机械设计不可不知的传动——链传动（一）
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">链分传动链、<span style="color: black;">传送</span>链和拽引链。<span style="color: black;">各样</span>链条的介绍如下图。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/2ffc7801fca34755ada8d10430c9c016~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723339185&x-signature=JjgcntCUIDiDLu3SMSYl%2BW3Rmew%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">链传动中应用最广泛的是滚子链。本篇<span style="color: black;">重点</span>对滚子链进行介绍。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">滚子链<span style="color: black;">构成</span></strong>——滚子、套筒、销轴、内链板和外链板。内链板与套筒之间、外链板与销轴之间为过盈连接；滚子与套筒之间、套筒与销轴之间为间隙<span style="color: black;">协同</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/b4b96e6cd17d4d55946d3de0d5fd275d~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723339185&x-signature=pyV5DSqqD%2BD8btWFEyfzRb1%2BzXA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">滚子链的标记：链号—排数x整链链节数 标准编号</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如：08A-1x86 GB1234-1997，即A系列滚子链，节数p=25.4mm，单排，链节数86。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">链号的后缀A为A系列链，是起源于美国，并在世界流行的标准链；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">链号的后缀B为B系列链，是起源于英国，并在欧洲流行的标准链；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>滚子链传动：传动比≤8，中心距＜6m，功率P≤100kw，速度v≤15m/s（中低速），传动效率约为0.94-0.96。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">滚子链有碳钢材质或304材质，常说的2分链为04C，3分链为06B，4分链为08B，5分链为10A，6分链为12A，一寸链为16A。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/efe62c0e772645f593c8feded3c10b06~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723339185&x-signature=kmtMcDpulJ9%2FQsjSZNn8pWUtQbs%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">滚子链规格</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">优点：</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.无弹性滑动和打滑现象，平均传动比准确（瞬时传动比时刻在变），工作<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>，效率高；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.传递功率大，过载能力强，相同工况下的传动尺寸小；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.所需张紧力小，<span style="color: black;">功效</span>于轴上的压力小，轴承磨损少；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.能在高温、潮湿、多尘、有污染等<span style="color: black;">卑劣</span>环境中工作；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>齿轮传动，能吸振和缓和冲击；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.制造安装精度<span style="color: black;">需求</span>低，<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>了链传动的精度不高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">缺点：</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.仅能用于平行轴间的传动，可多轴传动；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.成本高，易磨损，易伸长，传动<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>性差，运转时会产生附加动载荷、振动、冲击和噪声；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不宜用在载荷变化很大或急速反向的传动中；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.高速时<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>性差；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.工作中存在啮入冲击而产生<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的噪声；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.不适用于过小中心距。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与滚子链相比，齿形链传动<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>无噪声，承受冲击性能好，工作<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>，多用于高速或运动精度<span style="color: black;">需求</span>较高的传动<span style="color: black;">安装</span>中。故齿形链又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为无声链。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/026e542ae6a84a688a56ba617d1c8c12~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723339185&x-signature=X%2F3MkwFSbdLGNWw36fGhfA26pa4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">链传动的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>失效形式：</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、链板疲劳破坏——链在松边拉力和紧边拉力的反复<span style="color: black;">功效</span>下，经过<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的循环次数，链板会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>疲劳破坏。正常润滑<span style="color: black;">要求</span>下，链板疲劳强度是限定链传动承载能力的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、滚子、套筒的冲击疲劳破坏——链传动的啮入冲击<span style="color: black;">首要</span>由滚子和套筒承受。在反复多次的冲击下，滚子、套筒会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>冲击疲劳破坏。这种失效形式多发生于中、高速闭式链传动中。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、 销轴与套筒的胶合——润滑<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span>或速度过高时，销轴和套筒的工作表面会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>胶合。胶合限定了链传动的极限转速。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、 链条铰链磨损——铰链磨损后链节变长，容易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>跳齿或脱链。开式传动、环境<span style="color: black;">要求</span><span style="color: black;">卑劣</span>或润滑密封不良时，极易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>铰链磨损，从而急剧降低链条的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>寿命。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、 过载拉断——这种拉断常<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在低速重载或严重过载的传动中。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">链传动的<span style="color: black;">部署</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">两轴线在同一个水平面：i=2~3，a=（30~50）p，此为较佳的<span style="color: black;">部署</span>。（p节距）</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/df7be5c7c39843a6a598f1f155aa2292~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723339185&x-signature=bpiVjD%2B73UWt9t%2FHN2%2FMC0x%2BCbk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">两轴线在同一个水平面：i＜1.5，a＞60p。中心距过大，需在上侧<span style="color: black;">增多</span>惰轮支撑或件托板支撑。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/8b0fb572dcc54f27a1a58385191c04f0~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723339185&x-signature=7ZESV%2Brk7VcWfeiSZMgIeZPxSNw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">两轴线不在同一水平面：i＞2，a＜30p。倾斜<span style="color: black;">部署</span>，应松边在下，紧边在上。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/7bf4f462ac3648f4a1ba11306be9fe75~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723339185&x-signature=munNkO74JiQbAKAidB0LOOs9q2E%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">垂直传动：i、a任意，<span style="color: black;">不外</span>下垂量增大后，啮合齿数减少，传动能力降低，应<span style="color: black;">增多</span>张紧。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/f61f33af0a2f4a4d97e180434a502993~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723339185&x-signature=S8Dey%2BP%2BRw4LQ1LUe438Cv%2F0tww%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">链传动的润滑方式</strong>有：人工润滑、滴油润滑、浸油润滑和喷油润滑。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/2da8c053dd7449f38d4c32c04efb0691~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723339185&x-signature=Eamit7u%2FOVIPwukD5jyfNA8VYgo%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
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期待楼主的下一次分享！” “板凳”（第三个回帖的人） 感谢你的精彩评论，带给我新的思考角度。
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