219mze 发表于 2024-8-9 17:57:46

现代化牧场的有害生物综合治理


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/LX4S2zESxYvKRY6r3RXvOLRibk5Z8EmuvqticWvkXHlozzOdYic4ic7nR5n2T4ib6SUjADic056a1EsDy5UgegBF4GgA/0?wx_fmt=gif&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">高温季节奶牛场内蚊蝇较多,但许多奶牛养殖户对蚊蝇的<span style="color: black;">害处</span>并<span style="color: black;">无</span>给予足够<span style="color: black;">注重</span>,认为夏天有蚊子和苍蝇是正常现象,对其厌恶之余多置之<span style="color: black;">不睬</span>。殊不知,蚊蝇本身携带有<span style="color: black;">海量</span>致病菌,是养殖场内许多传染性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>传播的重要媒介,对奶牛场生产的影响不容小觑。我国奶牛栏舍多以开放式栏舍为主,蚊蝇防控难度大,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>科学有效地防蝇灭蚊是奶牛养殖场夏季<span style="color: black;">必要</span>面对的<span style="color: black;">实质</span>题。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">蚊蝇侵害对牧场的<span style="color: black;">困惑</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">表现</span>在以下几个方面:&nbsp;</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">● 产奶量下降</strong>:奶牛舒适度下降、采食量下降、直接影响牧场的经济效益。&nbsp;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">● 传播<span style="color: black;">疾患</span></strong>:乳房炎、红眼病、口蹄疫、犊牛腹泻等滋生,侵害奶牛健康。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">● 牧场内外环境差</strong>:蚊蝇嗡嗡叮扰<span style="color: black;">持续</span>,逼得牛儿满场跑,工作人员心烦乱。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">● 饲料浪费</strong>:奶牛在<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>时<span style="color: black;">持续</span>甩饲料以驱赶苍蝇,饲料损失触目惊心。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">● 公众影响</strong>:环境<span style="color: black;">守护</span>和乳品安全压力<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,影响国人对中国奶业生产安全的<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LX4S2zESxYu1gQjY4TtXhgpp3JiaW4IQlOwIpGz092dn9vWUy73OWnwstTDbJ15kVNgfK0gwfStbvguvL4GxUxQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">蚊蝇侵害对牧场饲料浪费的损失<span style="color: black;">状况</span></span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>美国DAIRY HERD在2009年针对美国30家牧场做的系列调查标明,奶牛“甩饲料”这一看似简单的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>却给牧场带来巨大的经济损失。奶牛场里,奶牛会在<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>时用饲料<span style="color: black;">或</span>泥土等物质用于驱蝇,在有苍蝇骚扰的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,奶牛<span style="color: black;">更易</span>学会这一本能<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">以下的数据是基于实地观察得来的:</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当每头动物<span style="color: black;">周边</span>有1-150只苍蝇时,每30头牛中会有1头学会甩饲料;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当每头动物<span style="color: black;">周边</span>有151-350只苍蝇时,每20头牛中会有1头学会甩饲料;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当每头动物<span style="color: black;">周边</span>有350-2000只苍蝇时,每15头牛中会有1头学会甩饲料;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当每头动物<span style="color: black;">周边</span>有2000只以上的苍蝇时,每10头牛中会有1头学会甩饲料;&nbsp;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一头牛<span style="color: black;">一般</span>每次甩出4-6盎司(113-170克)饲料,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>以下的数据,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看出牧场一天会<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>损失多少饲料。</span><strong style="color: blue;">这个表格是基于1000头奶牛的数据:</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LX4S2zESxYu1gQjY4TtXhgpp3JiaW4IQlB99picKC50ribpdMqshCibnqjrLZBMFA1E2JTXfOibj8icxPr6ahsnRMIMg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>估算出蚊蝇<span style="color: black;">太多</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的奶牛“甩饲料”<span style="color: black;">每日</span>从<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的口袋里偷走了多少钱!更<span style="color: black;">不消</span>说损害奶牛健康,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>产奶量下降<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>奶牛因病被淘汰的巨大损失了!</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">据美国调查数据,2005~2009年间,&nbsp;单厩螫蝇而言,&nbsp;就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>造<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>美国养牛产业平均每年&nbsp;22亿美金的损失,而对乳品业<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,每年的经济损失估计值达到了3.6亿美金!</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">牧场<span style="color: black;">到底</span>应该<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>进行蚊蝇防控呢?</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;">1:蚊蝇防控工作<span style="color: black;">起步</span>时间和防控对象非常重要!</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以牧场最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的家蝇为例,来分析苍蝇的生命周期。家蝇的生命周期从卵<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">生长</span>成幼虫、蛹、最后<span style="color: black;">生长</span>为成虫。在最适宜<span style="color: black;">存活</span>的温暖夏季,家蝇从卵<span style="color: black;">生长</span>到成虫只<span style="color: black;">必须</span>10-14天时间。(如图所示)&nbsp;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LX4S2zESxYu1gQjY4TtXhgpp3JiaW4IQlICYXjtHBdUJZO0P6aZHDz8awRl0R9Hh3RWfJCgicWK1CuIBe0mYkwXQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不难<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,卵、幼虫和蛹这三个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>成虫而言,生命力、行动能力和危害程度都相对有限,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能在这个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>将苍蝇在</span><strong style="color: blue;">卵期<span style="color: black;">或</span>幼虫期</strong><strong style="color: blue;">就大面积杀灭</strong><span style="color: black;">,那就会<span style="color: black;">极重</span>地降低牧场蚊蝇的总量,到了牧场蚊蝇滋生的猖獗期得<span style="color: black;">7、</span>八月份,</span><strong style="color: blue;">牧场在蚊蝇防控方面所面临的压力和投入就会<span style="color: black;">极重</span>地降低。</strong>&nbsp;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">蚊蝇防控在卵、幼虫和蛹<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的防治难度很大,这个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的蚊蝇<span style="color: black;">生长</span>周期较短,又在<span style="color: black;">持续</span>的变换形态,<strong style="color: blue;">消杀<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>的<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>就难以取得良好的效果</strong>,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>牧场牛粪堆<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是蚊蝇防控的巨大屏障,尚<span style="color: black;">处在</span>卵和幼虫<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的蚊蝇<span style="color: black;">常常</span>能够成功的躲过消杀,羽化为成虫,肆意的对牧场进行滋扰和<span style="color: black;">害处</span>。&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span>,当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>到牧场存在苍蝇的时候,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>说明苍蝇<span style="color: black;">已然</span>到了爆发期<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>爆发了,这个时候侧重去杀卵和幼虫显然<span style="color: black;">已然</span>来不及,<strong style="color: blue;">牧场<span style="color: black;">一般</span>忙碌在<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>快速<span style="color: black;">处理</span>掉乌秧乌秧的成虫才更为关键,</strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span>说:治标代替了治本,惶惶乎提起牧场里的苍蝇们只能无可奈何。</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LX4S2zESxYu1gQjY4TtXhgpp3JiaW4IQlG3JRXQfamW8ZBjEtOmbkOZ5ViboXOic4ozlR4hZ5oI1G774j0YdwuryA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>来<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>的数据:</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如在华北地区,家蝇一年能繁殖约10~12代,<span style="color: black;">根据</span>最保守的估计,每只雌蝇能产生200个后代,则100只雌蝇只需经过10个世代,<strong style="color: blue;">繁殖的总蝇数将达到2万亿亿个!&nbsp;</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LX4S2zESxYu1gQjY4TtXhgpp3JiaW4IQljDichXbbLD6BOFV6VqL3wb9xnWc8xkrB0p43vLNfYNSMh8sQ09FfYeQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></strong><span style="color: black;">从<span style="color: black;">实质</span>的防治经验<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,每多杀死一只苍蝇成虫,就相当于减少一只产卵<span style="color: black;">设备</span>和它在<span style="color: black;">将来</span>10-14天所羽化出来的后代。而针<span style="color: black;">针对</span>卵、幼虫和蛹<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,即便是杀死80%, 剩余的20% 苍蝇幼虫羽化为苍蝇成虫,</span><strong style="color: blue;">其强大的繁殖能力<span style="color: black;">亦</span>将使牧场陷入无休止的骚扰之中。&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由此可见,蚊蝇防治至关重要的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">即时</span>有效得消灭卵、幼虫、蛹,这是牧场蚊蝇<span style="color: black;">害处</span>的罪魁祸首</strong>。牧场蚊蝇防控的首要任务<span style="color: black;">便是</span>越早越好<span style="color: black;">起步</span>杀灭蚊蝇的卵、幼虫、蛹为主,稳健<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>羽化的成虫为辅,形成良性循环,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>取得比较理想的蚊蝇防治效果。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;<strong style="color: blue;">2:牧场蚊蝇防控的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>标靶是牛体本身</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;<span style="color: black;">牧场蚊蝇防控<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的安全性<span style="color: black;">选取</span>牵涉到奶品安全,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>简单的套用<span style="color: black;">通常</span>公共卫生场所的消杀模式。</span><strong style="color: blue;">牧场里的奶牛是核心生产<span style="color: black;">设备</span>,落在牛体身上和饲喂区的苍蝇是直接影响奶牛产奶量并<span style="color: black;">导致</span>多种资源浪费的根源,</strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">有效</span>的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>住蚊蝇对奶牛牛体的侵害是牧场蚊蝇防控标本兼治的关键。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>蚊蝇防控的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>能够直接喷射在牛体上,减少蚊蝇对奶牛牛体的侵害,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>又能够对饲喂区进行安全有效的蚊蝇防控,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做到标本兼治! &nbsp;</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LX4S2zESxYu1gQjY4TtXhgpp3JiaW4IQlBVppvJOee48icZnyzzlQAYLuibQxYibl3RK3micoRTAWsZiaHKicY7CCDrxA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">蚊蝇综合防控<span style="color: black;">办法</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">蚊蝇繁殖<span style="color: black;">快速</span>,春季是蚊蝇滋生的重要<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">在春季不加以<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>,一个蚊蝇将会繁殖<span style="color: black;">作为</span>千万个。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,牧场灭蚊蝇工作如从春季开展,则可起到事半功倍的效果。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对蚊蝇生物学特征及生活习性的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,在奶牛场内可采取以下蚊蝇防控<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">成功控蝇 从幼虫抓起</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">成功控蝇的关键是清楚地<span style="color: black;">认识</span>苍蝇的生物学特点。盛夏时节,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>从幼虫期完全变态成形的苍蝇给<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>带来了太多<span style="color: black;">困惑</span>。成年家蝇的存活时间相当长<span style="color: black;">况且</span>生殖周期不到10天,苍蝇卵能够在24小时内<span style="color: black;">快速</span>孵化,而幼虫(蛆)<span style="color: black;">必须</span>温暖潮湿的环境才得以<span style="color: black;">存活</span>,它们<span style="color: black;">必须</span>寻找粪堆、洒出的饲料<span style="color: black;">败北</span>堆、排水沟等理想环境生长和化蛹。大约3~4天后,幼虫(蛆) 进入蛹的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>温度保持在29.4摄氏度以上,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>新的苍蝇将在短短的3天内<span style="color: black;">显现</span>。成蝇只<span style="color: black;">表率</span>苍蝇数量山峰的约20%,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>苍蝇幼虫<span style="color: black;">才可</span>彻底、有效的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>苍蝇。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">环境整治</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">搞好场内环境卫生是<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>蚊蝇滋生的<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>,通<span style="color: black;">过对奶牛场进行环境整治,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效减少蚊蝇滋生地,<span style="color: black;">从而</span>从<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上对蚊蝇进行防控。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">粪污<span style="color: black;">即时</span>正确处理、<strong style="color: blue;">清除场内及周边杂草和死水水面</strong></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>犊牛舍卧床垫料<span style="color: black;">一般</span>为稻草,<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>牛场的清理工作做得非常不到位,有机稻草加上牛粪和潮湿的环境,犊牛舍<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一个<span style="color: black;">不易</span>被“打扰”的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>苍蝇幼虫(蛆)的<span style="color: black;">海量</span>滋生。每周应<span style="color: black;">定时</span>清理犊牛围栏,看卧床<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有幼虫(蛆)<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,以此消灭草垫中<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的苍蝇幼虫。牛舍内还有几个<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点,如饮水槽<span style="color: black;">周边</span>和牛栏的边缘。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>粪便未能<span style="color: black;">即时</span>清理<span style="color: black;">导致</span>堆积,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>自由散栏牛舍和散放牛舍<span style="color: black;">亦</span>容易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>苍蝇的<span style="color: black;">海量</span>滋生。<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">即时</span>清理粪便、饲料、稻草等苍蝇繁殖的有机载体。“环境卫生”是<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>蚊蝇的关键手段。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">生活工作垃圾<span style="color: black;">选定</span>投放,清除卫生死角</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">场内工作人员的生活工作垃圾应<span style="color: black;">选定</span>投放,并<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">无害处理。要经常彻底打扫场内卫生,不留死角,防止蚊蝇滋生。牧场内厕所<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>不<span style="color: black;">运用</span>旱厕,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是旱厕,话应保持清洁卫生,严禁人粪尿堆积。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">经常清洗食槽、水槽,加强精料保管</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">夏季食槽应<span style="color: black;">每日</span>清理一次,水槽应2~3天清理一<span style="color: black;">次,防止饲料残渣累积霉变滋生蚊蝇。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,夏季饲料配比应降低甜、腥物质的含量,现配现用,精料存放时<span style="color: black;">重视</span>干燥,不<span style="color: black;">露出</span>在空气中,防止蚊蝇污染。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>防疫消毒</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">消毒<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是养殖场环境管理和卫生防疫的重要内容。<span style="color: black;">坚持<span style="color: black;">平常</span>防疫消毒制度是奶牛场预防传<span style="color: black;">患病</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>最有效和最重要的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>之一。夏季牧场的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>消毒工作要加强蚊蝇防控方面的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在<span style="color: black;">增多</span>消毒次数、蚊蝇聚集栖息地用药、蚊</span><span style="color: black;">蝇滋生地喷药等方面下功夫。在蚊蝇活动猖獗的7~9</span><span style="color: black;">月份,必要时可<span style="color: black;">选取</span>在<span style="color: black;">平常</span>消毒时用驱灭蚊蝇<span style="color: black;">药品</span>喷洒牛体,以杀灭或驱赶蚊蝇。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>牧场内易聚集栖息蚊蝇的场所,应加强清洗和消毒,未断奶犊牛栏和产房是蚊蝇较多的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这两个<span style="color: black;">地区</span>环境较脏,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>气味腥臭,容易吸引蚊蝇,应加强这两个<span style="color: black;">地区</span>的卫生清洗和消毒工作,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>喷洒灭蚊蝇<span style="color: black;">药品</span>进行专项消毒,苍蝇数量繁多难以<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>时,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>悬挂粘蝇板等<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">快速</span>降低苍蝇数量。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>水沟、粪污池、青贮窖排水口等蚊蝇滋生地,应<span style="color: black;">定时</span>喷洒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,防止蚊蝇<span style="color: black;">海量</span>滋生。灭蚊蝇<span style="color: black;">药品</span>应优先<span style="color: black;">选取</span>低毒<span style="color: black;">有效</span>的杀虫剂,避免或<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>减少对人畜健康和生态环境的不良影响。常用的杀虫剂有菊酯类杀虫剂、马拉硫磷、敌百虫、昆虫激素等,但<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>会使蚊蝇产生<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的抗药性和耐受性,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>最好交替<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">安排好喷雾灭蝇工作 <span style="color: black;">掌控</span>成年蝇的数量</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>苍蝇的繁殖期较短且繁殖率较高,它们在较<span style="color: black;">短期</span>内便可对杀虫剂产生抗药性,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>在<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>灭蝇<span style="color: black;">周期</span>采用<span style="color: black;">区别</span>种类的化学杀虫剂,例如,在用了有机磷杀虫剂后应该用菊酯类的杀虫剂。<span style="color: black;">全部</span>季节<span style="color: black;">连续</span>地交替<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>类别的灭蝇药,使控蝇工作的效率最大化。值得一提,在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>任何杀虫剂之前,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要仔细阅读<span style="color: black;">运用</span>说明并且严格<span style="color: black;">根据</span>指定的操作步奏进行,不要为了省钱而稀释溶液,遵循正确的兑制和搅拌<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,清楚化学试剂的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>警告和贮存说明等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">采取滞留性喷洒</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">千万不可污染到饲料<span style="color: black;">或</span>饮水,大晴天和高温容易分解杀虫剂,下雨天容易将杀虫剂冲掉,这些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>都应<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到。滞留性喷洒应该<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>规律的间隔期进行重复喷洒,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>苍蝇的栖息地,首选是<span style="color: black;">白日</span>的向阳处,其次是建筑物内部<span style="color: black;">或</span>屋檐下,蝇屎污点<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>说明苍蝇的窝点。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">滞留性喷洒(Residualspray)<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>表面喷洒,将杀虫剂直接喷洒在需处理的表面,用于防治在已处理表面上的害虫,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>在已处理过的表面上爬行的爬虫和栖息在这些表面上的飞虫。表面喷洒既<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在喷洒时直接<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在喷洒后某一时段内,害虫与滞留表面的杀虫剂接触而间接地产生<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,这一时段的长短取决于该杀虫剂的持久活性,即滞留<span style="color: black;">功效</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">空间喷洒</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是<span style="color: black;">快速</span>降低室内外虫害密度最有效的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,室内处理可用手动喷雾器、手提式超低容量喷雾器或热烟雾机,室外处理可用车载喷雾器,手提式器械可用于车辆进不去的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>。较小剂量气雾杀虫剂,可杀死接触雾滴的虫害,这种方式<span style="color: black;">无</span>残效。大清早是空间喷洒处理蝇类的最佳时间,此时蝇类聚集在它们的夜间栖息地,且温度较低。过了这段时间后蝇类已扩散,杀虫剂气雾可被温度<span style="color: black;">提升</span>高的气流带走。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">化学消杀</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在一类区域,即孳生地如奶牛运动场、粪污分离区、积粪场、氧化溏、生活区、污水区、员工厕所等,蚊蝇防控以蝇蚊幼虫(蝇蛆和孑孓)杀灭为主,成虫杀灭为辅;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在二类区域,即易于停落处如奶厅外侧、饲料库外侧、办公及住宿区等区域,苍蝇易于停落和栖息处,则以<span style="color: black;">药品</span>滞留喷洒,杀灭成虫为主。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">用药流程:</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>用药区域<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>喷雾设备。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>喷药场所<span style="color: black;">很强</span>较深,如牛粪堆积场,氧化塘(化粪池),牛舍、饲料厅、挤奶厅的外墙壁上等场所,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>大型设备;小型区域和不方便大型设备区域,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选择</span>手动或电动背负式喷雾设备。除非应付突发<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,适合用弥雾喷雾,<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>均利用中粗雾(即大雾粒)喷洒。喷洒时<span style="color: black;">必须</span>把处理表面喷到湿润流水为宜。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">用药频次:</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>,在蚊蝇纷飞季节,无论杀灭幼虫还是成虫,7-10天均需<span style="color: black;">运用</span>一次;连续阴雨天停用,雨停之后<span style="color: black;">即时</span>补药;密度<span style="color: black;">很强</span>时,可适当<span style="color: black;">增多</span>用药频次。计划喷施<span style="color: black;">药品</span>时,先查看风向,风力以及天气预报,以达到有效喷药来<span style="color: black;">增多</span>灭蝇的效率和降低灭蝇的财务支出。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">详细</span>用药流程:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.</span><span style="color: black;">配药:作业人员做好防护后,配药前用清水清洗喷雾设备后,灌入二分之一的清水后,加入计算好的药剂,搅拌均匀加水补齐,再次搅拌后<span style="color: black;">就可</span>喷雾。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(清洗设备后加水)</span><span style="color: black;">(加入计算好的药剂)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一类区域用药重点用蚊蝇双杀 灭幼型</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(牛粪堆积场)用大型喷雾器,尽可能的沿堆积场<span style="color: black;">周边</span>向里喷药,牛粪边缘区域——<span style="color: black;">包含</span>牛粪边缘内外各两米内区域再重点施药,防止蝇蛆外出化蛹。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(牛舍清粪口)宜从内侧向外施药,以减少对牛的影响</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(窨井) 宜向里边及四壁喷药,防止蚊蝇幼虫等孳生</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(</span><span style="color: black;">出粪口) 人站立的出粪口区域,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>宜全面施药</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(场内水粪坑) 能填平尽可能填平,如<span style="color: black;">没法</span>填平,须<span style="color: black;">定时</span>施药,杀灭蚊蝇幼虫</span><span style="color: black;">(污水沟)沟内和两侧墙壁须<span style="color: black;">定时</span>施药,防止蚊蝇幼虫孳生</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(氧化塘)宜用大型设备向里边喷洒,防止蚊蝇幼虫孳生,污水边缘和四侧土墙宜重点用药,防止蝇蛆外出化蛹</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>牧场内有员工旱厕,则粪池和池壁要全面重点用药。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">二类区域蚊蝇成虫防控</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(奶厅及饲料库、办公房等)外侧四侧墙壁上,在苍蝇易于停落的高度范围,全面用药;尤其在阳面重点用药,因苍蝇<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>喜光性。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">用后清洗设备,操作人员<span style="color: black;">即时</span>脱下工作服并清洗自己。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">安装驱虫灯</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">蚊虫对黄色光<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>厌光性,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>利用这一特性<span style="color: black;">来驱赶蚊虫。夏季蚊蝇较多时,可<span style="color: black;">选取</span>在室内和牛舍内安装抗紫外线灯管,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>夜间蚊虫就会因害怕黄色光线而趋避逃离。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">植树栽花种草</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在牧场内<span style="color: black;">选取</span>性地种植有特殊气味的树木花草,如<span style="color: black;">枕树、山苍子树、<span style="color: black;">番茄</span>、夜来香、菊花、玫瑰等,不仅<span style="color: black;">能够</span>遮阴美化环境,还可吸附牧场异味,并有效驱逐蚊蝇。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">其他</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在饲料中添加特殊<span style="color: black;">成份</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>对粪便中的苍蝇幼虫<span style="color: black;">有很好的<span style="color: black;">控制</span>和杀灭<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,但<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到乳制品安全<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,应<span style="color: black;">选取</span>安全<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,<span style="color: black;">小心</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>。还可喂服或牛体喷洒维生素B1,使牛体产生一种蚊子不敢接近的特殊气味,可有效驱赶蚊虫。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">夏季蚊蝇、病菌<span style="color: black;">等易<span style="color: black;">海量</span>滋生,严重影响牧场正常生产,要对蚊蝇防控<span style="color: black;">导致</span>足够<span style="color: black;">注重</span>,<span style="color: black;">牢靠</span>树立春季<span style="color: black;">起始</span>灭蚊蝇的观念,并因场制宜、因地制宜、因时制宜,采取一系列防控<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,将夏季蚊蝇<span style="color: black;">害处</span>降到最低,以<span style="color: black;">加强</span>奶牛养殖水平。</span></span></p>
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j8typz 发表于 2024-10-4 11:12:49

回顾历史,我们感慨万千;放眼未来,我们信心百倍。

1fy07h 发表于 2024-10-8 07:50:28

一看到楼主的气势,我就觉得楼主同在社区里灌水。

nykek5i 发表于 2024-10-22 16:36:05

楼主的文章深得我心,表示由衷的感谢!

m5k1umn 发表于 2024-11-6 09:01:02

你的见解独到,让我受益匪浅,非常感谢。
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