认识癌症
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.什么是癌症?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.人<span style="color: black;">为何</span>会得癌症?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.癌症到底是怎么致命的?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.癌症为啥这么难治?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.癌症的疗法</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">后记</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.什么是癌症?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症是一种基因病,它<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>细胞在致癌<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>下,基因<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了改变,使机体失去对其生长的正常调控,<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>限生长,它还可转移到身体其它部位,破坏正常器官结构,使机体功能失调,威胁生命。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">通常</span>生长缓慢,与<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织界限清楚,不<span style="color: black;">出现</span>转移,对人体健康<span style="color: black;">害处</span>不大,但有时<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会发展成恶性肿瘤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症与肿瘤两个词平时<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是通用的,要真说有区别的话<span style="color: black;">便是</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症=恶性肿瘤 + 血癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤=恶性肿瘤 + 良性肿瘤</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌细胞几乎<span style="color: black;">能够</span>横行在人体的每一个部位, 从大脑到各个器官, 从表皮到骨骼, <span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在生物界引以为豪的人体, 在癌细胞肆虐下<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">显出</span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>脆弱,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>不堪一击。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌细胞并非入侵的外族, 它们与人体的正常细胞同文同种, 但不同的是基因突变使癌细胞<span style="color: black;">持有</span>几项特殊“技能”, 从而使得它们能够在人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>所向披靡。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在人体这个迄今为止最为<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的系统中, 细胞的每一个<span style="color: black;">行径</span>都<span style="color: black;">必要</span>是接收到一系列<span style="color: black;">关联</span>指令<span style="color: black;">才可</span>进行,就像军队中的令行禁止<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。数以万亿计的细胞各司其职,在和谐统一的秩序中维系着人体的健康。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而癌细胞就像恐怖分子,到处煽风点火。它们能如此的肆<span style="color: black;">没</span>忌惮,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它们身上开满了外挂,<span style="color: black;">持有</span>近乎超神的能力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">恐怖组织战斗靠的是信仰,而癌细胞靠的是<span style="color: black;">没</span>限分裂生长的能力,正常细胞分裂的次数是有限制的,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是10次<span style="color: black;">上下</span>,<span style="color: black;">少许</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>达到50次,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>癌细胞却失去了最高分裂次数限制,几乎<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>限分裂。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">恐怖组织的扩张靠的是把石油<span style="color: black;">做为</span>其源源<span style="color: black;">持续</span>的资金<span style="color: black;">源自</span>,而癌细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>的刺激新血管生成来<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的营养。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">它们<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">掩盖</span>来逃避打击,逃避免疫系统的监管....</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">它们还<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>地转移,把战火从阿富汗烧到伊拉克、叙利亚.....烧到肺、肝、脑、胃....</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>这么牛!</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-48b945365299b277127f29699402d99a_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.人<span style="color: black;">为何</span>会得癌症?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实癌细胞要修成正果<span style="color: black;">亦</span>挺<span style="color: black;">不易</span>的,<span style="color: black;">无</span>经历九九八十一难,练就出一身真本事是绝对取不到真经的。癌症大部分<span style="color: black;">必须</span>十几、二十年基因突变的<span style="color: black;">累积</span>,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>够形成肿瘤!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">单单一个转移的过程就会遇到<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>困难,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要经过数十次变异,<span style="color: black;">得到</span>克服细胞间黏附<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的能力,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>从原组织中脱离出来,还要改变<span style="color: black;">自己</span>形状才<span style="color: black;">能够</span>穿过致密的结缔组织。成功逃逸后,还要<span style="color: black;">经过</span>微血管进入血液,在那里会遭到免疫细胞的攻击,存活下来的可能<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>数百亿分之一,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有可能全军覆没。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>存活下来的癌细胞及其后代从此将<span style="color: black;">得到</span>逃避免疫监管的能力。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>微血管进入新的器官后,癌细胞还要面对很不友好的环境,存活的下来的又是寥寥<span style="color: black;">没</span>几。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌细胞能够<span style="color: black;">存活</span>下来的<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是基因突变。基因突变让癌细胞<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了<span style="color: black;">各样</span>超神的能力,使癌细胞<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>限生长、逃避监管、<span style="color: black;">持续</span>转移....</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">那基<span style="color: black;">由于</span>啥会突变,啥时候突变?在细胞分裂的时候!<span style="color: black;">由于</span>细胞每一次分裂都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进行DNA复制,复制次数越多、复制所处的内环境越<span style="color: black;">卑劣</span>,复制的过程就越容易出错,从而<span style="color: black;">出现</span>基因突变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>细胞分裂次数越多,<span style="color: black;">出现</span>基因突变的概率越大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">DNA复制所处的内环境越<span style="color: black;">卑劣</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>在污染的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>、有毒空气等致癌<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的影响下,<span style="color: black;">出现</span>基因突变的概率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>越大。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但好在<span style="color: black;">都数</span>突变都不在<span style="color: black;">重要</span>基因上, <span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>仍然是小概率事件。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">综上所述,得癌症跟下列<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(a)岁数越大,细胞<span style="color: black;">必须</span>分裂次数越多 ,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">常常</span>在40-50岁之后<span style="color: black;">起始</span>集中爆发。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(b)人体器官受到<span style="color: black;">损害</span>越多,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>修复的细胞就越多,细胞分裂次数<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就越多。 <span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>慢性炎症使组织<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">损害</span>,反复修复组织容易诱发癌症。经常暴晒太阳容易得皮肤癌;<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>抽烟容易得肺癌;慢性肝炎容易得肝癌,等等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(c)<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>接触致癌因子如污染的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>,有毒空气和射线等使DNA复制所处的内环境变得<span style="color: black;">卑劣</span>,都会加大患癌几率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(d)受到遗传的影响有些人天生就携带<span style="color: black;">有些</span>基因突变, 这些突变虽然<span style="color: black;">不可</span>直接<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症, <span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会让<span style="color: black;">她们</span>得癌症的几率大大<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.癌症到底怎么致命的</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>谈癌色变,<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是其高死亡率。 <span style="color: black;">每一个</span>病人个体<span style="color: black;">状况</span>都不同,<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>死亡的<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不同。要看肿瘤恶变程度及位置<span style="color: black;">可否</span>在关键内脏,<span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>转移,最后还要看病人的身体状态。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、<span style="color: black;">然则</span>大致说起来,癌症发展到最后<span style="color: black;">常常</span>和器官衰竭<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。肿瘤过度生长都可能会压迫<span style="color: black;">重要</span>器官,<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>压迫<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>神经<span style="color: black;">引起</span>死亡,肺癌生长填充肺部空间,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肺部氧气交换能力降低等等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>死亡的另一个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是合并感染,癌症病人免疫功能低下,尤其是病人经过化疗、放疗后白细胞<span style="color: black;">明显</span>减少,就<span style="color: black;">更易</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>感染了,<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>存在的<span style="color: black;">本来</span>并不致病的微生物,此时<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会趁火打劫,<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>感染。令人头痛的是这种感染<span style="color: black;">常常</span>难以<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、癌细胞还会直接侵蚀和破坏大血管,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>血管破裂,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>大<span style="color: black;">流血</span>。典型的如肝癌,胃癌,肺癌,大出<span style="color: black;">常常</span>如决堤之水一发不可收拾。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、前面说了癌细胞生长<span style="color: black;">快速</span>,<span style="color: black;">必要</span>消耗机体<span style="color: black;">海量</span>营养物质,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>病人进行性消瘦,中医<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>作“行销骨立”,此即<span style="color: black;">所说</span>“恶病质”。最后病人因<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>系统营养不足,功能衰竭而<span style="color: black;">逝去</span>。这个过程是不可逆的,<span style="color: black;">没</span>论病人吃多少东西,输多少蛋白质都没用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">例如全民偶像乔布斯靠金钱支撑,在诊断胰腺癌后活了 8 年,可谓是不小的奇迹,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>仔细看他<span style="color: black;">生病</span>前后照片对比,能清楚<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>他身上的肌肉和脂肪几乎消失殆尽。最后还是<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>衰竭而去世。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-1c66c5945f5f692426b4d7da56fdaa36_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.癌症为啥这么难治?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>个<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是癌症是“内源性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span> ”:癌细胞是病人身体的一部分。对待“外源性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span> ”,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>细菌感染,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>有抗生素。它只对细菌有毒性,而对人体细胞<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>抗生素<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用到很高浓度,让所有细菌死光光,而病人安然<span style="color: black;">没</span>恙。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">搞定癌症就没<span style="color: black;">那样</span>简单了,癌细胞虽然是变坏了人体细胞,但仍然是人体细胞。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>要搞定<span style="color: black;">她们</span>,几乎是杀敌一千,自损八百的勾当。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>传统化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>能够杀死快速生长的细胞,对癌细胞<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>用,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>可惜,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>身体中有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>正常细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是在快速生长的, <span style="color: black;">例如</span>头皮下的毛囊细胞。化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>杀死癌细胞的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>杀死了毛囊细胞,这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>为啥化疗的病人头发都会掉光。负责造血和维持免疫系统的造血干细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会被杀死,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>化疗病人的免疫系统会非常弱,极容易感染。消化道上皮细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会被杀死,于是病人有严重呕吐,拉肚子,<span style="color: black;">无</span>食欲,等等等等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这般</span>严重的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,让<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>只能在治好癌症和维持病人基本生命之间<span style="color: black;">持续</span>权衡,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>化疗的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>浓度都<span style="color: black;">必要</span>严格控制,<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>,<span style="color: black;">必要</span>一个疗程一个疗程来,化疗一次<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>一两个月,等在化疗中被<span style="color: black;">损害</span>的正常细胞恢复后,再接着下一个疗程。 <span style="color: black;">非常多</span>病人癌细胞没被杀死,自己就先报销了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第二个癌症难搞的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是癌症不是单一<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,而是几千几万种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的组合。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>大概有两万多个基因,和癌症有直接关系的大概一百多个,它们大致被分为原癌基因和抑癌基因两大类。这些突变的基因之间<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有<span style="color: black;">没</span>数种<span style="color: black;">摆列</span>组合,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就形<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>成<span style="color: black;">各样</span>各样的癌症。 世界上<span style="color: black;">无</span>完全<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的两片树叶,世界上<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>两个完全<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>癌症的多样性,药厂几乎注定每次只能针对某些基因<span style="color: black;">开发</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>,它对很少的一部分病人起<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。每一个新药的<span style="color: black;">研发</span>成本是多少呢? 大概是10 年时间 +20 亿美金!还不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>成功!<span style="color: black;">这般</span>大的时间金钱投入,<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>缓慢。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>说要<span style="color: black;">解决</span>所有的癌症,其路漫漫。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第三是癌症的突变抗药性。 <span style="color: black;">大众</span>可能都听说过超级细菌。 在抗生素<span style="color: black;">显现</span>之前,金黄色葡萄球菌感染是致命的,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>败血症。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>青霉素<span style="color: black;">显现</span>以后,金黄色葡萄球菌就怂掉了。<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">乱用</span>青霉素, 在它杀死了 99.999999% 的细菌时,一个<span style="color: black;">或</span>两个细菌<span style="color: black;">因为</span>基因突变<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>进化出了抗药性,<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">再也不</span>怕青霉素。没办法人类只能再想别的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来对付它,于是又发明了万古霉素。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">同期</span>抗青霉素和万古霉素的金黄色葡萄球菌,这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>超级细菌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">可是癌细胞不仅像细菌<span style="color: black;">同样</span><span style="color: black;">保存</span>了基本进化能力, <span style="color: black;">况且</span>更强,针对<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>给它的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,癌细胞<span style="color: black;">持续</span>变化,想方设法躲避<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。例如,针对 ALK 基因突变的抗癌药在临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的时候,就<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌细胞在治疗几个月以后就丢弃了突变的 ALK 基因,而产生新的突变来<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>癌症生长,这么快的进化速度,总是让我感叹自然界面前人类的渺小。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-8896feca25427ecf59097fb29ecc1145_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.癌症的疗法</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>有五种:外科手术、放射线治疗、<span style="color: black;">药品</span>化学疗法、生物疗法(<span style="color: black;">包含</span>激素治疗、细胞免疫治疗、标靶<span style="color: black;">药品</span>等)及基因疗法,新的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>推陈出新,但总的<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>效果都不是很理想,其中免疫疗法可能是<span style="color: black;">将来</span>发展的方向。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗方式的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>取决于肿瘤的位置、恶性程度、发展程度以及病人身体状态。<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌症的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,均是基于彻底清除癌细胞而不损害到其他的细胞的想法。而手术切除的方式,常<span style="color: black;">由于</span>癌细胞入侵蔓延到邻近组织或远端转移而效果有限。化疗和放射线治疗则受限于对正常组织的毒性。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>癌症的多样性,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>单一的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是不存在的。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>治疗癌症<span style="color: black;">一般</span>都是依据病程的发展而综合<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>疗法,以求达到最大的效果。例如,肿瘤的手术切除,<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>仍会并用放射线照射患处,让癌细胞能彻底被消除。<span style="color: black;">或</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>肿瘤过大,<span style="color: black;">没</span>法用手术切除,此时<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可先<span style="color: black;">运用</span>化疗缩小肿瘤后再寻求手术切除。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症的治疗<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是手术、化疗或放疗都是对身体有<span style="color: black;">极重</span><span style="color: black;">包袱</span>,并且在<span style="color: black;">出现</span>恶性转移后,<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是何种方式都是很难彻底治愈。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>在癌症的治疗仍然是人类面对的<span style="color: black;">极重</span>考验。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在2012年,大<span style="color: black;">大概</span>1,410万人得到癌症,并且<span style="color: black;">导致</span>820万人身亡,死亡人数占58%。<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可说明<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌症的治疗方式及其产生的效果不太<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>。临床上<span style="color: black;">常常</span>存在着过度治疗的现象,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是对中晚期的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,常抱着试试看的态度来<span style="color: black;">运用</span>抗癌药。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>癌症的治疗会对身体<span style="color: black;">导致</span>很大<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>不治疗反而比进行治疗好。例如,在进行前列腺癌筛检时,前列腺抗原血液检验可侦测到极微小的肿瘤,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>或许终其<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的肿瘤并不会<span style="color: black;">作为</span>危及生命的问题。只是一旦经筛检<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>都会进行进一步的检验及诊疗。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>就有可能<span style="color: black;">出现</span>过度诊疗的问题,而将病患放入不必要的并发症的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>中,如手术或放射治疗的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>及治疗可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的尿失禁、勃起功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>等。<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有<span style="color: black;">科研</span>报告指出,不化疗的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>比参与化疗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>存活时间更长。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">将来</span>展望:免疫疗法</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫疗法相对传统治疗,有一个本质<span style="color: black;">规律</span>区别:免疫疗法针对的是免疫细胞,而不是癌症细胞,<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>一味的追求完全去除或杀死癌细胞,其<span style="color: black;">目的</span>是激活人体<span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫系统来治疗癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>免疫疗法在理论上有巨大<span style="color: black;">优良</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.它不<span style="color: black;">损害</span>正常细胞,反而<span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫系统。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.<span style="color: black;">能够</span>治疗多种癌症,对<span style="color: black;">都数</span>病人都会有效。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>癌细胞进化,复发率低。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总之,人类要完全克服癌症,道阻且长。<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>正<span style="color: black;">由于</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>性,它<span style="color: black;">触及</span>到人体的方方面面。在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>攻坚克难的过程中,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>必将让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对生命有更深刻的认识。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-4e4210b839ca8026ba32cb4fe4b8e559_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">后记</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上所讲的都是站在癌症的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>来看癌症。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>站在生命进化的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>来看癌细胞,就要问,<span style="color: black;">为何</span>癌细胞对人体<span style="color: black;">导致</span>这么大的损害,人体还要让癌细胞这个bug存在呢?<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>从表面上看,在<span style="color: black;">全部</span>癌细胞形成的过程,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的免疫系统,内分泌系统都非常<span style="color: black;">协同</span>,<span style="color: black;">协同</span>形成、<span style="color: black;">协同</span>生长,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">协同</span>转移!<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>论动物还是植物身上都<span style="color: black;">保存</span>着癌基因。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">身体真的是大笨蛋吗?还是有其他迫不得已的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>组织<span style="color: black;">损害</span>就<span style="color: black;">必须</span>长出新的细胞来修复把窟窿填上,而细胞的分裂次数是有限制的,正常的细胞<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是10到50次。当细胞达到了规定的分裂次数就<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>分裂,这个时候再形成<span style="color: black;">损害</span>,这个窟窿谁来补?<span style="color: black;">因此</span>迫于<span style="color: black;">没</span>奈身体只好祭出“大招”用<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>限分裂的癌细胞来维系<span style="color: black;">存活</span>。<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>理解吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有,<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>的炎症和<span style="color: black;">损害</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>炎症部分的组织血液<span style="color: black;">没</span>法供应。营养和氧气不足使正常的组织细胞难以<span style="color: black;">存活</span>。而癌细胞大<span style="color: black;">大都是</span>用糖酵解的方式来利用能量,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在<span style="color: black;">没</span>氧的环境下活的很好。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>迫于<span style="color: black;">没</span>奈身体只好祭出“大招”用<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在<span style="color: black;">没</span>氧的环境下活的很好的癌细胞来维系<span style="color: black;">存活</span>。<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>理解吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>理解的话,那癌细胞说到底还是为了<span style="color: black;">守护</span>人体,才在迫不得已的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下产生的。要怪<span style="color: black;">亦</span>只能怪<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>自己太作<span style="color: black;">无</span>保护好自己的身体。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">道法自然,人类<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是大道的产物。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人觉得身体是父母给的,这句话<span style="color: black;">并不</span>合适,你想想你爹妈什么时候会造这么<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的东西了?最厉害的可能<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就造个飞机潜艇啥的。你父母怎么<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>手指头<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要长五个,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>大拇指要做成两节,其他四个手指头要做成三节的。你父母怎么<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>手指头上还要长出不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的指纹呢?<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的身体是天成的东西,是经过几十亿年的进化<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>形成的。父母只是在某个夜黑风高的<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span>搞了个“<span style="color: black;">起步</span>仪式”<span style="color: black;">罢了</span>,哈哈...</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">万物都遵循着大道的安排在运转。现代社会越来越高的恶性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>发病率在告诫<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>:不要去作死,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>作死真的会死!!!在大道面前,人类<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>服从和适应,怀着一颗敬畏的心去认识和探索生命,<span style="color: black;">根据</span>生命固有的规律去改造生活,好好享受这<span style="color: black;">宝贵</span>完满健康的<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考资料:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《可能是关于癌症最好的深度科普》 李治中<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">https://</span><span style="color: black;">wenku.baidu.com/view/b1</span><span style="color: black;">3698cafc0a79563c1ec5da50e2524de418d037</span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《癌症》 维基百科词条</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《癌症的机理及历程》<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">https:/</span></a>/<span style="color: black;">wenku.baidu.com/view/e0</span><span style="color: black;">1e0c329a6648d7c1c708a1284ac850ac020475</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《癌细胞》<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">https://</span><span style="color: black;">wenku.baidu.com/view/b3</span><span style="color: black;">7837212f60ddccda38a02e</span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《癌细胞十大特征》<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">https://</span><span style="color: black;">wenku.baidu.c</span></a>om/view/4b<span style="color: black;">28f155d15abe23492f4d30</span></p>
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