孤独症语言阻碍有哪几种表现形式?语言治疗训练过程中家长有哪些平常误区
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">孤独症是一种<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的神经<span style="color: black;">生长</span><span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>,起病于<span style="color: black;">生长</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在3岁以内发病。在临床上,有孤独症类似特征的,起病于儿童期的神经<span style="color: black;">生长</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>被归类<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为孤独症谱系<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>。是以沟通交流<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>、<span style="color: black;">行径</span>刻板<span style="color: black;">或</span>是兴趣狭窄为<span style="color: black;">重点</span>表现的一组广泛性<span style="color: black;">生长</span><span style="color: black;">阻碍</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的总<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240705/d35b2c21f5ea438daec0f341a4361f9a.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">NO.1、孤独症语言<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>的表现</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">孤独症语言<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>表现多样,且因人而异,但以下是<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的典型特征:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">01.语言<span style="color: black;">生长</span>迟缓或缺失</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">孤独症儿童<span style="color: black;">常常</span>存在<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的语言<span style="color: black;">生长</span>迟缓现象。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>可能很晚才<span style="color: black;">起始</span>说话,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>到了<span style="color: black;">必定</span>年龄仍然不会说话。有些儿童虽然具备语言能力,但语言缺乏交流性质,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>只是重复别人的话<span style="color: black;">或</span>自言自语。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">02.言语理解和表达困难</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">孤独症儿童在理解和表达语言方面存在困难。他们可能<span style="color: black;">没法</span>准确理解别人的意思,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>难以将自己的想法或需求清晰地表达出来。这<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>在社交互动中难以与他人进行有效的沟通。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240705/7ec433f73ca5472c8416d47980eb290c.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">03.语音和语调<span style="color: black;">反常</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">孤独症儿童的语音和语调可能存在<span style="color: black;">反常</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的声音可能单调、无节奏或音量过高或过低。这种<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的语音和语调可能使<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的语言听起来不自然,难以理解。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">04.缺乏非言语沟通技能</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了语言<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>外,孤独症儿童还可能在非言语沟通方面存在困难。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>可能不善于<span style="color: black;">运用</span>肢体语言、面部表情或眼神交流来传达信息或情感。这进一步加剧了<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在社交互动中的沟通<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">05.语言重复和刻板</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">孤独症儿童常常表现出语言的重复和刻板。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>可能会重复别人的话或自己说过的话,<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>固定的、缺乏变化的短语或句子。这种语言的重复和刻板不仅影响了<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的沟通能力,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>限制了<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的语言发展和学习。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240705/efd3515c12bd47bd9ee3f8ca01256ef3.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">NO.2、语言训练的误区</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在孤独症儿童语言治疗的过程中,语言训练是很重要的环节,但<span style="color: black;">不可</span>操之过急,要<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>的<span style="color: black;">实质</span>认知能力。家长们要学会避免以下几个语言训练误区,少走弯路!!!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">误区一:做了“口肌训练”,<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>就能开口说话</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">口肌训练主要针对发音器官运动<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>训练下颚骨、唇部和舌头的肌肉力量和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>能力,来改善发音说话及<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>技巧。并不是所有“不会说话”或是“说不清楚”的<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进行口肌训练,有些<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>理解和表达能力达不到语言发展<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的应有能力才不会说话。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">口肌训练不是万能的,它对儿童的言语治疗是起着辅助性<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>进行口肌干预,会耽误<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>的宝贵治疗时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">误区二:<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>刚开口说话就去纠正发音</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>刚学会开口,有些家长会急于求成,强行<span style="color: black;">需求</span>让<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>发出正确的音,这很容易<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>在训练过程中受到挫折而对语言产生畏惧。在前期的训练中,家长应该<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">孩儿</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>语言的<span style="color: black;">愉快</span>。当<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>愿意<span style="color: black;">经过</span>语言表达需求时,即使不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>说的清,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要马上给予满足,<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>表现出欣喜的表情。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">误区三:只强调语言训练,<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>其他辅助训练</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“只要<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>会说话了,一切就都好了”,有些家长会过度强调<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>模仿说话,而<span style="color: black;">忽略</span><span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>主动表达运用语言和沟通能力,但其实会说话并不等于会交流。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">孤独症儿童属于广泛性发展<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>特点是广泛性和弥散性的,全面发展是训练过程中应遵守的基本原则。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:www.fok120.com</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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