关于甲状腺癌TNM分期
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺癌的分期，<span style="color: black;">根据</span>传统的分期分为甲状腺癌的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>、中期和晚期。临床上<span style="color: black;">常常</span>用TNM的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>对甲状腺癌分期，T<span style="color: black;">表率</span>甲状腺肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">体积</span>和形状，N<span style="color: black;">表率</span>淋巴结转移的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，M<span style="color: black;">表率</span>远出转移和复发的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤比较小，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是T1、T2，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤大于2cm，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是T3、T4。<span style="color: black;">无</span>淋巴结转移的是N0，有淋巴结转移的是N1，<span style="color: black;">无</span>远处扩散转移的是M0，有远处转移的属于M1。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.TX期：临床上把<span style="color: black;">按照</span>甲状腺肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">体积</span>分期时，会用T<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。TX是<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">评定</span>肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">体积</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 2.T0期：T0就<span style="color: black;">显示</span>甲状腺正常，<span style="color: black;">无</span>原发肿瘤的证据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.T1期：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>甲状腺处<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肿瘤，肿瘤的直径<span style="color: black;">少于</span>等于2厘米，<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>转移，只是局限在甲状腺内，属于T1期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 4.T2期：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>甲状腺癌肿瘤直径大于等于2厘米，<span style="color: black;">少于</span>等于4厘米，局限在甲状腺内属于T2期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 5.T3期：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>甲状腺肿瘤的直径大于4厘米，局限在甲状腺内<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了甲状腺<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织的侵犯属于T3期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.T4期：<span style="color: black;">没</span>论甲状腺肿瘤<span style="color: black;">体积</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>，只要肿瘤超出了甲状腺的包膜，侵犯到皮下、软组织、喉返神经等部位，就属于T4a级；<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤侵犯到颈动脉纵膈血管等属于T4b期。所有的未分化癌都属于T4期肿瘤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">2、</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>淋巴结转移分期</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 1.N0：当甲状腺癌病情严重就会像<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的淋巴结转移，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是N0，就<span style="color: black;">显示</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>区域淋巴结转移。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.N1：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>N1及<span style="color: black;">显示</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了区域淋巴结转移，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>癌细胞转移到气管前、气管旁和喉前的淋巴结属于N1a；<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>转移到颈侧<span style="color: black;">或</span>上纵膈淋巴结属于N1b期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 3.NX：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>NX，就<span style="color: black;">显示</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了淋巴转移。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">3、</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">可否</span>有远处转移分期</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 1.M0：临床上把有<span style="color: black;">无</span>远处转移，用M来代替，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是M0就<span style="color: black;">显示</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>远处转移.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 2.M1：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>是M1，就<span style="color: black;">显示</span>病情严重，<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了远处转移。</p>3.MX：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>报告上<span style="color: black;">表示</span>MX<span style="color: black;">暗示</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>远端转移。
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