猪寄生虫的害处及平常驱虫办法
<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/LiacgXDWkcRM8D3pkE0czo5gJAr4ZnEnwduBxbtYiah6UbaSS9eFovWu7180uKlxdbjbr0xcIh7PIBMQdJrbYMZA/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/LiacgXDWkcRPy7uiaS4oVSD9kEguIKV0eBYTEXRia2ibPGp56mHlfDiaDsJGyFSBLv06n7ic1EcyHibia1OP6aelG82RHQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/LiacgXDWkcRPy7uiaS4oVSD9kEguIKV0eBKJRvBSUwwibvsY1qSWTmDOgmAxeLRkKOkSDnC3HcDiaaP9xAaD8AqiaGw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/LiacgXDWkcRPy7uiaS4oVSD9kEguIKV0eBFUs6RrTRVOcmSwe8cgWLHRt8wtPx8W12xZEZnAMrsKounIuiaMF8p1A/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/LiacgXDWkcRPy7uiaS4oVSD9kEguIKV0eBX2K795aGn8UrbI8cgFVwC1gmMR3F4icFU2EzlGdHqcsohgFnkzrpXQQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1 寄生虫的<span style="color: black;">害处</span></span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1.1 生长<span style="color: black;">生长</span>缓慢,饲料转化率低</span></strong><span style="color: black;">当猪群被寄生虫感染时,虽然无<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的临床症状,但这都是对猪只的慢性消耗性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,寄生虫的生长、<span style="color: black;">生长</span>和繁殖,以及维持<span style="color: black;">自己</span>的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>需求<span style="color: black;">必要</span>从猪只<span style="color: black;">身体</span>吸收足够的营养物质,从而减少了猪只本身对营养物质的吸收;<span style="color: black;">另一</span>寄生虫对胃肠道、肝脏等内脏器官的<span style="color: black;">损害</span>,又破坏了猪只对营养物质的消化、吸收和利用。猪只的健康受损且得不到充足的营养物质,必定会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>营养不良,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>消瘦,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>育肥猪而言,降低其生长速度。据<span style="color: black;">报告</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">寄生虫感染可使育肥猪生长速度降低8%~21%,饲料利用率下降13%~25%,这些消耗<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>都严重影响着猪场的利润。</strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1.2 母猪的繁殖性能下降</span></strong><span style="color: black;">虽然寄生虫<span style="color: black;">很难</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>能繁母猪死亡、流产等严重问题,但<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>后备母猪而言,生长<span style="color: black;">生长</span>受阻,尤其是影响生殖器官的<span style="color: black;">生长</span>,影响后备母猪的发情,<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了后备母猪的非正常淘汰;</strong><span style="color: black;">针对</span>怀孕母猪而言,影响胎儿<span style="color: black;">生长</span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>死亡,降低产仔数,分娩时死胎、木乃伊胎和弱仔<span style="color: black;">增加</span>;<span style="color: black;">针对</span>哺乳母猪而言,产后恢复速度慢、采食量降低、奶水不足或质量差,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>小猪生长速度慢或被交叉感染,母猪断奶后不发情。寄生虫感染可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>每头母猪平均每年少产1.2~1.5头断奶仔猪(即PSY降低1.2~1.5头)。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1.3 免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">据<span style="color: black;">科研</span></span><span style="color: black;">,寄生虫病</span><span style="color: black;">可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>机体<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>现象。一方面寄生虫感染过程中<span style="color: black;">一般</span>会使机体免疫应答现象受到<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的<span style="color: black;">控制</span>,如机体被鞭虫感染时就表现出<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>状态;另一方面寄生虫感染后吸收猪只<span style="color: black;">身体</span>营养,并破坏机体对营养物质的消化、吸收和利用,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">损害</span>内脏组织,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>免疫器官的<span style="color: black;">生长</span>受到影响,免疫系统<span style="color: black;">处在</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>状态,使机体免疫力下降且<span style="color: black;">没法</span>发挥正常免疫的功能。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1.4 诱发<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,死淘<span style="color: black;">增多</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>机体免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>或组织器官的破坏,病原微生物很容易感染,诱发<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。虱和螨虫可以<span style="color: black;">损害</span>皮肤,从而促进附红细胞体病、渗出性皮炎等的感染;蛔虫感染肠道后<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了细菌性肠炎的发病率;蛔虫的幼虫移行至肝脏时,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肝组织的<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、变性和坏死;蛔虫和肺丝虫幼虫移行至肺部时,<span style="color: black;">损害</span>肺组织,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肺炎和支气管炎。球虫感染哺乳仔猪后,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>仔猪的腹泻,表现为<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的消瘦及<span style="color: black;">生长</span>受阻,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>是死亡,断奶时残次仔猪比例<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">增加</span>。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/LiacgXDWkcRPy7uiaS4oVSD9kEguIKV0eBjsPiaFsZ7LoBxvPC4UlIia3AmSKUQ7jibr9XjhzBVWQ3aY4ju6q0yqHfg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2 猪场常用的驱虫<span style="color: black;">方法</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>规模猪场<span style="color: black;">针对</span>驱虫的<span style="color: black;">注重</span>程度和猪场寄生虫的感染<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,采取的驱虫<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有所差异,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>总结大致<span style="color: black;">能够</span>归纳为以下几种:</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1)不<span style="color: black;">定时</span>驱虫。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">猪场驱虫时<span style="color: black;">无</span>固定的时间或固定哪个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是猪群的寄生虫感染比较严重,如见到猪粪便中有蛔虫<span style="color: black;">或</span>猪只皮肤发<span style="color: black;">患病</span>变时才<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>驱虫。此时猪群已<span style="color: black;">显现</span>比较严重的临床症状,如母猪繁殖性能受影响,产仔数低、奶水不足、断奶不发情等;保育猪消瘦,育肥猪生长速度慢,饲料转化率低等,且驱虫<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不会有较好的效果。<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的猪场<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>清楚地<span style="color: black;">认识</span></span><span style="color: black;">寄生虫病的危</span><span style="color: black;">害,<span style="color: black;">也</span>或是对驱虫问题的<span style="color: black;">注重</span>程度<span style="color: black;">不足</span>,殊不知当猪群刚<span style="color: black;">起始</span>被寄生虫感染后不会有任何临床表现,但轻度的感染就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>给猪场带来了<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的经济损失,而任由感染越来越严重,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>只会给猪场带来巨大的损失。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2)一年2次驱虫<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">猪场每年在春季和秋冬季安排2次驱虫,每次驱虫时都对所有猪群进行驱虫。</strong>在每次驱虫时都有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的效果,且操作简单,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>猪场都采用此<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上,采用此<span style="color: black;">方法</span>的猪场猪群<span style="color: black;">始终</span>处在重复感染的恶性循环<span style="color: black;">其中</span>。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>此<span style="color: black;">方法</span>中间间隔时间过长(5~6个月),而大多寄生虫的生活周期都比这个时间短,如蛔虫11~13周、结节虫5~10周、鞭虫10周<span style="color: black;">上下</span>、虱2~3周等,每次驱虫后寄生虫有充足的时间<span style="color: black;">生长</span>成熟并进行排卵,对猪舍<span style="color: black;">导致</span>污染,驱虫过后不久猪群又被重复感染,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>一年两次驱虫<span style="color: black;">方法</span>的效果并<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3)<span style="color: black;">周期</span>驱虫<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">猪场<strong style="color: blue;">针对各个日龄的仔猪和各个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的成年猪进行固定的驱虫。</strong><span style="color: black;">日前</span>猪场常用的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>为:后备母猪引种后第3周和合群前10 d<span style="color: black;">上下</span>各驱虫一次;怀孕母猪产前15~20 d驱虫一次;保育后期驱虫一次;种公猪一年驱虫2~3次。此<span style="color: black;">方法</span>能在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>寄生虫的传播和感染,其中母猪产前15~20 d驱虫一次是其中的关键,母猪到仔猪寄生虫最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>传播途径得到了很好的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。但种母猪一年约驱虫2次,驱虫间隔时间过长,驱虫强度<span style="color: black;">不足</span>,母猪仍被重复感染。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>这种<span style="color: black;">方法</span>操作相对较为<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,实施起来较为困难。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4)“四加一”驱虫<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">“四”<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>种公猪和种母猪一年驱虫4次,“一”是保育后期驱虫一次,后备母猪合群前驱虫一次。种公猪和种母猪间隔3个月驱虫一次,可有效地杀灭未成熟的寄生虫,避免虫卵的污染和传播,较好地切断母猪到仔猪这一传播途径;保育<span style="color: black;">周期</span>仔猪消化系统和免疫系统均为<span style="color: black;">生长</span>成熟,是最容易被感染的时期,在保育后期驱虫一次可有效地减少感染以及其向肥猪传染。后备母猪合群前驱虫一次,可有效减少将寄生虫带入<span style="color: black;">全部</span>母猪群的几率,降低经产母猪被感染的风险。此<span style="color: black;">方法</span>能很好的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>寄生虫的传播,减少了反复感染的机会,是较上面3种驱虫<span style="color: black;">方法</span>更为理想的一种。在<span style="color: black;">实质</span>中,采用此<span style="color: black;">方法</span>猪场的猪群仍有被感染的<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>,寄生虫并未得到真正的净化。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/LiacgXDWkcRPy7uiaS4oVSD9kEguIKV0eBeKrWnTmxn2wbkow3Kv7DxicTTShAlGLM2LCyKmBFUXKBg4gJjZy7tbw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/LiacgXDWkcRPy7uiaS4oVSD9kEguIKV0eBNHUveav59icPEOwt3ZxCqCkNTLuWCCNYTbV6un0CRwFrb8eZC5LK8kw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span> | 猪业科学</span><span style="color: black;">编辑 | 张 平</span><span style="color: black;">审核 | 匡星星 张 鑫</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">●END●</span></strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/LiacgXDWkcRNLpnJMZhnWiah6u9Ldgc1bmfvXzIZDcVRCiaQJdLD8231cysatfaOE0WTbtWkiaibGcqquamqP61TBGw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">恒通动保</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">匠心恒 通<span style="color: black;">将来</span></span><span style="color: black;">唯有以匠心待之,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>将平凡的事做到不平凡</span>我深受你的启发,你的话语是我前进的动力。 真情实感,其含义为认真了、走心了的意思,是如今的饭圈常用语。
页:
[1]