癌症5年存活率，到底寓意着什么？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在与<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">交流</span>时，肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>或家属可能经常会听到「五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率」这个词。<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>在描述病情严重程度时，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>常以五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率进行衡量。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>，五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率到底是一个什么样的指标？五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率是<span style="color: black;">表率</span>只能活五年吗？它和肿瘤的预后又有什么关系？本文一一为<span style="color: black;">大众</span>解答！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240325/0413e71cd5134adeb7c4bcd71eaa1391.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>什么是五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率？</strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>诊断某种癌症后，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>手术、放化疗、靶向治疗、免疫治疗等综合治疗后能够<span style="color: black;">存活</span>五年的概率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">举个例子，100个人诊断为肺癌，有80个人存活了五年，五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率是80%，90个人活过了五年，五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率是90%。<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>的五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">包含</span>了五年内复发转移但<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期均超过五年的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，既<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>瘤<span style="color: black;">存活</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>带瘤<span style="color: black;">存活</span>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span><span style="color: black;">为何</span>是五年，而不是三年或一年？</strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">临床上除了五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有三年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率、一年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>肿瘤的复发转移<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在治疗后三年内，还有部分晚期肿瘤<span style="color: black;">出现</span>转移和复发的时间在一年内，这<span style="color: black;">时期</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病情相对不稳定，肿瘤细胞很可能再次活跃，<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>，一年或三年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>的观察指标。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">三年后病情相对稳定，复发率<span style="color: black;">显著</span>降低。五年后<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>更小，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>五年都<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>复发转移，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>再次复发的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和几率就大大降低了，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>认为达到临床治愈。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，临床上常用五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率来<span style="color: black;">评定</span>肿瘤治疗的疗效，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>用于比较不同国家、地区之间治疗疗效的差异。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240325/45f475ac306f4ad8a52b9a469612b880.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>别过度担忧“概率”问题！</strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在看到<span style="color: black;">自己</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>预估后的五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率，会非常焦虑。其实，这种想法是不对的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤的五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率只是一个统计指标，<span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">全部</span>肿瘤群体的比例，并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>直接等同于个人，肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>能否<span style="color: black;">得到</span>临床治愈，还<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>肿瘤的部位、分期、分型、治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>以及治疗效果等综合判断。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，面对肿瘤，不要<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>恐慌<span style="color: black;">或</span>轻易放弃治疗。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span><span style="color: black;">那些</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">更易</span>跨过五年？</strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">NO.1 恶性程度低的肿瘤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不同癌种的恶性程度是不同的，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>甲状腺癌的恶性程度极低，被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>作“不死的癌症”，其他癌种，如前列腺癌、乳腺癌、黑色素瘤的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>比较高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，癌症的分化程度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一个很大的影响<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，肿瘤的分化指的是肿瘤组织在形态功能上与正常组织的<span style="color: black;">类似</span>性。肿瘤组织和正常组织<span style="color: black;">类似</span>性越高，肿瘤的分化程度越高，恶性程度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>越低。反之，肿瘤和正常组织<span style="color: black;">类似</span>度越低，分化就差，恶性程度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>越高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总的<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，恶性程度低、分化高<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">一般</span>比<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，恶性程度高，分化低的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>率就会低<span style="color: black;">有些</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240325/b8661f015fde49c48117808f13b77b08.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">NO.2 <span style="color: black;">初期</span>的恶性肿瘤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">同一种肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>只局限于<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的某一器官/组织中，易于手术切除，全身治疗易<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而晚期癌细胞波及范围大，手术难以切除<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>手术，全身治疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>难<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>和晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率差别<span style="color: black;">一般</span>很大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>晚期的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不要气馁，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>随着医疗水平的<span style="color: black;">提高</span>、新药的<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>，肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率肯定会有所<span style="color: black;">提高</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">NO.3 规范治疗的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（1）<span style="color: black;">即时</span>接受规范治疗</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">确诊肿瘤后，应<span style="color: black;">选取</span>权威、正规的医院及<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>进行诊治，采取<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>、规范、个体化的治疗方案，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（2）<span style="color: black;">定时</span>进行复查</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗结束之后，总会有一部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>认为手术、化疗都结束了，病就好了，还花什么钱复查？<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你有这个想法请尽早打消。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查不仅<span style="color: black;">能够</span>让<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>恢复<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，还<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>用药<span style="color: black;">状况</span>、副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">调节</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（3）<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫力</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤本身会<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>人体能量的消耗，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>营养不良等多种症状。而肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>营养与<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>间存在着<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性，应该<span style="color: black;">保准</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的营养摄入。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>上应该<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">饱含</span>蔬菜<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>、谷物、鱼肉等丰富的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>结构，需<span style="color: black;">保准</span><span style="color: black;">优秀</span>蛋白、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质、低脂<span style="color: black;">食品</span>的<span style="color: black;">平衡</span>摄入。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240325/3d3af63338714aacb69894c2f6b3190f.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其次在治疗过程中，科学的运动能够<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>更快地恢复至良好的状态。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">运动讲究适时、适式、适地，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应该<span style="color: black;">选取</span>适合自己的运动强度、运动方式，每周进行3-4次30分钟的运动。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最后，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>关注肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的心理状态。不同的心理，在相同的治疗<span style="color: black;">前提</span>下，会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>不同的效果。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在面对癌症的时候，应有坚强的信念，多看待<span style="color: black;">有些</span>美好的事情，<span style="color: black;">保准</span>良好的心理状态，不给自己施加<span style="color: black;">太多</span>的精神压力。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">5、</span>总结</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率只是一个统计概念，并不指某个<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生死<span style="color: black;">结果</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">表率</span>五年之后<span style="color: black;">能够</span>高枕<span style="color: black;">没</span>忧，肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>客观看待。规范治疗、<span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查、<span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫力、调节<span style="color: black;">心理</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>延长<span style="color: black;">存活</span>以及<span style="color: black;">加强</span>生活质量。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛：http://www.fok120.com/</span>，查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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