英语论文||引言写作的要点是什么?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240606/388bba77be604237a9e1622777bed72b.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">引言,又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>前言或绪论,属于整篇论文的引论部分(开场白),介绍论文写作的背景、目的、<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>成果及与前人工作的关系等,交代<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>热点、存在的问题及作者所做工作的<span style="color: black;">道理</span>,目的是引导读者进入论文的主题,让读者对论文中将要阐述的内容有心理准备。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)引言内容的安排<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的伸缩性,但基本内容应<span style="color: black;">包含</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>背景、存在的问题和<span style="color: black;">科研</span>目的</strong>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)<span style="color: black;">一般</span>先介绍范围较宽泛的<span style="color: black;">通常</span>性事实,为说明<span style="color: black;">科研</span>工作与过去工作的关系<span style="color: black;">必须</span>回顾国内外<span style="color: black;">科研</span>历史(文献回顾或文献综述),并对<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>作横向比较,<strong style="color: blue;">写明前人在本课题<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>所做的工作及存在的空白或不足</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)<span style="color: black;">而后</span>将重点<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>转入与论文所探讨的问题有密切联系的主题,指出有某个问题或现象仍值得进一步<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">从而</span>将焦点转到要探讨的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>问题上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)最后<strong style="color: blue;">阐述<span style="color: black;">科研</span>目的,将作者的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>任务<span style="color: black;">详细</span>化,</strong>还可<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>说明作者在已有工作<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上的贡献或创新。对篇幅较长、结构<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的论文,其引言的结尾部分还应有简略说明<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>结论及论文构架的内容。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)对引言的篇幅无硬性的统一规定,应<strong style="color: blue;">视论文种类、篇幅及内容表达<span style="color: black;">必须</span>来确定。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①<span style="color: black;">通常</span>科技论文的引言有<strong style="color: blue;">500个单词</strong>(相当于1000个汉字)就够了,短的<span style="color: black;">能够</span>不到50个单词(相当于100个汉字)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">②学术论文<span style="color: black;">通常</span>为5000个单词(</strong>相当于10000个汉字),<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③比较短的论文<span style="color: black;">能够</span>不单列“引言”一节,在论文正文前只写一小段文字<span style="color: black;">就可</span>起到引言的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(6)引言写作<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span></strong>“limited to conditions ”(限于<span style="color: black;">要求</span>)、“there are few researches in this area”(<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>甚少)等谦虚用语,但不必对自己的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>或能力过谦。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">不宜用</strong>have little talent and less learning(才疏学浅)、“limited to authors level”(水平有限)、“beg for your advice”(<span style="color: black;">哀告</span>指教)和“throw away a brick in order to get a gem”(抛砖引玉)等客套用语;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不要自吹自擂,抬高自己,贬低别人,</strong>除非是事实,否则<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">不消</span>“discovers...for the first time”(首次<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>)、“presents. for the first time”(首次提出)、“has (have) very high academic value”(有很高的学术价值)、“fill the gaps at home and abroad”(填补了国内外空白)、“reach(es)interational advanced level”(达到国际先进水平)等<span style="color: black;">评估</span>式用语。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">引言规范写作的基本<span style="color: black;">需求</span>是:<strong style="color: blue;">内容全面,逐次展开;开门见山,不绕圈子;言简意赅,<span style="color: black;">明显</span>重点;尊重科学,实事求是。 </strong></p>
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