tw4ld6 发表于 2024-5-20 13:12:02

【严选好医生】北京大学肿瘤医院赵军教授讲解:哪些肺癌病人可受益于免疫治疗?


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">铭医严选团队编辑</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌是我国发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,且<span style="color: black;">因为</span>肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>,<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>确诊时<span style="color: black;">已然</span>是中晚期,<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗是<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">选取</span>之一。随着国内医疗技术的<span style="color: black;">持续</span>进步,免疫治疗以疗效<span style="color: black;">明显</span>、<span style="color: black;">病人</span>痛苦小等<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">优良</span>,<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>肺癌治疗的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>,越来越多肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>从中受益。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>,免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">到底</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">优良</span>,又有哪些<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>因其受益呢?关于这些疑问,北京大学肿瘤医院的肺癌诊治专家赵军教授此前做出了一一解答!</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/cZbY6ibbMguptLLcnkicCY2osKAWHSJR9Y1wGibGPhG2oIVgaic5IUb0fiaSrJeqN8IicBibvgXzTdA6lNlSjG0WyT8cg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">赵军</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">北京大学肿瘤医院胸部肿瘤内一科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">北京大学肿瘤医院内科教研室常务副<span style="color: black;">专家</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">善于</span>肺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断以及规范化、个体化多学科综合治疗及气管镜、TBNA、内科胸腔镜等局部治疗及操作,<span style="color: black;">熟悉</span><span style="color: black;">把握</span>肺癌新的国际诊疗规范。2008年赵军<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>北京肿瘤医院北京市肿瘤防治<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所所内基金,先后<span style="color: black;">得到</span>教育部科技成果二等奖、华夏科技成果二等奖及北京市科技进步三等奖、中华医学奖三等奖等奖励。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>免疫治疗获益?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">01</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span>非小细胞肺癌</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">预防肿瘤复发,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治愈率是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>非小细胞肺癌治疗的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>,新辅助治疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>缩小肿瘤体积来<span style="color: black;">加强</span>根治性切除的机会,并消除微转移病灶,降低肿瘤复发的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。多项临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">新辅助免疫疗法在<span style="color: black;">初期</span>非小细胞肺癌的综合治疗中发挥出<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>不良反应可控,对手术延迟的影响较小</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">nivolumab(纳武利尤单抗):</strong>最早开展的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>非小细胞肺癌新辅助免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">科研</span>CHECKMATE-159,针对Ⅰ~ⅢA期可切除NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,术前采用纳武利尤单抗治疗。结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,在所有<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中<strong style="color: blue;">95%进行了根治性切除</strong>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span><strong style="color: blue;">MPR(活性肿瘤细胞≤10%)为45%,18个月<span style="color: black;">没</span>复发<span style="color: black;">存活</span>(RFS)率为73%</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Sintilimab (信迪利单抗):</strong>在中国开展的开放性、单中心、ⅠB期<span style="color: black;">科研</span>ChiCTR-OIC-17013726,<span style="color: black;">评定</span>了新辅助免疫治疗ⅠA~ⅢB期可切除非小细胞肺癌的效果,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中<strong style="color: blue;">所有入组的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都采用了手术切除,术后病理<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,MPR率为45.5%</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">atezolizumab(阿特珠单抗):</strong>应用阿特珠单抗新辅助治疗ⅠB~ⅢB(T3N2)可切除非小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>Ⅱ期<span style="color: black;">科研</span>LCMC3<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">89%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行了手术切除,MPR率为19%,<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>稳定(SD)率为89%</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,免疫联合化疗、双免疫疗法<span style="color: black;">做为</span>新辅助疗法治疗可切除的非小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>取得了良好的效果。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">针对<span style="color: black;">能够</span>切除的非小细胞肺癌,采用新辅助免疫治疗或许<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>更有效的预后</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">02</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">晚期非小细胞肺癌</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">现有的临床数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">在晚期非小细胞肺癌的治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>显现出良好的效果</strong>。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>常用于肺癌的四大PD-1/L1疗法:<strong style="color: blue;">Pembrolizumab(帕博丽珠单抗,K药),nivolumab(纳武利尤单抗),atezolizumab(阿特珠单抗),durvalumab(得瓦鲁单抗)</strong>均有效延长了晚期非小细胞肺癌的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中Pembrolizumab(帕博丽珠单抗,K药)由于<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的治疗效果,<strong style="color: blue;">已被NCCN指南<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>为非小细胞肺癌的一线疗法</strong>:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">K药联合PC<span style="color: black;">方法</span>(培美曲塞+卡铂)化疗一线治疗非小细胞肺癌可<span style="color: black;">不消</span>检测PD-L1表达<span style="color: black;">(K药联合PC<span style="color: black;">方法</span>治疗非小细胞的<strong style="color: blue;">缓解</strong><strong style="color: blue;">率为48%</strong>,单独化疗仅为19%)</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">K药联合卡铂和紫杉醇,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一线疗法治疗转移性鳞状非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC),<span style="color: black;">况且</span>不需<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>肿瘤的PD-L1表达水平<span style="color: black;">(K药联合卡铂和紫杉醇组的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期为6.4个月</strong>,而单独化疗组仅为4.8个月,K药联合卡铂和紫杉醇组<strong style="color: blue;">将<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>或死亡的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>降低44%</strong>)</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,Imfinzi(度伐利尤单抗)在同步放化疗后未<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>的不可切除、III期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)治疗中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>显现出<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的效果,<strong style="color: blue;">延长了中位<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期超过11个月,3年总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率(OS)<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>高达57%</strong>,已<strong style="color: blue;">被多项权威诊疗指南(NCCN、ESMO、CSCO指南)列为1A类证据<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span><span style="color: black;">举荐</span></strong>;该<span style="color: black;">药品</span>已于2019年12月在国内<span style="color: black;">获准</span>上市。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">03</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">小细胞肺癌</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">小细胞肺癌是肺癌中侵袭性较强的分型,有着<strong style="color: blue;">恶性程度高,细胞增殖快,病情<span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">快速</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>预后差等</strong>特点。现有的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>数据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,针对这种恶性程度较高的肺癌,免疫治疗仍然有<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的效果。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020年4月,atezolizumab(阿特珠单抗)联合化疗被<span style="color: black;">准许</span>上市,用于一线治疗广泛期小细胞肺癌,<span style="color: black;">作为</span><strong style="color: blue;">中国<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个<span style="color: black;">获准</span>用于广泛期小细胞肺癌的免疫疗法</strong>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是超过30年来<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个被证明给小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来<span style="color: black;">显著</span>获益的创新药<span style="color: black;">(联合治疗组<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期5.2个月,仅化疗组4.3个月)</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2021年7月14日,Imfinzi(度伐利尤单抗)正式<span style="color: black;">得到</span>中国药监局(NMPA)<span style="color: black;">准许</span>上市,联合依托泊苷及铂类化疗(卡铂或顺铂),<span style="color: black;">做为</span>小细胞肺癌一线新疗法<span style="color: black;">(中位总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期为13.0个月,仅接受化疗为10.3个月)</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">免疫治疗不适合<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种全身治疗,治疗过程产生的问题<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>多变,尤其是<span style="color: black;">针对</span><strong style="color: blue;">肺纤维化、心功能<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>、<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫系统存在缺陷的<span style="color: black;">病人</span></strong>,可能会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>严重的毒性。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">身患</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫病、脏器功能有<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>的病人不适合接受免疫治疗,这类人一旦接受免疫治疗,可能会产生严重不良反应<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>生命危险。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">内分泌功能<span style="color: black;">错乱</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在接受免疫治疗时,有可能会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>甲状腺功能低下或亢进,这类<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>专业的筛查才可进行免疫治疗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,赵军<span style="color: black;">专家</span>指出,虽然免疫治疗肺癌的效果较好,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">最后</span>能否采用免疫治疗,还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进行<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果和病情来综合判断</strong>。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,免疫治疗的副反应<span style="color: black;">一般</span>合并<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的症状,副反应的处理以及能否继续进行免疫治疗等,这些都<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>学科的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和肿瘤科专家<span style="color: black;">一起</span>参与诊疗后,<span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>进一步的<span style="color: black;">精细</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span></strong>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">选取</span>权威的专家诊治很<span style="color: black;">重要</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">铭医严选秉承为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>好医疗服务的宗旨,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病情,进行专业的分诊,<span style="color: black;">指点</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>完善符合<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,梳理病情和问题,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>咨询<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的效率,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>就诊过程所需的一站式医疗服务和复诊复查管理,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>省心、省时的好医疗服务。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>有意线下<span style="color: black;">看病</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,可<span style="color: black;">供给</span>病历整理和远程在线咨询会诊服务,让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在<span style="color: black;">看病</span>前全面<span style="color: black;">认识</span>诊疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。如有<span style="color: black;">必须</span>请拨打<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">4006-511-500</strong></span>或是<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">扫描下方二维码添加<span style="color: black;">博主</span><span style="color: black;">微X</span></strong></span>,在线咨询。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/cZbY6ibbMgurC7uX3JzLULEnndwn44UxBlNhk6w87zbpRic2eYX39Esw9LX9oYgqXwj8XzMrFIeT0O4LIKWhyEoQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考文献:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">仲佳, 郑启文, 赵军,等. 小细胞肺癌免疫治疗疗效的影响<span style="color: black;">原因</span>分析. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2020, 42(09):771-776.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">段建春, 王玉艳, 刘晓红, 王洁, 吴梅娜, &amp; 赵军等. (2012). 培美曲塞联合铂类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及预测<span style="color: black;">原因</span>分析. 中华结核和<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>杂志, 035(002), 97-101.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赵军教授多场活动的答疑</p>
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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">&nbsp;中华医学会肿瘤学分会, 中华医学会杂志社. 中华医学会肿瘤学分会肺癌临床诊疗指南(2021版) . 中华医学杂志, 2021, 101(23) : 1725-1757. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210207-00377.</p>
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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">版权声明:</span><span style="color: black;">本文为铭医严选原创内容,版权归铭医严选所有,欢迎转发<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>圈,任何公众号或其他<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>转载<span style="color: black;">必要</span>注明<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于【铭医严选】(ID:</span><span style="color: black;">superdoctor_vip)<span style="color: black;">或</span>后台联系<span style="color: black;">博主</span>开白名单。</span></p>
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流星的美 发表于 2024-8-21 17:45:21

说得好啊!我在外链论坛打滚这么多年,所谓阅人无数,就算没有见过猪走路,也总明白猪肉是啥味道的。

1fy07h 发表于 2024-10-11 05:19:57

谷歌网站排名优化 http://www.fok120.com/
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