有的自动车从不掉链子
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【编者按】张向东的700bike，抛开<span style="color: black;">制品</span>本身，除了满满的情怀，还将皮带传动带回了<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的视野。雷锋网作者是一名资深骑行<span style="color: black;">兴趣</span>者，来与你们谈谈关于链条传动和皮带传动的<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>事儿。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/6664/2006813381~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723348230&x-signature=m0NZDPHzrg1vvtkmqQsbebDgAcM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">自动</span>车结构的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>踩踏的动力<span style="color: black;">必须</span>从主动轮（牙盘）传递到从动轮（后轮上的飞轮），在机械工业中，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>这种大中心距的传动方式常见有链传动和带传动两种（以下<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为链条传动和皮带传动）。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>，<span style="color: black;">为何</span>在<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车<span style="color: black;">行业</span>，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>绝大部分的<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的都是链条传动，而鲜有皮带传动的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>呢？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">首要</span>让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>看一看两种传动方式的结构。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">链条传动由主动链轮、从动链轮和绕在两轮上的闭合链条所<span style="color: black;">构成</span>，它靠链条与链齿之间的啮合来传递运动和动力。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/6668/534856277~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723348230&x-signature=n2Z6dEcG5qbGcNmo5Ejy3Z%2BduCU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活中<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的链条大都为滚子链。滚子链由内链板、外链板、销轴、套筒和滚子<span style="color: black;">构成</span>，内链板与套筒间、外链板与销轴间均为过盈<span style="color: black;">协同</span>，套筒与销轴间则为间隙<span style="color: black;">协同</span>，形成动联接。工作时内、外链节间<span style="color: black;">能够</span>相对挠曲，套筒则绕销轴自由转动。为了减少销轴与套筒间的磨损，在它们之间应进行润滑。滚子活套在套筒外面，啮合时滚子沿链轮齿廓滚动，以减小链条与链轮轮齿间的磨损。内、外链板<span style="color: black;">一般</span>为8字形，以使链板各横截面的抗拉强度大致相同，并减轻链条的重量及惯性力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/6666/1752529352~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723348230&x-signature=W3iEVn%2FXEdTNUkJHboNbpgY8Mrw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在明白了滚子链和链轮的结构之后<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就不难理解链条传动的优缺点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">链条传动的优点：</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的中心距的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下传递动力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、能在低速、重载和高温<span style="color: black;">要求</span>下的不想环境中工作。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、传动比精确、<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>，可传递<span style="color: black;">很强</span>功率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、张紧力小，轴与轴承所承受的负荷较小。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、传动效率高，<span style="color: black;">达到</span>95%~98%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">虽然链传动<span style="color: black;">持有</span><span style="color: black;">非常</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>的优点，但缺点<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是显而易见的：</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、<span style="color: black;">因为</span>润滑油的存在，链条容易脏、<span style="color: black;">守护</span>和清洁较为麻烦。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、材质<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是钢，容易生锈。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">欠妥</span>会磨损会让加剧，严重影响<span style="color: black;">运用</span>寿命。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、链条的长度为链条节数的整数倍数，<span style="color: black;">没法</span>随意调节长度。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>中心距较远的动力传输，除了链条传动外，在工业中<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的另一种传动形式<span style="color: black;">便是</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">皮带传动</strong><strong style="color: blue;">，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>由主动轮、从动轮和张紧在两轮上的环形带<span style="color: black;">构成</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/6664/2007000844~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723348230&x-signature=IXMhgJniwXYb%2BWX05rAPLWXsp7o%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">和链条传动<span style="color: black;">重点</span>靠的啮合力驱动相比，<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的带传动<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">是由于</span>张紧的皮带和主、从动轮之间的摩擦力来驱动。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然长度<span style="color: black;">能够</span>任意<span style="color: black;">选择</span>、结构<span style="color: black;">亦</span>比较简单，但是<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>皮带的张紧力<span style="color: black;">不足</span>，皮带就容易打滑，这在<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车中容易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>危险。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>张紧又会让轴和轴承上受力<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会降低传动的效率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/6669/449905348~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723348230&x-signature=AvXtqQzNgW9P%2BRfKdSwFkEtRjD8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（Gates Carbon Drive的同步皮带传动系统）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">于是在<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车中，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>另一种特殊的皮带传动系统：同步带（以下<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为同步皮带）。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">同步皮带传动<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>一根内表面设有等间距齿的封闭环形胶带和<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>相应齿的带轮所<span style="color: black;">构成</span>，运转时，带的凸齿与带轮齿槽相啮合，来传递运动和动力，与链条传动有着异曲同工之妙。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>普通的带传动系统，同步带皮带<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>以下优点：</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、工作时无滑动，有准确的传动比。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、传动效率高，最高<span style="color: black;">达到</span>98%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、传动比范围大，结构简单。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、噪音小、耐磨性好、无需油润滑、在<span style="color: black;">卑劣</span>环境下<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能正常工作，几乎免<span style="color: black;">守护</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">看起来同步皮带不仅<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>链条传动的优点，还<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>许多链条式传动所不<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>的运行安静、免<span style="color: black;">守护</span>等更为<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的优点，但<span style="color: black;">为何</span>同步带传动却并<span style="color: black;">无</span>被广泛的用于<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车中呢？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在运动<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车类别中，同步带传动系统没能得到广泛应用的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>似乎很简单。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>在运动<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车所<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的多级变速系统中，链条在前、后拨变速器和张链器的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>下，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>给车手带来大范围的传动比以满足<span style="color: black;">区别</span>路况的需求。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/6662/8347547293~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723348230&x-signature=g5HrHOMtG6SywYo4osi7WJZIck0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（变速<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车中的速链条传动系统）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>链条弯折<span style="color: black;">方向</span>大、<span style="color: black;">能够</span>略微倾斜<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的特点<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是皮带所不<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">再者，皮带式传动<span style="color: black;">因为</span>材质限制和强度的<span style="color: black;">必须</span>，<span style="color: black;">没法</span>做得像链条那样又窄又结实，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>带传动的主、从动轮的平面要<span style="color: black;">保准</span>在同一平面内，否则会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>同步带的磨损加剧<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>脱落的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>同步皮带传动<span style="color: black;">一般</span>只出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>单速传动的<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车上，虽然市面上<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>单速传动实现多级变速的内变速系统，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>内变速结构<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>、重量较重<span style="color: black;">况且</span>传动效率较低，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>价格<span style="color: black;">亦</span>较为昂贵等<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>被广泛应用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">为何</span>在单速车中，采用皮带传动的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>依然屈指可数呢？或许从Gates Carbon Drive皮带传动系统<span style="color: black;">制品</span>中<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能够得到答案。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/6665/1883128656~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723348230&x-signature=a0QAi83ywc5OfZQCWqBXz2tLqW0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Gates是一家<span style="color: black;">刚才</span>涉足<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车行业的老牌皮带传动<span style="color: black;">供给</span>商，Gates Carbon Drive系统则是Gates专门为<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车<span style="color: black;">开发</span>的皮带驱动系统，国外的Friction Facts（摩擦的事实）对这种传动系统进行了传动效率测试，Gates Carbon Drive的皮带传动在典型<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下只比链条传动<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了1W<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的功率损耗，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>皮带系统在超过208W之后会变得更加<span style="color: black;">有效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这点传动效率的差异对大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>骑行者<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>并不会感到有什么差别。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span>忽略另一个细节，链条传动的典型拉伸力度为2磅，而Gates Carbon Drive皮带传动系统的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>预拉伸力为85磅，以防止在发力时打滑。（试想一下，你的<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车的中轴和后轮轴上无时无刻都有一个40<span style="color: black;">千克</span>的拉力，车架会有<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>酸爽的感受？）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种<span style="color: black;">公众</span>化的交通工具，<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车在设计上力求简单和低成本、如此高的预拉伸力<span style="color: black;">针对</span>采用链条传动的车架<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>是个不小的考验。并且与现有大批量化生产的低成本链式传动系统相比，无论是更换<span style="color: black;">全部</span>新型传动系统，还是重新为高预拉伸力重新设计车架都<span style="color: black;">最后</span>都会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>制成本的<span style="color: black;">提升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">总体看来，传动效率不是问题，成本才是让许多<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车厂商们放弃了皮带传动系统的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>，皮带传动在<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车中的应用较少归根结底还是<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>厂家<span style="color: black;">不足</span>成熟、配套<span style="color: black;">设备</span>不完善，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>生产成本过高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>安静、轻便、可靠和免<span style="color: black;">守护</span>等优点<span style="color: black;">已然</span>吸引了许多<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>着手<span style="color: black;">开发</span>低成本的皮带传动系统，由此<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>预见，当技术成熟和批量化生产等问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span>之后，采用皮带传动<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车的大规模生产只是时间的问题。</p>
可以发布外链的网站 http://www.fok120.com/ 对于这个问题，我有不同的看法...
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