w.webp?source=1def8aca" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个是分析性别和种族两个<span style="color: black;">原因</span>对恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率Incidence、死亡率Mortality和<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率Survival的影响</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/e6cb2e466e59bc4ce6f42262e1032d0b_720w.webp?source=1def8aca" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些数据对<span style="color: black;">通常</span>读者<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>就足够了，让<span style="color: black;">大众</span>对恶性肿瘤有一个整体的认识。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>想<span style="color: black;">得到</span>对<span style="color: black;">详细</span>恶性肿瘤的专业知识和治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>，请咨询专科医师。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然临床分期、<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">病理分级</a></span>、以及临床病理学特征、基因组学、<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">转录组学</a></span>和蛋白组学<span style="color: black;">针对</span>个体化评判肿瘤预后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>最后永远要记住一句话：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“Tumor biology is king,</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Patient selection is queen, </p>and Technical maneuvers are the prince and princess.”
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是对恶性肿瘤的科普贴，不是SCI论文，请不要太钻牛角尖。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上。</p>
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