春季养鸡新城疫和禽流感的临床症状及治疗办法
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">鸡新城疫与禽流感是禽类养殖场里最常遇到的两大<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>这两种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的传播速度快，<span style="color: black;">常常</span>在很短的时间内就能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>大规模的传染，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>死亡率极高，在寒冷季节尤为严重，H5发病死亡高达100%。这给广大的禽类养殖用户<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>带来<span style="color: black;">极重</span>的经济损失和养殖<span style="color: black;">懊恼</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">什么是新城疫</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">鸡新城疫又名亚洲鸡瘟(俗<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>鸡瘟)，<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>副粘病毒科鸡新城疫病毒NDV(禽副粘病毒APMV)<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的急性高度接触性传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>;<span style="color: black;">重点</span>特征以<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、下痢、神经絮乱、粘膜<span style="color: black;">流血</span>为主。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">新城疫发病特点</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本病不受季节影响，春秋两季较多，各年龄的鸡均可感染发病，传播速度快，发病率和死亡率高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">新城疫的临床症状</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)精神萎靡，采食减少，<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难，排黄绿色粪便;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)体温<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，饮水<span style="color: black;">增加</span>，嗉囔内充满酸臭黏液，倒提病鸡，可从口腔中流出;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)大群<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>症状<span style="color: black;">显著</span>，咳嗽喷嚏，流鼻甩鼻，张口<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>，“咯咯”“咕噜”声;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)鸡冠和肉垂发钳，呈暗红或青紫色;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)神经症状<span style="color: black;">显著</span>，麻痹瘫痪;有的未受刺激时较为正常，一旦受到惊吓，便<span style="color: black;">显现</span>头颈扭曲;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(6)蛋鸡产蛋量减少或停产，软皮蛋、褪色蛋、沙壳蛋、畸形蛋<span style="color: black;">增加</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">新城疫的解剖症状</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)腺胃乳头<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，肌胃角质层<span style="color: black;">流血</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)盲肠扁桃体<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、溃疡及坏死;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)肠道充满黏液，肠道表现有枣核状紫红色<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、坏死灶;胰腺点状<span style="color: black;">流血</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)气管黏膜充血、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，呈红色;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)卵巢卵泡<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，输卵管炎症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">新城疫的<span style="color: black;">害处</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)各日龄均可<span style="color: black;">出现</span>，发病急，死亡率高;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)NDV一旦感染就会在群内<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>传播，<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>免疫的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>从鸡群中清除，一旦免疫力或抗体水平下降，就会发病而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>损失。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">什么是禽流感</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">禽流感又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>真性鸡瘟，<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>正黏病毒科，A型流感病毒<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的家禽和野禽的一种从<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>系统到严重全身败血症等多种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">综合症</span>。能感染多种家禽和野禽，野禽是本病的大本营，不同日龄和四季均可感染，寒冷季节尤为严重，H5发病死亡达100%，H9发病率、死亡率较低5-30%。<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>有H5N1、H5N2、H9N2、H7N3等多种不同血清型。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">禽流感临床症状</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)精神萎靡，采食减少30-60%，<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难，排黄绿色粪便;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)冠髯肿胀、发绀，严重时<span style="color: black;">流血</span>坏死;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)肿头流泪，结膜充血、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，流粘性鼻涕，甩头，咯咯怪叫;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)腿部皮肤充血、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，脚鳞充血、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)死亡率高，体型<span style="color: black;">很强</span>鸡只仰死，较瘦鸡趴着死;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(6)有的鸡<span style="color: black;">显现</span>扭颈、转圈等神经症状;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(7)产蛋下降40-70%，<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>后产蛋恢复缓慢。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">禽流感的解剖症状</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)肾脾肿大，脾脏有灰白色坏死点;偶见法氏囊肿大<span style="color: black;">流血</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)气管充血<span style="color: black;">流血</span>严重，有时有干酪样渗出物堵塞气管;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)心肌脂肪<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，胰腺边缘<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，腿胸部肌肉及腹部脂肪有<span style="color: black;">流血</span>;腺胃乳头及交界处<span style="color: black;">流血</span>;肠道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>严重，有溃疡;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)鼻窦炎，有脓性或干酪样分泌物(似传鼻);</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)有时见心包、腹腔纤维素性渗出，有积水，包心包肝;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(6)典型病例可见头颈和胸部皮下有淡黄色胶样水肿液;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(7)卵黄性腹膜炎、输卵管炎，卵泡<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，内有脓性分泌物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">禽流感的<span style="color: black;">害处</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)发病死亡率极高，损失大，治疗效果差，属I 类疫病，人畜共患;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)血清型多，基因不稳定，易产生突变和重组，针对性弱毒活苗<span style="color: black;">没</span>法应用，只能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>灭活油苗进行强制免疫;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)易与禽霍乱、新城疫、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>型传支等混淆误诊，新城疫等弱毒苗紧急接种会加剧死亡;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)本病目前<span style="color: black;">没</span>弱毒活苗，<span style="color: black;">没</span>法进行弱毒活苗紧急接种，而紧急接种灭活苗，<span style="color: black;">生效</span>慢，<span style="color: black;">最少</span>要10-15天产能产生<span style="color: black;">守护</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)若注射抗生素及干扰素等，应激<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">海量</span>死亡(气管堵塞);</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(6)H5、H9等不同血清型疫苗<span style="color: black;">不可</span>形成<span style="color: black;">显著</span>交叉<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>，即注射H5灭活疫苗，对H9感染<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>疫苗应需单独注射或采用多价苗;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(7)1g被HPAIV污染的粪便含有足以让100万只家禽<span style="color: black;">所有</span>感染的病毒量。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">新城疫和禽流感的区别</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（1）新城疫和禽流感病鸡死亡特征。新城疫瘦鸡死亡比例<span style="color: black;">显著</span>较高，而禽流感则是胖病鸡的死亡率较高；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（2）新城疫和禽流感病外观症状区别。患新城疫的病鸡多为仰头扭颈、口流酸臭液体、冠暗红；而患禽流感的病鸡则是肿头、流泪、流鼻等最为<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的特点是禽流感的病鸡的鸡脚鳞有<span style="color: black;">流血</span>症状；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（3）新城疫和禽流感病解剖特征（如上图）：患新城疫病鸡的腺胃乳头<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、盲肠扁桃体肿大<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、肠道枣核溃疡。而患禽流感的病鸡则是心脏脂肪<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、腺胃乳头<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、气管堵塞、胸腿部肌肉<span style="color: black;">流血</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">新城疫和禽流感的预防</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本病<span style="color: black;">没</span>弱毒活苗，用禽泰莱——鸡新城疫、禽流感（H9亚型）、腺病毒（I群、4型）三联灭活疫苗，可有效阻止本病流行。治疗时，<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>葡萄糖和多维，抗生素<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道为主，肠道为辅;抗病毒药抗病毒和降体温;发病后若误用新城冻干苗会加剧死亡。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240326/9eb5e1277e684d71bb40cd6e27b0b8ac.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【<span style="color: black;">制品</span>特点】</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、精选毒株，一针三防</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本品一针三防，优选LaSota毒株，结合国内流行新城疫基因型高度同源毒株;优选H9亚型禽流感毒株 Yt株，与当前各流行毒株同源性好，交叉<span style="color: black;">守护</span>好;采用基因工程技术表达的腺病毒抗原，可预防腺病毒<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的感染。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、抗原纯化</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">超滤浓缩工艺，高度去除尿囊液中的尿酸盐、脂多糖及杂蛋白，以<span style="color: black;">保证</span>抗原纯净，免疫注射应激小。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、进口佐剂，吸收更完全</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>原装进口<span style="color: black;">优秀</span>佐剂，粘度低，粘度指数为20-40CP(国家标准200CP)，免疫应激小，流动性好，易抽易打易吸收，产生抗体速度快。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4、先进工艺，免疫应激小</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">采用低温乳化工艺，成品乳化粒径优异，<span style="color: black;">体积</span>呈典型的正态分布，达到人用疫苗标准。先进灭活工艺，甲醛灭活剂用量小，减少对机体的刺激。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">5、抗原浓缩，免疫效果好</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">采用超滤浓缩工艺，<span style="color: black;">保证</span>每羽份新城疫、腺病毒、禽流感H9亚型的<span style="color: black;">有效</span>价，免疫后产生高抗体滴度，抗体产生快，免疫后7天抗体<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">提升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【通用名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>】</strong>鸡新城疫、禽流感（H9亚型）、禽腺病毒病（I群4型）三联灭活疫苗（La Sota株+YT株+QD株）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240326/98b7c894993a45ea9d0b3f2c6d3e7d1f.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">成份</span>与含量】</strong>每羽份（0.5ml）疫苗中含灭活的鸡新城疫病毒La Sota株不<span style="color: black;">小于</span>108.2EID50、禽流感H9亚型病毒YT株不<span style="color: black;">小于</span>108.2EID50、禽I群4型腺病毒QD株病毒不<span style="color: black;">小于</span>107.2TCID50。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【性状】</strong> 乳白色均匀乳剂。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【<span style="color: black;">功效</span>与用途】</strong>用于预防鸡新城疫、H9亚型禽流感和禽腺病毒病（I群4型）。免疫接种后14～21日产生免疫力，免疫期为3个月。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【用法与用量】</strong>颈部皮下或肌肉注射。1～4周龄的鸡，每只0.3ml，4周龄以上的鸡，每只0.5ml。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【不良反应】</strong> <span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>的不良反应。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛：http://www.fok120.com/</span>，查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">责任编辑：网友投稿</span></p>
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