软件测试|数据库的内连接,左连接,右链接分别是什么
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">什么是数据库</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">数据库是一个以某种有组织的方式存储的数据集合,是存储和管理数据的仓库。本质上<span style="color: black;">便是</span>存储数据的文件系统。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">用户在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>数据库的时候,不会直接去操作这些文件,而是<span style="color: black;">运用</span>了数据库厂商封装好的数据库软件,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>数据库管理系统(DBMS)。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">数据库管理系统对数据库进行统一管理和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>,<span style="color: black;">保准</span>数据库的安全性和完整性。平常所说的数据库,其实指的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>对应数据库的 DBMS,数据库管理系统。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>数据库存储数据,用户<span style="color: black;">能够</span>非常方便对数据库中的数据进行<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,删除,修改及<span style="color: black;">查找</span>操作。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">数据库<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为关系型数据库和非关系型数据库。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">关系型数据库<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span> MySQL、Oracle、Postgres、SQLite 和 SQLServer。这几个数据库是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>行业里<span style="color: black;">运用</span>非常广泛的。其中最<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">表率</span>性的是 MySQL,它是<span style="color: black;">运用</span>最广泛的数据库。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些关系型数据库都<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span> SQL 语句进行操作。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非关系型数据库<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的有 MongoDB、Redis 等等。</span></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">什么是 SQL</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">SQL 是结构化<span style="color: black;">查找</span>语言(Structured Query Language) 的简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,是一种特殊目的的编程语言,用来存取数据以及<span style="color: black;">查找</span>、更新和管理关系数据库系统。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">SQL 是所<span style="color: black;">相关</span>系型数据库的统一<span style="color: black;">查找</span>规范,所有的关系型数据库都<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span> SQL,<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>数据库之间的 SQL 语法会有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>区别。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">SQL <span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为以下几种类型</span></p><span style="color: black;">数据定义语言:简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span> DDL(Data Definition Language),用来定义数据库对象:数据库,表,列等。</span><span style="color: black;">数据操作语言:简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span> DML(Data Manipulation Language),用来对数据库中表的记录进行更新。</span><span style="color: black;">数据<span style="color: black;">查找</span>语言:简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span> DQL(Data Query Language),用来<span style="color: black;">查找</span>数据库中表的记录。</span><span style="color: black;">数据<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>语言:简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span> DCL(Daat Control Language),用来定义数据库的<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>权限和安全级别, 以及创建用户。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在测试的场景中,<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的是数据<span style="color: black;">查找</span>语言 DQL。</span></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">什么是表连接</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">关系型数据库中存放的,是一张一张的表,各个表之间是<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>联系的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">数据库中的多个表间是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>联系的呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">拿学生表和成绩表来举例。假设学生表的四列分别<span style="color: black;">表率</span>学号,姓名,出生日期和性别。成绩表的三列分别是学号,课程编号和成绩。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">学生表 student</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">studentId</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">name</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">birthDate</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">sex</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">001</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">哈利</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1991-01-01</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">男</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">002</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">赫敏</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1991-05-07</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">女</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">003</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">罗恩</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1991-09-11</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">男</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">004</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">金妮</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1996-11-15</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">女</span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">成绩表 score</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">studentId</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">courseId</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">score</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">001</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C0001</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">90</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">001</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">C0002</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">95</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">002</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C0001</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">100</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">002</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">C0003</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">99</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">002</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">C0004</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">100</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">005</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">C0002</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">92</span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">两个表都有【studentId】,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,它们是<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>相同的列【studentId】<span style="color: black;">相关</span>起来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>要<span style="color: black;">查找</span>学生表中 studentId 为“001”号学生的成绩是多少,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在成绩表中<span style="color: black;">查询</span> studentId 为“001”号的那一行,最后在成绩表里<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>有 2 行数据的 studentId 都是“001” ,对应的就找到了该学生的两门课程的成绩。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>关系型数据库里的【关系】,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>数据能够对应的匹配,它在关系数据库中被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为联结,英文名是 JOIN。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在数据<span style="color: black;">查找</span>的时候,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>要<span style="color: black;">查找</span>的数据分布在多张表中的时候,表连接(JOIN)在多个表中间<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>的连接<span style="color: black;">要求</span>,使表之间<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span><span style="color: black;">从而</span>能从多个表之间获取数据。</span></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">内链接,左连接与右连接</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">表连接中最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的类型<span style="color: black;">便是</span>内连接、左连接和右连接。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">连接类型</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">关键词</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">定义</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">内连接</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(INNER) JOIN</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">获取两个表中字段匹配关系的记录</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">左连接</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">LEFT (OUTER) JOIN</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">获取左表所有记录,右表<span style="color: black;">无</span>对应匹配的记录时<span style="color: black;">表示</span>为 NULL</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">右连接</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">获取右表所有记录,左表<span style="color: black;">无</span>对应匹配的记录时<span style="color: black;">表示</span>为 NULL</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">内连接</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">获取两个表中字段匹配关系的记录,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>两张表的交集。<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>主外键关系做为<span style="color: black;">要求</span>来去除无用信息。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e4ca22e0a5db4ff7aba43d7fb780a92a~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723340026&x-signature=3WJimXoHjL2%2BC%2FIALEXtIOQ3W7I%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">语法:</span></p>SELECT *
FROM <span style="color: black;"><<span style="color: black;">表名1</span>></span> [表别名1]
INNER JOIN <span style="color: black;"><<span style="color: black;">表名2</span>></span> [表别名2]
ON <span style="color: black;"><<span style="color: black;">表别名1</span>></span>.<span style="color: black;"><<span style="color: black;">外键列</span>></span>=<span style="color: black;"><<span style="color: black;">表别名2</span>></span>.<span style="color: black;"><<span style="color: black;">主键列</span>></span>;
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">拿学生表和成绩表来举例。<span style="color: black;">查找</span>有成绩的学生信息。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">SQL 语句为</span></p><span style="color: black;">SELECT</span> *
<span style="color: black;">FROM</span> student st
<span style="color: black;">INNER</span> <span style="color: black;">JOIN</span> score sc
<span style="color: black;">ON</span> st.studentId=sc.studentId;
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果为</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3f5ab1724dbe4c0686c55a7a23d84393~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723340026&x-signature=Z73%2F69IvRNrURSKO8NUdPaMuums%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">左连接</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">先<span style="color: black;">查找</span>出左表,以左表为主,<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">查找</span>右表,右表中满足<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出来,不满足<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的<span style="color: black;">表示</span> NULL。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3dd1d6d95034bb9ba82a3a7845d0f3b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723340026&x-signature=03BBVbvM5Fo%2BXgCHAmyMtje%2BynQ%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">语法:</span></p><span style="color: black;">SELECT</span> *
<span style="color: black;">FROM</span> <表名<span style="color: black;">1</span>> [表别名<span style="color: black;">1</span>]
<span style="color: black;">LEFT</span> [<span style="color: black;">OUTER</span>] <span style="color: black;">JOIN</span> <表名<span style="color: black;">2</span>> [表别名<span style="color: black;">2</span>]
<span style="color: black;">ON</span> <表别名<span style="color: black;">1</span>>.<外键列>=<表别名<span style="color: black;">2</span>>.<主键列>;
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">还是拿学生表和成绩表来举例。<span style="color: black;">查找</span>有信息的学生的成绩。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">SQL 语句为</span></p><span style="color: black;">SELECT</span> *
<span style="color: black;">FROM</span> student st
<span style="color: black;">LEFT</span> <span style="color: black;">JOIN</span> score sc
<span style="color: black;">ON</span> st.studentId=sc.studentId;
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果为</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ed6f9b6727e4c289f4e33284322bf3e~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723340026&x-signature=EtqkRmjuZXs4Ca8mf0qTGDTlkPc%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">右连接</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">先把右表中所有记录都<span style="color: black;">查找</span>出来,以右表为主,<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">查找</span>左表,左表中满足<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出来,不满足的<span style="color: black;">表示</span> NULL。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3cec2a7746d64dfdaa568f44fe4ffd58~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723340026&x-signature=kxrNZBVcsxytXbgDD2qTJzTlOJA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">语法:</span></p><span style="color: black;">SELECT</span> *
<span style="color: black;">FROM</span> <表名<span style="color: black;">1</span>> [表别名<span style="color: black;">1</span>]
<span style="color: black;">RIGHT</span> [<span style="color: black;">OUTER</span>] <span style="color: black;">JOIN</span> <表名<span style="color: black;">2</span>> [表别名<span style="color: black;">2</span>]
<span style="color: black;">ON</span> <表别名<span style="color: black;">1</span>>.<外键列>=<表别名<span style="color: black;">2</span>>.<主键列>;
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">还是拿学生表和成绩表来举例。<span style="color: black;">查找</span>所有有成绩的学生信息。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">SQL 语句为</span></p><span style="color: black;">SELECT</span> *
<span style="color: black;">FROM</span> student st
<span style="color: black;">RIGHT</span> <span style="color: black;">JOIN</span> score sc
<span style="color: black;">ON</span> st.studentId=sc.studentId;
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果为</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0f0189c261ff444baf209f485eba4195~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723340026&x-signature=kPVnGtls2jgoQztcc1XP3AXkxWM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">总结</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">数据库<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个以某种有组织的方式存储的数据集合,是存储和管理数据的仓库。本质上<span style="color: black;">便是</span>存储数据的文件系统。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">用户<span style="color: black;">运用</span>数据库管理系统(DBMS)对数据库进行统一管理和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>,<span style="color: black;">保准</span>数据库的安全性和完整性。平常说的数据库<span style="color: black;">通常</span>指代的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>数据库管理系统。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">关系型数据库,<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>最广泛的 MySQL,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span> SQL 结构化<span style="color: black;">查找</span>语句来进行数据库的操作。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">关系型数据库中多表<span style="color: black;">查找</span>中比较<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的表连接形式分别为内连接、左连接和右连接。</span></p><span style="color: black;">内连接:<span style="color: black;">经过</span>关键字 (INNER) JOIN 获取两个表中字段匹配关系的记录。<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>主外键关系做为<span style="color: black;">要求</span>来去除无用信息。</span><span style="color: black;">左连接:<span style="color: black;">经过</span>关键字 LEFT JOIN 获取左表所有记录。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>先<span style="color: black;">查找</span>出左表,以左表为主,<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">查找</span>右表,右表中满足<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出来,不满足<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的<span style="color: black;">表示</span> NULL。</span><span style="color: black;">右连接:<span style="color: black;">经过</span>关键字 RIGHT JOIN 获取右表所有记录。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>先把右表中所有记录都<span style="color: black;">查找</span>出来,以右表为主,<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">查找</span>左表,左表中满足<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出来,不满足的<span style="color: black;">表示</span> NULL。</span>
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