外贸人的工资到底应该怎么算?
<img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/Rd4PuviEspfXQF~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723993525&x-signature=2TrMWI%2BtzvoREx%2ByuZ9GcxPNCM4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前些日子抽空跟外贸学员们聊天,有一个<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span><span style="color: black;">说到</span>他的薪资<span style="color: black;">薪水</span>,听完我忍不住苦笑:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">都9012年了,还有<span style="color: black;">这般</span>定薪酬的传统<span style="color: black;">机构</span>??</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但我<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>绝对不少。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>先来<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>是什么样的薪酬体系:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">假设外贸<span style="color: black;">机构</span>基本底薪是在2000元,提<span style="color: black;">作为</span>3%</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在月初定下<span style="color: black;">目的</span>假设是50W,若是完<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>业绩,则底薪升级3200元,提成3%外,超过部分算作奖金。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而更让我惊讶的是,业务员居然觉得<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的设定是<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我实在想敲敲你们的脑袋,告诉你,你真的不会算账!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>这么说?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">01.</strong><strong style="color: blue;">从整体上</strong><strong style="color: blue;">把握薪资</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">事情<span style="color: black;">常常</span>不是你们想的<span style="color: black;">那样</span>简单的,账<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是这么算的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">你想啊,这个招数<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>真的<span style="color: black;">那样</span>好,难道其他老板都是笨蛋么?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这一套薪酬架构,我完全<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做得更加巧妙,给你设置梯度,让你觉得更<span style="color: black;">挣钱</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">给你2000底薪,全勤奖200,手机<span style="color: black;">补助</span>100,餐费<span style="color: black;">补助</span>200,出差<span style="color: black;">花费</span>报销,除此之外,我还有一大堆的优厚福利。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">奖金的部分,我再给你细化。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>说只要之前没下单的客户,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>业务员能让这些客户来<span style="color: black;">机构</span>拜访,我直接奖励他200现金。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>许你<span style="color: black;">不可</span>理解,但你想想看:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">假设几个业务员,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>一年能带100组客户来<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,每一次我奖励200,一年下来,我<span style="color: black;">必须</span>支付20000块。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有<span style="color: black;">无</span>可能这100组新客户,一个都不下单,一个都没下文?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是完全不可能的,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>概率极低。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>而言,有100个客户来<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,总会有<span style="color: black;">那样</span>二三十个是能够下单的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这么长远一看,那两万块钱算什么?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>要学会从长远<span style="color: black;">方向</span>上<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>问题,而不是觉得有两三个客户来,这两三个客户都没下单,就觉得<span style="color: black;">机构</span>亏了,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>再这么下去了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">账不是这么算的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>会提出疑问,在<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的制度下,业务员会不会钻空子,天天带客户,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>就不成交?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然有可能啊,但除非这个业务员,找到几百个老外,正好住在你所在的城市,天天做群众演员。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">客户来中国,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>多少钱买机票住酒店?<span style="color: black;">必须</span>多少时间成本和机会成本?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相比起来,吃饭,接送,请客,送礼,都是很小很小的事情。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>一个好的业务员,慢慢会琢磨出经验,<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,只要有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>业务经费和充分的预算,接单<span style="color: black;">并不</span>难。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">02.看似高工资</strong><strong style="color: blue;">实则只能忽悠新人</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">再回到<span style="color: black;">刚才</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>说的薪酬体系。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我给业务员的提成是<span style="color: black;">营销</span>额1%,再引入KPI考核,达到绩效,提成升到3%,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>再给你搞梯度提成。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>你设定业绩300w,那我给你搞梯度提成,300-500万部分,给你3.2%,500万业绩以上的部分,给你3.5%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">业绩部分给你做拆解,我随便计算器给你一敲,只要你完成这些<span style="color: black;">目的</span>,我再给你描绘一个蓝图。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">你会觉得:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">年薪50w<span style="color: black;">基本</span>不是梦啊,完全可行!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">那问题来了,这一整套看似<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的薪酬架构<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>激励性,但<span style="color: black;">为何</span>我说这一套只能忽悠新人?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>说bug在哪里。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>面最大的漏洞,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>底薪过低。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">真正有经验的业务员,是不可能被忽悠的,有经验的业务员会怎么思考这个问题?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>我去这位<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>求职,他老板招揽我,我就会这么想:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">机构</span>给我2000块的底薪,一年<span style="color: black;">便是</span>24000,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>我不要这份底薪,我损失24000。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">那<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不要底薪,我自己做业务soho,这个<span style="color: black;">机构</span>相当于是我的供应商,我还要拿什么提成?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我自己就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>拿走<span style="color: black;">所有</span>的利润,<span style="color: black;">为何</span>要跟你分?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我只要一年能做一个订单,自己的底薪就赚回来了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能做两个三个订单,这些全是我自己的利润,远超过给你打工<span style="color: black;">那样</span>一点点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>症结所在了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">03.人总是</strong><strong style="color: blue;">趋利避害的</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">那<span style="color: black;">为何</span>底薪<span style="color: black;">加强</span>,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>这个问题?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>很简单,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>人的<span style="color: black;">心理</span>都是趋利避害的,绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人都会<span style="color: black;">选取</span>稳定和安全。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人的抗<span style="color: black;">危害</span>能力<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,当<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>给你4000<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>5000底薪的时候,你或许会觉得,打工是个不错的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>收入稳定,抗<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,等到了淡季,靠底薪<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>过日子。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">旺季的时候,提成收入<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不差。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>多少会投入<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>的平台,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>展会和电商平台。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>在<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>平台的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,比自己一个人去接单要容易<span style="color: black;">有些</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>底薪过低,就很难了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我有一个学员在深圳,他老板原先底薪是给5000块,提成是毛利的30%,他做的挺好,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很开心。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">后来,他老板提出改变薪酬制度,改成零底薪,提成是毛利的55%,其他一切不变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">他自己合算了下,只要他业绩能跟去年持平,在新制度下,收入反而<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>20%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但<span style="color: black;">最后</span>的结果呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个政策执行没多久,所有员工都跑光了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>的<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>垮了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>都<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>这个漏洞,反正零底薪,我<span style="color: black;">为何</span>要拿你55%的毛利?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我<span style="color: black;">为何</span>不自己干,拿100%毛利?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">后来他去了上海,走我当年的路,去了采购办工作,如今他是台湾最大的贸易<span style="color: black;">机构</span>testrite采购总监。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">04.过于精明</strong><strong style="color: blue;">难以<span style="color: black;">很久</span>发展</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>回到刚才的<span style="color: black;">专题</span>,这个<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>的老板其实在做一个稳赚不赔的生意。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最坏<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,业务员做不出一个订单,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>一年<span style="color: black;">亦</span>只<span style="color: black;">必须</span>支付24000块<span style="color: black;">罢了</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>在<span style="color: black;">无</span>订单的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,业务员<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不可能完全不<span style="color: black;">办事</span>,还是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>跟跟单,打打杂。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这太便宜了,24000块就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>雇佣<span style="color: black;">低价</span>劳动力做一年。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赚死了!在外面这个薪水都<span style="color: black;">不足</span>请跟单员的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">业务员还可<span style="color: black;">以避免</span>费做这些工作,做出了业绩,老板<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能拿走大头。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">业务员还觉得很开心,觉得老板的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>不错。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>话说回来,这种算盘,的确老板很安全,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>稳赚不赔。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">可结果<span style="color: black;">便是</span>,留不住人才,难以发展,老手容易一眼就看破。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>的新人<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会成长,新人或许在<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的某一刻,<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>觉悟了,就走了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">05.用实力</strong><strong style="color: blue;">争取机会</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>的操作模式,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>定一个标准的薪酬<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>一<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>都不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>你的<span style="color: black;">营销</span>能力<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这其实<span style="color: black;">便是</span>个人跟企业之间博弈了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你是新人,你手里<span style="color: black;">无</span>筹码,只能是别人给你机会。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">那<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你有点经验和能力,那这些都是谈判筹码,你自己的利益,要你自己争取。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">为何</span>,你会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许在一个贸易<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>的底薪都<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有人3000,有人5000,有人8000。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">更让人郁闷的是,你在<span style="color: black;">机构</span>做了5年,底薪是4000块,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>老板找了一个才有1年经验的新人,居然给6000底薪!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">难道这个人能力真的比你们强么?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实未必。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>他的谈判能力好,让老板看到了<span style="color: black;">将来</span>可能有的价值,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>愿意去冒险。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">罗湖<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>香港贸易<span style="color: black;">机构</span>都是8000-1万底薪,提成是0.1 。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>8级英语考试过了的新人,在<span style="color: black;">机构</span>一呆<span style="color: black;">便是</span>十几年。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>面可讨论的空间实在太大,而<span style="color: black;">针对</span>薪酬体系这个<span style="color: black;">专题</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>绝对不是你想的<span style="color: black;">那样</span>简单。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">薪酬制定<span style="color: black;">背面</span>的<span style="color: black;">奥密</span>到底在哪。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你是管理者,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>现有的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>下,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>快速<span style="color: black;">有效</span>的制定最合适的薪酬,制定<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的KPI考核和薪酬制度,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>效益的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能激励业务员实现最大价值,形成双赢局面。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你是业务员,一个<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的管理方式,对你的升职和薪资的定位<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>清晰?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在每一次的薪资谈判中,你<span style="color: black;">必须</span>明白<span style="color: black;">那些</span>“潜规则”。你都应该有<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的感知,别做外贸两三年了还糊里糊涂的。(<span style="color: black;">源自</span>: 毅冰米课)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">以上内容属作者个人观点,不<span style="color: black;">表率</span>雨果网立场!本文经原作者授权转载,转载需经原作者授权同意。</strong></p>
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